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附录AInventoryOptimizationinSupplyChain:ZeroInventoryApproachKanakaB*Managingopti__linventoryinthesupplychainiscriticalforanenterprise.Theabilitytoincreaseinventoryturnsandtheuseofbestinventorypracti__swillredu__inventorycostsacrossthesupplychain.Movingtowardszeroinventorywillresultineffectiveinventory__nagementinthebusinesspro__ss.InventoryOptimizationSolutionscanbeimplementedeasilyusinginventoryoptimizationsoftware.WithRadioFrequencyIdentificationRFIDtechnologyinventorycanbeupdatedinrealtimewithoutproductmovementscanningorhu__ninvolvement.Companieshavetoadoptbestpracti__stooptimizeoperationalpro__ssesandlowertheircoststructurethroughinventorystrategies.IntroductionWithsupplychainplanningandlatestsoftwarecompaniesare__nagingtheirinventoryinthebestpossible__nnerkeepinginventoryholdingstotheminimumwithoutsacrificingthecustomerservi__needs.Thezeroinventorycon__pthasbeenaroundsin__the1980s.Ittriestoredu__inventorytoaminimumandenhan__sprofit__rginsbyreducingtheneedforwarehousingandexpensesrelatedtoit.Thecon__ptofasupplychainistohaveitemsflowingfromonestageofsupplytothenextbothwithinthebusinessandoutsideinaseamlessfashion.Anystockinthesystemiscausedbyeitherdelaybetweenthepro__ssesde__nddistributiontransferrecordingandproductionorbythevariationintheflow.Eliminating/reducingstockcanbeachievedby:linkingpro__sses__kingthesamethroughputrateonpro__sseslocatingpro__ssesneareachotherandcoordinatingflows.Re__ntadvan__dsoftwarehas__dezeroinventorystrategyexecutable.Inventoryoptimizationisanemergingpracticalapproachtobalancinginvestmentandservi__-levelgoalsoveraverylargeassortmentofStock-KeepingUnitsSKUs.Incontrasttotraditional‘one-at-a-time’__rginalstocklevelsettinginventoryoptimizationsimultaneouslydeterminesallSKUstocklevelstofulfilltotalservi__andinvestmentconstraintsorobjectives.Inventoryoptimizationtechniquesprovideanewlogictodrivethesystemwithinfor__tionsystems.Toeffectively__nageinventorybusinessesmustalsooptimizethecostsofbuyingholdingproducingmovingandsellinginventory.Theobjectiveofinventoryoptimizationistosustainmini__llevelsofinventorywhileprovidingthe__ximumpossiblelevelsofservi__.SupplyChainDesignandOptimizationSCDOisaninventoryoptimizationsolutionwhichhelpscompaniessatisfycustomerde__ndswhilebalancinglimitationsonsupplyandtheneedforoperationalefficiency.Inventoryoptimizationfocusesonmodelingun__rtaintyandvariabilityandminimizingtheriskstheyimposeonthesupplychain.Inventoryoptimizationcanhelpresolvetotalsupplychaincostoptionslike:•In-house__nufacturingvs.contract__nufacturing;•Domesticvs.offshore;and•Newsupplierscostvs.currentsupplierscost.Companiescanbenefitfrominventoryoptimizationprovidedtheycontroltheirsupplychainpro__ssesandthecomplexityofsupplychain.Incasethesupplychainisverycomplexbesidesinventoryoptimizationnetworkdesignhastobeusedtoreapthebenefitsfully.ThispapercoversvariousinventorymodelsthatareavailableandthendescribesthetechnologieslikeRadioFrequencyIdentificationRFIDandnetworkingusedfortheoptimizationofinventory.Thepaperalsodescribesthesoftwaresolutionsavailableforachievingthesame.Itconcludesbygivingafewexampleswhereinventoryoptimizationhasbeensuc__ssfullyimplemented.InventoryModelsHexagonModelThehexagonmodelwasdevelopedduetotheneedtostructureday-to-dayworkredu__headcountandotherinventorycostsandimprovecustomersatisfaction.Inthefirstphaseoperationstrategieswereestablishedinalig__entwithinte-rnalcustomers.Latercontinuousimprovementplansandbusinesscontinuitypl-answereadded.Thefivestrategiesusedwere:forecastingfutureconsumptionsettingfinancialtargetstominimizeinventorycostspreparingdailyreportstomonitorinventoryoperationalperfor__n__studyingcriticalsuc__ssindicatorstotracktheaccomplishmentstoforminventorystrategicobjectivesandinventor-yhealthandoperatingstrategies.ThehexagonmodelisacombinationoftwotriangularstructuresFigure
1.Theupper________focusesonthesoft__nagementofhu__nresour__scustomerorientationandsupplierrelations;thelowerfocusesontheexecutionofinventoryplanswiththeirsuc__sscriteriacontinuousimprovementmethodologyandbusinesscontinuityplans.Theinventoryindicatorsare:totalinventoryvalueavailabilityofsparesdaysofinventorycostofinventorycostsavingandcashsavingoutputexpen-ditureandqualityimprovement.Thehexagonmodelcombinestheelementsofthepeopleinvolvedin__naginginventorywithoperationalex__llen__Figur
2.Managinginventorywithoperationalex__llen__wasachievedbyreducingthenumberofemployeesinthe__terialdepartmentchangingthemixofpeo-pleskillssuchasintroducingengineeringintothedepartmentstructureandreducingthecostofownershipofthe__terialdepartmenttotheoperationthatitsupports.Nor__llythisisimplementedwithreductioninheadcountof__terialdepartmenthavinglesspeoplewithengineeringskillsinthedepartment.Operationresultsincludeimprovementinraw__terialsupplylinequalityindicatorscompetitivedaysofinventoryandimprovedandstabilizedsparesavailability.Andthefinancialresultsincludeincreaseincostsavingsandredu__dcostofinventory.Itcanbeestablishedbyoutsourcingsomeoftheinventoryfunctionsasrequired.Thelevelofefficiencyoftheinventory__nagedcanbemeasuredtoaspecificrisklevelchangingrequirementsorchangesintheenviro__ent.Just-In-TimeJITJust-in-timeJITinventorysystemisacon__ptdevelopedbytheJapanesewhereinthesuppliersdeliverthe__terialstothefactoryJITfortheirpro__ssingeliminatingtheneedforstorageandretrieval.Therateofoutputandtherateofsupplyofinputsaresynchronizedto__nageazeroinventory.The__inbenefitsofJITare:setuptimesaresignificantlyredu__dinthefactorytheflowofgoodsfromwarehousetoshelvesimprovesemployeeswhopossessmultipleskillsareutilizedmoreefficientlybetterconsistencyofsche____ngandconsistencyofemployeeworkhoursincreasedemphasisonsupplierrelationshipsandcontinuousroundtheclocksupplieskeepingworkersproductiveandbusinessesfocusedonturnover.AndthoughaJITsystemmightevenbeane__ssitygiventheinventoryde__ndsof__rtainbusinesstypesits__nyadvantagesarerealizedonlywhensomesignificantriskslikedelaysinmovementofgoodsoverlongdistan__saremitigated.Vendor-ManagedInventoryVMIVendor-ManagedInventoryVMIisaplanningand__nagementsysteminwhichthevendorisresponsiblefor__intainingthecustomer’sinventorylevels.VMIisdefinedasapro__ssormechani__wherethesuppliercreatesthepurchaseordersbasedonthede__ndinfor__tion.VMIisacombinationofe-commer__softwareandpeople.Ithasresultedinthedra__ticreductionofinventoryacrossthesupplychain.VMIiscategorizedintherealworldascollaborationauto__tionandcosttransferen__.The__inobjectivesofVMIarebettercheaperandfastertransactions.InordertoestablishtheVMIpro__ss__nagementcommitmentdatasynchronizationsettingupagreementsdataexchangeorderinginvoi____tchingandmeasurementhavetobeundertaken.ThebenefitsofVMItoanorganizationarereductionininventorybesidesreductionofstock-outsandincreaseincustomersatisfaction.Accurateinfor__tionwhichisrequiredforoptimizingthesupplychainisfacilitatedbyefficienttransferofinfor__tion.Thecon__ptofVMIwouldbesuc__ssfulonlywhenthereistrustbetweentheorganizationanditssuppliersasallthede__ndinfor__tionisavailabletothesupplierswhichcanberevealedtothecompe_____s.VMIoptimizesinventoryinsupplychainandredu__sstock-outsbyproperplanningand__ntralizedforecasting.Consig__entModelConsig__entinventorymodelisanextensionofVMIwherethevendorpla__sinventoryatthecustomer’slocationwhileretainingownershipoftheinventory.Theconsig__entinventorymodelworksbestinthecaseofnewandunprovenproductswherethereisahighdegreeofde__ndun__rtaintyhighlyexpensiveproductsandservi__partsforcriticalequipment.Thetypesofconsig__entinventoryownershiptransfermodelsare:payassoldduringapre-definedperiodownershipchangesafterapre-definedperiodandordertoorderconsig__ent.TheissuesthattheVMIandconsig__entinventorymodelencounterarecostofdevelopingVMIsysteminvoicingproblemscashflowproblemsElectronicDataInterchangeEDIproblemsandobsoletestock.EnablingPracti__sThedecision__kershaveto__keprudentdecisionsonfuturecourseofactionofaprojectrelatingtothefollowingvariables:ForecastingandInventoryManagementInventoryManagementpracti__sInventoryPlanningOpti__lpurchaseMultichannelInventoryMovingtowardszeroinventory.Toimproveinventory__nagementforbetterforecastingthe14bestpracti__sthatwillmostlikelybenefitbusinessthemostare:•Synchronizepromotions;•Revamptheorganizationalstructure;•Takealongerviewofitemplanning;•Enfor__vendorcomplian__;•Trackkeyinventorymetrics;•Selecttherightsystems;•Mastertheartof__stersche____ng;•Adheretoex__ptionreporting;•Identifylostde__nds;•Planbyassortment;•Trackinboundre__ipts;•Createcoveragereports;•Balan__understock/overstock;and•OptimizeSKUs.Thiswillleveragetheretailer’sabilitytobuylargerquantitiesacrossallchannelswhilebuyingonlywhatisrequiredforaspecifiedperiodinorderto__nageriskinabetterway.Inmostmultichannelcompaniesinventoryisthelargestassetonthebalan__sheetwhichmeansthattheirprofitabilitywillbedeterminedtoalargedegreebythewaytheyplanforecastand__nageinventoryCurtBarry
2007.Theycanfollowsomestepslikecreatingastrategyintegratingplanningandforecastingequippingwiththebest-laidplansandbuildingstrongvendorrelationshipsandeffectiveliquidation.MovingTowardsZeroInventoryAttheforeisthedevelopmentandwidespreadadoptionofnimblesophisticatedsoftwaresystemssuchasManufacturingResour__PlanningMRPIIEnterpriseResour__PlanningERPandAdvan__dPlanningandSche____ngAPSsystemsaswellasdedicatedsupplychain__nagementsoftwaresystems.Thesesystemsoffer__nufacturersgreaterfunctionality.Toimplement‘ZeroStock’systemcompaniesneedtohaveagoodinfor__tionsystemtohandlecustomerorderssub-contractorordersproductinventoryandallissuesrelatedtoproduction.IfthecompanyhasnoITinfrastructureitwillneedtobuilditfromthescratch.Agoodinfor__tionsystemcanhelp__nagerstogetaccuratedataand__kestrategicdecisions.ITinfrastructureisnotacostbutaninvestment.AcompanycanuseRFIDmethodnetworkinventoryandothersoftwaretoolsforinventoryoptimization.RadioFrequencyIdentificationRFIDRFIDisanauto__ticidentificationmethodwhichreliesonstoringandremotelyretrievingdatausingdevi__scalledRFIDtagsortransponders.RFIDuseinenterprisesupplychain__nagementincreasestheefficiencyofinventorytrackingand__nagement.RFIDapplicationdevelopsassetutilizationbytrackingreusableassetsandprovidesvisibilityimprovesqualitycontrolbytaggingraw__terialwork-in-progressandfinishedgoodsinventoryimprovesproductionexecutionandsupplychainperfor__n__byprovidingaccuratetimelyanddetailedinfor__tiontoenterpriseresour__planningand__nufacturingexecutionsystem.Thestatusofinventorycanbeobtainedauto__ticallybyusingRFID.Thereare__nybenefitsofusingRFIDsuchasredu__dinventoryredu__dtimeredu__derrorsac__ssibilityincreasehighsecurityetc.NetworkInventoryANetworkInventoryManagementSystemNIMStracksmovementofitemsacrossthesystemandthuscanlocate__lfunctioningequipment/pro__ssandprovideinfor__tionrequiredtodiagnoseandcorrectproblemareas.Italsodetermineswherecapacityistobeaddedcalculatesimpactof__rketconditionsassessesimpactofnewproductsandtheimpactofanewcustomer.NIMSisveryimportantwhenthecomplexityofasupplychainishigh.Itdeterminesthe__nufacturinganddistributionstrategiesforthefuture.Itshouldtakeintoconsiderationproductionlocationinventoryandtransportation.TheNIMSsoftwareincludingassetconfigurationinfor__tionandchange__nagementisanessentialcomponentofrobustnetwork__nagementarchitecture.NIMSprovideinfor__tionthatadministratorscanusetoimprovenetwork__nagementperfor__n__andhelpdevelopeffectivenetworkassetcontrolpro__sses.Anetworkinventorysolution__nagesnetworkresour__infor__tionformultiplenetworktechnologiesaswellasmultiplevendorsinonecommonaccuratedatabase.Itisanextremelyusefultoolforimprovingseveraloperationpro__ssessuchasresour__trouble__nagementservi__assuran__networkplanningandprovisioningfield__intenan__andspareparts__nagement.TheNIMSsoftwareincludingassetconfigurationinfor__tionandchange__nagementisanessentialcomponentofstrongnetwork__nagementarchitecture.Inadditionsoftwaretoolsthatprovideplanningdesignandlifecycle__nagementfornetworkassetsshouldprominentlyappearonenterpriseradarscreens.InventoryOptimizationSoftwarei2InventoryOptimizationi2solutionsenablecustomerstorealizetopandbottom-linebenefitsthroughtheuseofsuperiorinventory__nagementpracti__s.i2InventoryOptimizationcanhelpcompaniesmonitor__nageandoptimizestrategiestodecide—whatto__kewhattobuyandfromwhomwhatinventoriestocarrywhereinwhatformandhowmuch—acrossthesupplychain.Itenablescustomerstolearnandcontinuouslyimproveinventory__nagementpoliciesandpro__ssesstrategic____ysisandoptimization.Product-orientedindustrycaninstalli2InventoryOptimizationanddevelopsupplychain.Throughthisthecompanycanredu__inventorylevelsandoveralllogisticscosts.Itcanalsogethigherservi__levelperfor__n__greatercustomersatisfactionimprovedassetutilizationac__leratedinventoryturnsbetterproductavailabilityredu__driskandmorepreciseandcomprehensivesupplychainvisibility.OracleInventoryOptimizationOracleInventoryOptimizationconsidersthede__ndsupplyconstraintsandvariabilityinextendedsupplychaintooptimizestrategicinventoryinvestmentdecisions.Itallowsretailerstoprovidehigherservi__levelstocustomersatalowertotalcost.OracleInventoryOptimizationispartoftheOraclee-BusinessSuiteanintegratedsetofapplicationsthatareengineeredtoworktogether.OracleInventoryOptimizationprovidessolutionswhende__ndandsupplyareinambiguity.Itprovidesgraphicrepresentationoftheplan.Itcalculatescostandrisk.MROSoftwareMROSoftwarenowapartofIBMsTivolisoftwarebusinessannoun__da__rketingallian__withinventoryoptimizationspecialistsXtivitytoenhan__theservi__offeringofinventory__nagementsolutionsforMROSoftwarecustomers.MROoffersXtivitysInventoryOptimizerxIOservi__asanextensionofitsassetandservi____nagementsolutions.StructuredQueryLanguageSQLSuc__ssfulimplementationofaninventoryoptimizationsolutionrequiressignificanteffortandcanpose__rtainriskstocompaniesimplementingsuchsolutions.StructuredQueryLanguageSQLcanbeusedonacommonERPplatform.Anopti__linventorypolicycanbedeterminedbyusingit.Alongwithitothermetricssuchasprojectedinventorylevelsprojectedbacklogsandtheirconfiden__bandscanalsobecalculated.Theonlydrawbackofthismethodisthatit__ynotbepossibletoobtainquickreal-timeresultsbecauseofarchitecturalandalgorithmiccomplexity.Howeverpotentials__narioscanbe____yzedinanticipationofresultsstoredpriortouserrequests.SomeExamplesToyota’sPracti__inIndiaToyotaaqualityconsciouscompanyworkingtowardszeroinventoryhasselectedMitsuiandTransportCorporationofIndiaLtd.TCIfortheirentirelogisticsolutionsencompassingplanningtransportationwarehousingdistributionandMISandrelateddocumentation.InfrastructureisabottleneckthatcontinuestodogeconomicgrowthinIndia.Transystemrendersservi__slikeprocurementconsolidationandtransportationoforiginalequipment__nufacturerspartsthroughmilkrunoperationsfromvarioussuppliersalloverIndiaonaJITbasistransportationofCompleteBuilt-upUnitsCBUfromplanttoalldealersinthecountryandoperationofCBUyardscoordinationandtransportationofKnockDownKDpartsfromportofentryto__nufacturingplanttransportationofafter__rketpartstodealersbyroadandairtoToyotaKirloskarMotorsPvt.Ltd.Wal-MartWal-MartisthelargestretailerintheUnitedStateswithanesti__ted20%oftheretailgro__ryandconsu__blesbusinessaswellasthelargesttoysellerintheUSwithanesti__ted22%shareofthetoy__rket.Wal-MartalsooperatesinArgentinaBrazilCanadaJapanMexicoPuertoRicoandUK.Wal-Martkeepsclosetrackoftheinventoriesbyextensivelyadoptingvendor-__nagedinventorytostreamlinetheflowofgoodsfrom__nufacturertothestoreshelf.Thisresultsinmoreturnsandthereforefewerinventories.Wal-MartisanearlyadopterofRFIDtomonitorthemovementofstocksindifferentstagesofsupplychain.ThecompanykeepstabsonallofitsmerchandizebyoutfittingitsproductswithRFID.Wal-Marthasindicatedre__ntlythatitismovingtowardstheaggressivetheoreticalzeroinventorymodel.ChordusInc.ChordusInc.hasthelargestdivisionofoffi__furnitureinUSA.Ithasadvan__dlogisticsandamodelofzeroinventory.IthasInternet-basedsystemfordistributionnetworkwithreal-timeupdatesandlowcosts.ChordusdeterminedthatonlySAPR/3couldaccommodatethiscutting-edgeoperationalmodelforitsnetworkof150dealer-ownedfranchisesin44statessupportedbyfivenationwideDistributionCentersDCsandafleetof65deliverytrucks.S__llScaleCycleIndustryAroundLudhianaInandaroundLudhianathereare__nys__llbicycleunitswhicharenotorganized.Theyhaveasharpfocusonfinancialandraw__terial__nagementenjoyingalowemployeeturnover.TheyhavebeenpracticingzeroinventorymodelswhichbecamepopularinJapanonlymuchlater.Raw__terialisbroughtintotheunitinthemorningpro__ssedduringthedayandbyeveningthefinishedproductispassedontothenextunit.Thusthechaincontinuestilltheulti__tefinishedproductis__nufactured.Inthiswaythebicyclesusedtobeprodu__dinLudhianaathalftheproductioncostofTICycles.Eventhelarge__nufacturersofcycleslikeHerocyclesAtlascyclesandAvoncyclesarereportedto__intainonlyoneweeksinventory.ConclusionInventory__nagersarefa__dwithhighservi__-levelrequirementsand__nySKUsappreciatethecomplexityofinventoryoptimizationaswellastheexplicitcontrolthatisneededovertotalinvestmentinwarehousingmovingandlogistics.Inventoryoptimizationcanprovidebothanenormousperfor__n__improvementforthesupplychainandongoingcontinuousimprovementsovercompe_____s.Thecompanyachievesthestabilityneededtohaveenoughstocktomeetunpredictablede__ndswithoutwastefulallocationofcapital.Havingtherightamountofstockintherightpla__attherighttimeimprovescustomersatisfaction__rketshareandbottomline.Certainlytheorganizationsthatareabletotakeinventoryoptimizationtotheenterpriselevelwillreapgreaterbenefits.Zeroinventory__ybewishfulthinkingbutembracingnewtechnologiesandpro__ssesto__nageonesinventorymoreefficientlycouldmoveonemuchclosertothatideal.附录B供应链库存优化零库存方法对于一个企业来说,在供应链中优化库存管理是至关重要的增大库存周转和使用最佳库存方法将会减少供应链中的库存成本以零库存为目标将促进业务流程中有效的库存管理库存优化方案可以运用库存优化软件很方便的实施运用RIDF技术,库存可以在没有产品__、扫描以及人员参与的情况下实时更新公司必须通过库存策略采取最佳方法去优化操作流程和降低成本结构引言运用供应链规划和最新的软件,企业用尽可能最好的方式管理库存,在不牺牲顾客服务需求的条件下保持库存量最低零库存思想产生于上世纪80年代它试图将库存降到最低并通过减少需要仓储及相关费用来提高利润供应链的概念是,项目从一个阶段流向另一个阶段,在业务流程内外,无间隙融合系统中的任何库存都是由流程之间的延迟(需求、分配、转接、记录和生产)或者流量的变更引起的消除/减少库存可用下列方法实现使各流程相链接,流程间使用相同的吞吐量,流程相互定位并协调流动最近的先进软件使零库存策略得以执行在大品种库存单位(型号)下,库存优化是一个新兴的切实可行的平衡投资和服务水平目标的方法对比传统的“一次一个”边际库存水平设置,库存优化,同时决定所有的SKU的库存水平和实现整个服务和投资的限制或目标库存优化系统提供了一个新的逻辑,用信息系统来驱动系统为了有效的管理库存,企业也必须优化__成本,持有成本,运输成本和销售成本库存优化的目的是维持最低的库存水平,同时提供最大可能的服务水平供应链设计和优化是一个库存优化方案,它能帮助公司满足顾客需求的同时平衡供给和运行效率之间的限制库存优化致力于对在供应链中所应用的风险的不确定性,变异性和减少风险进行建模库存优化能帮助解决整体供应链成本的方案,例如•内部生产和外包生产•国内和国外的•新供应商成本和原有供应商成本只要企业可以控制自己的供应链流程和供应链复杂性研究,企业就可以受益于库存优化如果供应链非常复杂,除了库存优化,网络设计也被用来获取利润本论文介绍了有效的多库存模型,RFID技术和库存优化网络技术本论文也介绍了可以达到同样目的的、可行的软件解决方案论文以一些成功实施的库存优化例子结束库存模型六边形模型六边形模型是由于需要__一天的日常工作,减少员工人数和其他库存成本和提高顾客满意度而__的在第一阶段,经营策略是保持与内部客户一致后来,添加了持续改进计划和业务连续性计划运用的五大战略是预测未来的消费;设置财务目标,以最大限度的降低库存;准备每日报告监察库存经营业绩;研究关键成功指标以追踪所取得的成就;形成库存战略目标和库存健康及经营策略六边形模型是两个三角形结构的组合上三角侧重于人力资源,客户管理取向和供应商关系这些软资源的管理;下三角集中于执行有成功准则的库存计划,连续改进方法和业务连续性计划库存指标是总存货价值,备件供应,日库存,库存成本,节约成本及现金节省输出支出和质量改进六边形模型结合了参与卓越经营库存管理人员的因素卓越经营库存管理是通过减少材料部门的员工数量,改变人的技能组合,如向部门结构中引进工程,减少材料部门拥有__操作所有权的成本通常,这是与材料部门人员的减少一起实施的,使更少的人掌握工程技术上述操作结果是,原材料供应线质量指标的改善,日存货的竞争和备件的改善与稳定财务结果是,成本节约增加,库存成本减少卓越经营库存管理根据一些库存功能需要建立外包政策库存管理有效性的水平可以衡量一个特定风险水平,需求的改变或是环境的变化准时制生产准时库存系统概念产生于__,其中,供应商向工厂生产流程准时提供材料以消除存储和检索的需要为了零库存管理,输出速率和供应的投入率应是同步的准时制生产的好处是,工厂中的时间浪费大大减少,商品从仓库到货架的流通得到改善,拥有多技能的员工被更有效的利用,在时间安排和员工工作时间上有更好的一致性,供应商关系得以强调,连续不间断的全天候的物资供应使员工工作更有效率和企业在营业额上得以积累尽管一个JIT系统甚至可能是必要的,给出了某些业务类型的库存要求,但是其优点是只有当一些重要的风险如由于长距离运输而延误的风险能够减轻时才能体现供应商管理库存供应商管理库存是供应商对维护客户的库存水平负责的规划和管理系统VMI定义为供应商基于需求信息创建的采购订单的一种过程或机制VMI是集电子商务,软件,人的因素为一体它使整个供应链中的库存大幅度降低VMI在现实世界中分为协作,自动化和成本转移VMI的主要目标是更好,更廉价和更快的交易为了建立VMI流程,管理承诺,数据同步,设定协议,数据交换,订货,__匹配,和测量是必要环节对一个公司来说,VMI的好处除了可以减少缺货,增加客户满意度,还可以降低库存优化供应链所需求的准确信息通过信息的有效传输可以方便的获得VMI理念,只有在企业和其供应商之间相互信任,比如所有的可以透漏给竞争对手的需求信息对供应商都是可获得的,才能获得成功VMI通过合适的计划和集中预测来优化供应链中的库存和减少缺货寄售模式寄售库存模式是在供应商将库存清单存放在客户那里同时保留库存清单的所有权的情况下的VMI的一个延伸在新的和未经证实的产品的情况下寄售库存模型效果最好,这种情况需求不确定性程度高,产品非常昂贵,有关键设备的维修零件寄售库存的所有权类型传输模式是支付和销售在一个预定义时间内,预定义时间后所有权变更,安排订购货物VMI和寄售库存模式所遭遇的问题是以__VMI系统,__问题,现金流问题,电子数据交换问题和陈旧存货为代价的EnablingPracti__s决策者必须对今后的和下列变量相关的项目行动方针做出谨慎的决策预测和库存管理,库存管理方法,库存计划,最佳采购,多通道库存,实现零库存为了改善库存管理去更好的预测,十四个对业务最有利的最佳实践是•同步提升;•过程重组;•制定较长的项目规划;•实施供应商承诺;•追踪关键库存指标;•选择合适的系统;•掌握主要时序安排的技术;•坚持异常报告;•确认丢失的需求;•进行分类计划;•追踪本地进款;•建立覆盖报告;•平衡库存和积压;•优化SKUs;这将利用零售商的__能力,为了更好的管理风险,通过各种渠道都买在制定时期所需求的在大多数多渠道公司,库存占有资产负债表上最大的份量,这就意味着他们的盈利在很大程度上将会取决于他们的规划,预测,和库存管理的方法他们可以按照一些步骤,创建一个策略,综合规划和预测,配备最__的计划,并建立强有力的供应商关系和有效的清算零库存目标首先是发展和广泛采用灵活的,先进的如制造资源计划(MRPII),企业资源规划(ERP),先进的规划与排程(APS系统),以及专门的供应链管理软件系统这些系统提供有更强大功能的厂商为了实施零库存系统,企业需要有一个好的信息系统去处理客户订单,分包商的订单,生产库存和所有和生产相关的事宜如果公司没有IT基础设施,这将从头建立一个好的信息系统可以帮助管理者得到准确的数据和做出战略决策IT基础设施不是成本,而是一种投资一个企业可以运用RFID理论,网路库存和其他的软件工具去优化库存无线电频率识别(RFID)RFID是一种自动识别方法,依靠RFID标签或是转发器等设备来存储和远程检索数据在企业供应链管理中应用RFID技术可以增加库存追踪和管理的效率RFID的应用通过追踪可重复使用资产发展了资产利用率,提供了透明化进度,通过追踪原材料,在制品和产成品改善了质量控制,通过向企业资源规划和制造执行系统提供准确的、及时的、详细的信息改善了生产执行能力和供应链绩效通过使用RFID,库存的状态可以自动获得使用RFID的好处有很多,例如较少库存,较少时间,较少错误,无障碍增加,高度的安全,等等网络库存一个网络库存系统通过系统来追踪物品的__,然后可以找到故障设备/过程,并且向要诊断和纠正问题的地方提供所需资料它还决定了什么地方能力需要增加,计算市场条件的影响,评估新产品和心顾客的影响当一个供应链的复杂程度非常大时网络库存系统是非常重要的它决定了未来生产和分配策略它需要考虑生产,定位,库存和运输网络库存系统软件,包括资产结构信息和变更管理,是强大的网络管理体系结构的必要组成部分网络库存系统向管理者提供信息,去改善网络管理性能和帮助__有效的网络资产的控制流程一个网络库存方案在一个共同的准确的数据库管理多个网络技术以及多个供应商的网络资源信息它对改善一些操作流程,例如资源问题管理,服务保障和规划,现场维修和备件管理是极其有用的工具网络库存管理软件,包括资产结构信息和变更管理,是一个强大的网络管理题词的必要组成部分此外,为网络资产提供计划,设计和生命周期管理的软件工具应明显的出线在企业的雷达屏幕上库存优化软件I2库存优化I2解决方案,使顾客能够通过使用卓越的库存管理做法实现顶部和底部的利益在整个供应链中,I2库存优化可以帮助公司的监控,管理和优化决策,以决定生产什么,__什么以及从谁那__,进行何种形式和数量的存货它使顾客能够学习和不断改善库存管理政策和流程,决策分析和优化以产品为导向的产业可以__i2库存优化和__供应链通过如此,企业可以降低库存水平和全部的物流成本它也可以得到更高的服务水平,提高客户满意度,提高资产利用率,加速库存周转,提高产品的可用性,降低风险,更准确和更全面的供应链可视性OracleInventoryOptimizationOracle库存管理系统考虑扩展供应链的需求,供给,约束性和可变性,以优化战略库存投资决策它允许零售商以较低的总成本向顾客提供更高的服务水平Oracle是Oracle电子商务套装,一套设计共同工作的、完整的应用软件的一部分当需求和供给不确定时,Oracle库存优化系统可以提供解决方案它提供该计划的图示法它计算成本和风险MRO软件MRO软件(现在是IBM蒂沃利软件业务的一部分)宣布了一项与库存优化专家Xtivity的营销联盟,以加强MRO软件顾客的库存管理解决方案的服务提供MRO表示将Xtivity的库存优化程序(xIO)作为其资产和服务管理方案的一个扩展结构化查询语言(SQL)一个库存优化方案的成功实施需要很大的努力,并且可能给公司带来一定的风险结构化查询语言(SQL)可以用作一个普通的ERP平台通过使用它可以决定最佳的库存策略与它一起,还可以计算出其他的指标,如预期的库存水平,预计积压和theirconfiden__bands由于建筑和算法上的复杂性,这种方法的唯一缺点是可能不能获得快速及时的结果然而,潜在的情形可以对客户请求中优先存储的结果进行与其分析一些样例印度的丰田汽车实例丰田,一个努力实现零库存有质量意识的公司,已选定三件运输(印度)有限公司作为他们整个涵盖规划,交通运输,仓储,配送和管理信息系统及相关的文档的物流解决方案基础设施是继续尾随印度经济增长的瓶颈环节Transystem提供的服务有原始设备制造商的部分采购,集中托运和运输服务业务,基于JIT原理从印度各地的供应商__材料,从车间到国内所有的交易者运用CBU的运输,沃尔玛沃尔玛是美国最大的零售商,占零售商货物和消费性业务的20%,同时也是美国最大的玩具销售商,占有玩具市场大约22%的份额沃尔玛也出现在阿根廷,巴西,___,__,莫斯科,PuertoRico,还有英国沃尔玛通过广泛的采用供应商库存管理使货物从制造到商场货架成为流线型来和库存保持紧密的__这样使流水线有更多的周转,因此更少的库存沃尔玛是较早采用RFID者去管理供应链不同阶段的货物流动该公司将其所有产品配备RFID标签来记录商品沃尔玛最近宣布他们正在向有挑战性的理论零库存模型迈进ChordusInc.ChordusInc.有美国办公家具最大的生产部门它有先进的物流和零库存模型它有基于互联网的系统来分配网络以达到及时更新和低成本Ludhiana小规模自行车产业在Ludhiana内和其周围,有许多非正规小型自行车厂他们主要__财务和原材料的管理保证低的员工流动他们一直在实施零库存模型,该模型不久后在__流行原材料早上被运进车间,白天进行__,晚上制成的产品将被运送至下一个车间因此,这条生产线一直运行直至成品被制造出来用这种方法,在Ludhiana自行车曾经用TI自行车一半的生产成本制造出来甚至,一些大的自行车制造商,像英雄牌自行车,AtlascyclesandAvoncycles宣称只有一周的库存量结论库存管理者面临高服务水平需求并且许多SKUs感激库存优化的复杂性,同时透明化控制在整个仓储投资,运输投资,物流投资中是必要的库存优化可以提供比竞争对手大的供应链业绩改善和正在进行的持续改善公司实现固定需求并在不浪费资本分配的情况下有足够的库存去满足不确定性需求在正确的时间正确的地点又有适当量的库存能改善顾客满意度,市场占有量和bottomline当然,有能力将库存优化做到企业水平的公司将会获得更大的利润零库存是一种理想化的意愿,但是拥有新的技术和流程使库存管理更有效将会理那个理想更进一步。