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[31]TheestablishmentoftheEuropeanUnionBarriersTireexportsdifficult,【J】OperationTrendMarketProspectofChineseTireIndustryYueChunchenandZhangXinhuaDoubleCoinGroupCo.LtdOnChinastireindustryrecalledtwoyearsagotheUnitedStatesofAmericatiresarestillstuckinthethroat.Becauseit__kestheChinesetireenterprisesalmostlostalltheUnitedStates__rketdozensoftireenterprisescloseddownmorethan30tirecompaniestocutorstopproduction.Alsobecauseofthistheenterpriseindustrialraw__terialsChinasyntheticrubbercarbonblackandotheroperatingratedeclinedsharplynearly_____0unemployedworkers.HoweverthepoliticaltradebarriersbroughtaboutbythedarkcloudsthathavenotyetdispersedtheheadofChinastireindustryhascomefromtheEUstechnicaltradethecloudsandattheendof2012downtothestorm.Tirelabelingregulationspromulgatedanewcommissionwillbeenfor__dinNovember
12012.TheregulationsinthecartireslighttrucktiresEuropeansalesoftrucktiresandbustiresmustlabel__rkingtyrerollingnoiseandfuelefficiencyslipperygriplevelgoalisto2020Europeanenergyconsumptionwasredu__dby20%.TheregulationsaretheEUREACHregulationslimitthecontentofpolycyclicaro__tichydrocarbonsinthetireuseagainafterthestrictlimits.TirelabelingregulationsaccordingtothefuelconsumptionandtheslipperyroadgripthetireisdividedintoAG7gradeArepresentsthehighestperfor__n__Grepresentsthepoorperfor__n__.Atthesametimethenoiseemissionoftyresareclassified.Calculatetime2012JulyproductionofourcountrytireifexportstotheEUmustmeetspecificrequirementsforlabelingregulationsthisisaverybigchallengetotheChinesetireenterprises.Zhuoandinfor__tion____ystsWangYulian____ysissaidrubberdivision.AtpresenttheEUhasbecomethesecondlargestexport__rketoftireenterprisesinourcountrybutourcountrytomeettherequirementsoftheEUlabelingregulationstiresaccountedforonly30%oftotalexportsandmostofthemintheDtotheGgrade.IntheA-Cthisseveralgradesoftirelessandmostofthemarewhollyforeign-ownedenterpriseproductsratherthandomesticbrands.ThismeansthatthelawsthedoortireexportenterprisesinChinatheEUwillclosetoagreatextent.TheimportantbaseofdomestictyreproductioninJiangsuasanexample.In2010JiangsuexportstotheEUstiresaccountedfor
26.9%oftotalexportsrankingthefirstdomestic.ButatpresentcannotreachtheEUtireindustrytirerollingresistan__ofsummerde__ndaccountedforabout38%wintertireisabout50%.Energy-savingtiretheprovin__beforethethreetirecompanynewestcanreachBtoCrangeandintheDlevelandabovethetireisdifficulttosaleinEuropean__rket.ThisledbytheEUsomecountrieswilllaunchtheirownlabelingregulationsfacingChinastirebusinesstradebarrierswillbemoreandmore.Economicweaknessinexternalde__ndbytheimpactoffactorssuchasplusifthetyreproductionenterprisesinourcountryisnotpaidenoughattentiontocontinueto__intainthecurrentproductionsituationanddevelopmenttheinternational__rketwillshrinkfurther.WangYuliansaid.ItisunderstoodSouthKorea28%tireproductionsoldtoEUareasotheprospectivelaunchedavoluntarytirelabelingsystem.Thesystemalsowillbecome__ndatoryfrom2012November.Inthetagthetirerollingresistan__andwetskidongripisdividedinto1-5fivegrades.Japanin2010tovoluntarilytirelabelingsystem__insignofrollingresistan__oftireandawetroadgriplevel.TheUnitedStatesasearlyas6yearsagobyincludingthetirelabelingregulationsregulations.Atpresenttheindustrygroupsandregulatorsaretheregulationsforthelastmodificationandmostlikelyaccordingtothetirefuelefficiencytractionperfor__n__andtiretireclassificationsu_____wear.LatinAmericaBrazilisalsobrewingformulationoftirelabelingregulationssimilar.Inourcountryatpresentourcountrytireexportshaschangedalot.1-October2010Chinastireexportsyear-on-yearincreaseofupto20%~30%butin2011year-on-yeargrowthofonly
6.4%.TheEUtirelabelingregulationsforChinatireenterpriseson__againsoundedthealarmwhenthetiresafetyandenviro__entalrequirementsincreasinghasbecomeaglobaltrendChinatireenterprisesreallyneedcarefulthinkingac__leratethedevelopmentofideasanddevelopmentstrategyadjustment.NewchallengesglueenterprisesEUtirelabelingregulationsareissuedunderthede__ndsofenviro__entalprotectionandenergysavingthe__nufacturingpro__ssofthetireespeciallyputforwardhighrequirementsforproductionofhighperfor__n__rubber.Andthisis__nydomestictyreproductionenterpriseweakness.LongzhongpetrochemicalbusinessnetworkrubberDepartment____ystTangXiaonansaid.ShebelievesthattomeetregulatoryrequirementsChinatireenterprisesmustincreasethesolution-polymerizedstyrene-buta___nerubberrareearthneodymiumusinghigh-qualityrubberbuta___nerubber.Thetwoproductsarekeycomponentsoftheproductionofgreentire.Understandaccordingtothereporteratpresentourcountrythereare__nyprivateglueenterprisesaretryingtoSSBRandneodymiumrareearthpolybuta___nerubberproduction.Mostofthemaretheintroductionofforeigntechnology.Orisitbecausewecouldnotgraspthecoretechnologyorbecauseofthelackofhigh-endtechnologytotheabilitytocontrolintheproductionpro__sstheproductqualityismuchlowerthanthesamebrandproducts.ThemoredifficultiesareunderpressuretofindawayoutofChinastireexportstoforeign__rketsarefacingandproductionenterprisesinChinawitharubberdevelopmentinthehigh-endproductsandmoredifficult.TheEUtirelabelingregulationsaftertheofficialimplementationhowthesetwotypesofinterconnectedenterprisestokeepupwiththetrendoftheworldassoonaspossibleWangYulianthinkfirstofalltireproductionenterpriseproductionenterprisesupstreamanddownstreamofthegluetomoreexchangesstrengthencooperationfortightness.Especiallyintheproductionofenterprisescannotonlyprodu__gluequietlybutalsowiththedownstreamtire__nufacturingenterprisesunderthenew__rketde__ndnewtrendtoresearchanddevelopmentandproductionofnewproducts.Atpresenttoosingledomesticsyntheticrubberenterprisesprodu__dproductsinparticularinthe__rketwanttolearnassoonaspossiblebeforethenewregulationswillcooperatewiththedownstreamtireproductionenterprisespreparedtodealwithnottochangehappensto.WangYuliansaid.Secondlywhether__nufacturerstire__nufacturingenterprisesorgluetheneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofemerging__rketsabroadespeciallyinASEANIndiaandChinasignedatradeagreementsin__countriesandNorthAfricaandLatinAmericahaspotentialdevelopmentcapacityofthecountry.Throughtheimplementationofdiversificationstrategyredu__theexport__rketistoocon__ntratedrisk.Inadditionthedomestic__rketspa__inChinaisstillrelativelylargeregardlessoftire__nufacturingenterprisesorglueproductionenterprisestotapthedomestic__rketde__ndtofurtherexpanddomesticde__nd.Withthedevelopmentoftheworldtireindustrysafetyenviro__entalprotectiongreentirehasbecomeanewroundofdevelopmentoftheworldtireindustrytrends.TangXiaonanthinksno__tterthetire__nufacturingenterprises__nufacturingenterprisesorgluenewregulationsshouldattachgreatimportan__toandconscientiouslystudyothercountriesabouttirespositivemeasuresintheinternational__rketfurtherimprovethequalitycontrolsystemandrelatedproductstestplatformandtheimprovementoftechnologyinproductionpro__ssandactivelyimprovetheperfor__n__productenviro__entalprotection.Progressintheimplementationoftheformulationofnationalstandardsdepartmentsshouldalsoac__leratethefollowEUtirelabelingregulationsREACHregulationtheestablishmentandimplementationofthenewnormsandinternationalregulationsintiretechnologyimproveourtiresafetyandinternationalcompetitiveness.附录2外文资料的中文翻译对我国轮胎行业的人而言,回忆起两年前的美国轮胎特保案,至今都如鲠在喉因为它让中国轮胎企业几乎失去所有美国市场,数十家轮胎企业倒闭,30多家轮胎企业减产或停产也因为此事,中国合成橡胶、炭黑等原材料工业企业开工率大幅下降,近10万工人失业然而,这桩“__性”贸易壁垒所带来的阴霾还未散去,我国轮胎行业头顶又飘来一片来自欧盟地区的“技术性”贸易乌云,且将于2012年末降下“大到暴雨”欧盟委员会新__的轮胎标签法规将于2012年11月1日起强制执行该法规规定,在欧盟销售的轿车胎、轻卡胎、卡车胎及公共汽车轮胎必须加贴标签,标示轮胎的燃油效率、滚动噪声和湿滑路面抓地力等级,目标是到2020欧洲能源消耗减少20%该法规是继欧盟REACH法规对轮胎中使用的多环芳烃含量进行限制后的再次严格设限轮胎标签法规根据燃油消耗和湿滑路面抓地力,将轮胎分为A—G7个等级,A代表性能最高,G代表性能最差同时,对轮胎的噪声排放也进行了分级“计算一下时间,我国2012年7月生产的轮胎如果出口欧盟,就需满足标签法规的具体要求,这对我国轮胎企业而言是非常大的考验”卓创资讯橡胶事业部分析师王玉莲分析说当前,欧盟已成为我国轮胎企业第二大海外出口市场,但我国符合欧盟标签法规要求的轮胎仅占出口总量的30%左右,且大多数是在D至G这个档次上处在A—C这几个等级的轮胎较少,且大多是外商独资企业生产的产品,而非国内自主品牌“这意味着该法规实施后,我国轮胎企业出口欧盟的这扇大门会在很大程度上闭合”以国内轮胎生产的重要__江苏为例2010年,江苏出口欧盟的轮胎占其出口总量的
26.9%,位居国内第一位但是,目前不能达到欧盟轮胎行业夏季胎滚动阻力要求的约占38%,冬季胎则约为50%该省前三大轮胎公司最新的节能轮胎可达到B到C范围,而在D级以及以上的轮胎是很难在欧洲市场销售的“受欧盟此举带动,不少国家必然会陆续推出自己的标签法规,我国轮胎企业面临的贸易壁垒只会越来越多加上外需受经济疲软影响等因素,如果我国轮胎生产企业不引起足够重视,继续保持当前的生产与发展现状,国际市场会进一步萎缩”王玉莲表示据了解,韩国28%的轮胎产量销往欧盟地区,因此该国前瞻性地推出了自愿性轮胎标签制度该制度也会从2012年11月成为强制性规定在该标签中,轮胎按滚动阻力和湿滑路面抓地力分为1—5五个等级__2010年起实行自愿轮胎标签制度,主要标示轮胎的滚动阻力和湿滑路面抓地力等级美国早在6年前就通过了包含轮胎标签规定在内的法规目前行业团体和监管机构正对该法规进行最后修改,最后极有可能根据轮胎的燃油效率、牵引性能和胎面磨耗对轮胎进行分级拉美地区的巴西目前也正在酝酿制定类似的轮胎标签法规放眼我国,目前我国轮胎出口量已经有了很大变化2010年,我国1—10月的轮胎出口增幅同比可达20%~30%,但2011年同比增幅仅
6.4%此次欧盟轮胎标签法规的__给我国轮胎企业再次敲响了警钟—当轮胎的安全和环保要求日益提高已成为一个全球趋向的时候,我国轮胎企业的确需慎重思考,加快发展思路和发展战略的调整合胶企业新挑战“欧盟轮胎标签法规是在环保节能的诉求下__的,对轮胎的制造工艺尤其是高性能橡胶生产提出了极高要求而这是许多国内轮胎生产企业的软肋”隆众石化商务网橡胶事业部分析师唐晓楠表示她认为,要达到法规要求,我国轮胎企业必然要加大对溶聚丁苯橡胶、稀土钕系顺丁橡胶等高品质橡胶的使用这两种产品均是生产绿色轮胎的关键成分但目前,我国这两类橡胶产品的生产技术还比较低,很多达不到国内轮胎企业的使用要求,产量也不大,因此需从国外大量进口据王玉莲介绍,德国朗盛集团和意大利埃尼集团目前是这两类橡胶产品的主要供应商相比之下,我国对这些产品的研发与生产还处于起步摸索阶段在溶聚丁苯橡胶工业化生产上,我国比西方发达国家要迟30多年国内现有6套丁苯橡胶生产装置,其中4套为乳聚丁苯橡胶生产装置,2套为溶聚丁苯橡胶生产装置,年总生产能力41万吨,主要由茂名石化、高桥石化、独山子石化生产但由于产品质量、牌号及生产技术等多方面原因,仅占有国内很少的市场份额,装置开工率一直很低我国钕系稀土顺丁橡胶生产技术经中国石油锦州石化公司和中科院长春应用化学研究所的数次合作,已经__成功并实现了工业化生产但当前,锦州石化公司的稀土顺丁橡胶也仅有每年
1.5万~2万吨的产能2011年4月7日,中国石化首套3万吨/年稀土/镍系柔性顺丁橡胶项目在燕山石化启动,进入场平阶段,预计2012年9月底中交2012年,齐祥腾达也将有5万吨/年的稀土顺丁橡胶项目投产“这两个项目如果能顺利投产,虽然会有利于配合我国部分轮胎企业逐步适应欧盟轮胎标签法规的实施,但产量毕竟还是较少”王玉莲说据记者了解,当前我国还有不少民营合胶企业也在尝试着溶聚丁苯橡胶和钕系稀土顺丁橡胶的生产它们大多引进国外的技术或者是因为在引进过程中没能掌握核心技术,或者是因在生产过程中缺乏对高端技术的操控能力,生产出的产品档次要比同等品牌的产品低很多重压之下找出路我国轮胎企业出口国外市场所面临的困境越来越多,而我国合胶生产企业在高端产品上发展又比较艰难欧盟轮胎标签法规正式实施后,这两类关联紧密的企业如何尽快跟上世界潮流?王玉莲认为,首先,上游合胶生产企业要和下游的轮胎生产企业多交流,增强合作的紧密度尤其是合胶生产企业不能只闷头生产产品,还要配合下游轮胎制造企业根据市场的新趋向新需求来研发并生产一些新产品“目前,我国国内合成橡胶企业生产的产品太单一化了,在波诡云谲的市场中,要尽快学会在新规则__之前就配合下游轮胎生产企业准备好应对措施,而不是改变发生之后想办法”王玉莲说其次,无论是轮胎制造企业还是合胶生产企业,都需要加快__国外新兴市场,特别是东盟、印度等和我国签有自贸协定的国家以及北非和拉美等具有潜在发展能力的国家通过推行“多元化”战略,降低出口市场过于集中的风险此外,我国国内市场空间仍然比较大,无论轮胎制造企业还是合胶生产企业都要挖掘国内市场需求,进一步扩大内需随着世界轮胎工业的发展,安全、环保、绿色轮胎已成为世界轮胎工业新一轮发展的趋势唐晓楠认为,无论轮胎制造企业,还是合胶生产企业,都应该高度重视并认真研读其他国家有关轮胎的相关新法规,积极制定在国际市场上的应对措施,进一步完善质量控制体系和相关产品的检测平台,并从生产工艺上改进技术,积极提高产品环保性能国家相关标准制定的部门也应加快跟进欧盟轮胎标签法规、REACH法规的实施进度,在轮胎技术领域建立并实施与国际法规接轨的新规范,提高我国汽车轮胎安全性和国际竞争力—1—1。