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1.简介
1.题目构成a.通常用一句或若干句引出写作话题,然后对写作任务进行限定,如提出要回答的问题,说明写作目的,读者对象等b.提出作文的标题,有时会自拟c.对文章结构,评分标准或答题方式进行说明e.g.Allofuswouldagreethatinordertobesuc__ssfulinthepresent-daysocietyweuniversitystudentsh__etopossess__rtainpersonalqualitiesthatenableustorealizeouraims.WhatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantpersonalqualityofauniversitystudentWriteacompositionofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic:TheMostImportantPersonalQualityofAUniversityStudentInthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatementandinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouh__ewrittentonaturalconclusionorasum__ry.__rkswillbeawardedforcontentorganizationgram__randappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructions__yresultinalossof__rks.WriteyourcompositiononAnswerSheetFour.
2.体裁说明文和议论文为主,三段式为主
3.话题范围教育,网络,个人品格与成功,个人与整体关系,学生经商,求职面试,理想追求,经济地位与友谊,大学生活等a.收集相关知识b.收集相关话题的观点c.收集相关话题的论据d.收集相关话题的表达2.评分标准
1.思想表达满分10分,极差1-2,较差3-4,一般5-6,良好7-8,优秀9-10思想内容内容切题1分内容充实1分观点明确1分论据支持论点1分有独到见解
0.5分(额外加)表达效果表达清晰流畅
0.5分有说服力
0.5分篇章__结构每段有主题句1分句间衔接自然1分段间过渡自然1分第一部分明确提出观点1分最后一部分自然得出结论1分段落排列自然合理
0.5分(额外加)
2.语言运用能力8分,极差1-2,较差3,一般4-5,良好6-7,优秀8准确性语__确2分句子结构正确1分固定搭配正确/习语正确/用词准确1分丰富性词汇丰富1分(关键词用同义词,近义词,反义词替代)句子形式丰富1分(长短结合,主被动结合,简单句和复合句结合,最好有虚拟语气,强调结构,修辞句,非谓语动词)得体性/语气恰当1分语言地道
0.5分(不要说chinglish,符合英语的思维和表达习惯)流利度完成规定字数
0.5分3.写作规范,较差
0.5,一般1,良好
1.5,优秀
2.单词拼写正确
0.5分表达符号正确
0.5分大小写正确
0.5分书写美观/卷面整洁
0.5分常见错误3.写作步骤三步走
1.写前a.读懂题目,明确题目的范围和要求(写得对)b.依据题目的要点,放开思路寻找所有可能有用的想法(写得多)c.在这些想法当中找出最合适最合用的部分,__文章的框架(写得好)
2.写中重点解决语言问题,严格按照提纲写!a.关键句和衔接中心句,主题句,段落之间和句子之间的衔接词和衔接句b.语言丰富程度词汇和句式不单调,多用近义词或同义词或反义词,句式长短结合,结构丰富c.文体恰当
3.写后重点检查两个问题a.文章的连贯b.语言的准确与恰当语法,拼写,标点,文体错误等4.结构
1.introductionparagraph引言段a.第一部分引言句吸引读者兴趣b.第二部分话题句引出文章话题c.第三部分中心句表明写作目的或观点或暗示正文结构
2.bodyparagraph(论证段、主体段)a.分论点一(要点一)证据1,证据2,证据3b.分论点二(要点二)证据1,证据2,证据3c.分论点三(要点三)证据1,证据2,证据
33.concludingparagraph(结尾段)a.总结文章要点sum__ryb.对该话题作最终评论finalcomment以2005年和2002年真题为例2005Interviewisfrequentlyusedbyemployersasameanstorecruitprospectiveemployees.Asaresultthereh__ebeen__nyargumentsfororagainsttheinterviewasaselectionpro__dure.WhatisyouropinionWriteanessayofabout400wordstostateyourview.Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.2002Allofuswouldagreethatinordertobesuc__ssfulinthepresent-daysocietyweuniversitystudentsh__etopossess__rtainpersonalqualitiesthatcanenableustorealizeouraims.WhatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantpersonalqualityofauniversitystudentWriteacompositionofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic:TheMostImportantPersonalQualityofAUniversityStudent
1.引言段的写作方法a.第一部分吸引读者兴趣(统计数据/设问/引语)方法一统计数据真实可信,可以适当夸大Everydaymillionsofjob-huntersintheworldwritelettersofapplicationwishingthattheywouldbegivenachan__ofinterview.2005Nowadaystensofthousandsofuniversitystudentsaregraduatedfromtheirschoolsandtheyallwanttobesuc__ssfulinthismodernworld.2002方法二设问(2个以上)Nowinoursocietywhatdoyouh__etodoifyouwanttofindagoodjobWhatliesbetweenyouandanidealjob下句回答Thatisinterview.2005Doyouknowanyuniversitygraduatewhodoesnotwanttosuc__edinthesocietyWhatdoesittakeforauniversitygraduatetosuc__edinthemodernsociety2002方法三用引语“Suc__sscomesnotonlyfromperspirationandinspirationbutalsofromsatisfactoryperfor__n__ininterviews”commentedDr.Kenlyinhisbook.这里最好提众所周知的人或介绍下此人以示权威2005AccordingtotraditionalChinesethoughtsatalentmustbeex__llentatabilityandmorality.2002b.第二部分引出文章话题(开门见山/收网式/驳论式)方法一开门见山Nowadaysinterviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinrecruitment.2005Inthemodernsocietyalmostalluniversitystudentslookforwardtosuc__ss.2002方法二收网式由一个宽泛,读者认同的事实开始,逐步将读者的注意力引向文章主题Withthedevelopmentof__rketeconomyinChinamoreandmorecompaniesh__ecomeintobeing.Whentheyneedtotakeupmorepeopleemployersusuallyselectthroughinterviews.Similarlywhenpeopleneedtofindajobtheyalsoneedtoperformwellininterviews.Thereforeinterviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinmodernsociety.2005Onefeatureofthemodernsocietyisthemorerespectgiventoindividualvalues.Whenfightingforpersonalvaluesandsuc__ssstudentsneedtocatchgoodopportunitiesbuttheyalsoneedtopossesssomeessentialpersonalqualities.2002方法三驳论式先说出一个与本文观点相反但读者可能会同意的观点,然后转折指出这个观点是错误的,同时提出自己的观点,可以短时间给读者以冲击,印象深刻__nyofus__yagreethatChinaisasocietyrelyinghe__ilyonguanxiorrelationship.We__yallh__etheexperien__ofh__ingtoresortto__rtainrelationshipinordertogetsomethingdonetofindagoodjobforexample./Butwithdevelopmentof__rketeconomyrecruitmentisconductedmoreandmoreonthebasisofinterviewratherthanonvariouspersonalconnections.2005Asthemodernsocietyputsmoreemphasisonpersonaldifferen__andpersonalvaluesitprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstoseeksuc__ss./Howeverthefactisthatnoteveryonecansuc__ed.Suc__sscallsfor__rtainopportunitiesbutmoreimportantlycallsfor__nypersonalqualities.c.第三部分表明观点或写作目的,暗示正文结构(观点+阐释)2005Ibelievethatinterviewisverybeneficial.直接但太宽泛Obviouslyinterviewhasbeencrucialtoensurethequalityofemployees.具体但缺乏层次Inmyopinioninterviewhasbecomeveryimportantforbothemployeesandemployers.(观点明确,同时暗示了下文的内容将从两个方面展开)2002Inmyopinionthemostimportantqualityoneneedsinthemodernsocietyisadaptability.Ithinktosuc__edinthemodernsocietyonehastoh__eadaptabilitybecauseofitsimportan__instudyincareeraswellasinfailures.
2.bodyparagraph(论证段、主体段)分论点一(要点一)证据1,证据2,证据3分论点二(要点二)证据1,证据2,证据3分论点三(要点三)证据1,证据2,证据3段落的基本构成主题句+支持句(2-3个)+段落结尾句(重述本段内容)a.主题句的写法(话题加观点)2005Thesis:Ibelievethatinterviewcanbeverybeneficial.Topicsenten__s:Interviewprovidesinfor__tionforbothpartiesinvolved.Interviewoffersabroadselectionforbothinterviewersandinterviewees.Interviewembo___sanimportantprincipleofthemodernsociety:fairness.Tips:分论点中不要转化topic这样容易造成文章不连贯,主题不一致错误案例Thesis:Ibelievethatinterviewcanbeverybeneficial.Topicsenten__s:Bothpartiesinvolvedcangetcrucialinfor__tion.Bothinterviewersandintervieweescangetabroadselectionfrominterview.Animportantprincipleofthemodernsocietyfairnesscanbeseenininterview.2002Thesis:Ithinktosuc__edinthemodernsocietyonehastoh__eadaptabilitybecauseofitsimportan__instudyincareeraswellasinfailures.Topicsenten__s:Goodadaptabilitycanhelponebecomeasuc__ssfulstudent.Goodadaptabilitycanhelponesuc__edinone’scareer.Goodadaptabilitycanhelponedealwithfailuressuc__ssfully.Tips:正文段落的排序重要性,涉及话题,时间,空间等b.支持句/论据的写法Tips不跑题;论据充分主题句:Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.方法一专家论证Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Dr.D__idphysiologicalprofessorfromHarvardUniversitydeclaredafteranationwidesurvey“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldbebetteroffwithmorerest.”方法二统计数据Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Fromdiaryentriesandpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19th__nturiessleepscientistsh__econcludedthatthe__eragepersonusedtosleepabout
9.5hoursanight.Bythe1950sand1960ssleepschedulehadbeenredu__ddra__ticallytobetween
7.5and8hoursandmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.方法三例子Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Thepresidentforexampleusedtoadmitthathefoundhisjobhardtodealwithbecauseamongotherthingshecouldsleeponlyforfourtofivehoursaday.Besides__nyemployerscomplainthattheirstaffcannotworkefficientlyintheafternoonastheycannotgetenoughtimeforsleepthedaybefore.Andthepoli__alsoreportsmoretrafficaccidentsbecause__nydriverscannotcon__ntrateduetothelackofsleep.方法四个人经历Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.WhenincollegeIusedtosleepforaboutninehourseverydaybutnowIcanonlysleepforaboutsixhoursifIwanttofinishmyjobontime.IusuallyfeeltiredatworkandsometimesIevenforgetwhatIsupposetod.BesidesIfindthatmorethanhalfofmycolleaguesaresharingmyproblem.方法五逻辑推理Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Nowadaysthestepoflifehasbecomeincreasinglyfastandpeopleareexpectedtoshouldermoreresponsibilitiesatwork.Besidesassocialinteractionsbecomemoreconvenientandbroaderpeopleh__etospendmoretimekeepingfriendsandotheracquaintsinfrequentcontact.Astheycannotfindmoretimeinonedayalltheycandoisborrowfromthetimethatwaspreviouslyallocatedtosleep.ThereforeitisnaturaltofindthatmostpeopleintheStatesaresleepingless.方法六常识Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Itiswellknownthat__nypeoplearoundusconsidersleeptheleastimportantitemontheirlistsofiftheyarefa__dwithhe__ypressurefromworkfamilyorfriends.Thecomplexityoflifefor__sthemtocutdowntimespentonsleeping.Someotherpeoplesleeplessforfearthatthey__yberegardedaslackingdriveandambition.方法七类比Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.We__yh__efoundthatinspringwhentreesandbushescomeinfullblossombeesusuallyspendlesstimeintheirhivebecausetheyh__emorehoney-__kingjobstodo.Similarlywhenpeopleh__emoreworktodotheytendtosleeplessandthishascometrueforus.
3.concludingparagraph(结尾段)a..总结文章要点sum__ry:1-2senten__s方法一直接总结法2005Bothpartiesinvolvedcangetcrucialinfor__tion.Bothinterviewersandintervieweescangetabroadselectionfrominterview.Animportantprincipleofthemodernsocietyfairnesscanbeseenininterview.Sum__ry1:Interviewcanoffergreatbenefitstothesocietybecauseitcanprovidepeoplewithimportantinfor__tionandselectionaswellasdemonstratingaprincipleoffairnessinthemodernsociety.Sum__ry2:Interviewcanoffergreatbenefitstothesociety.Thiscanbeseennotonlyintheinfor__tionitcanprovidethewideselectionit__kespossiblebutalsointheprincipleoffairnessithelpstoensureinthepro__ssofrecruitment.2002Goodadaptabilitycanhelponebecomeasuc__ssfulstudent.Goodadaptabilitycanhelponesuc__edinone’scareer.Goodadaptabilitycanhelponedealwithfailuressuc__ssfully.Sum__ry:Adaptabilityiscrucialforpeopleinthemodernsocietyduetoitsinfluen__onlearningworkingaswellasdealingwithhardsituation.方法二首尾呼应法2005开头Withthedevelopmentof__rketeconomyinChinamoreandmorecompaniesh__ecomeintobeing.Whentheyneedtotakeupmorepeopleemployersusuallyselectthroughinterviews.Similarlywhenpeopleneedtofindajobtheyalsoneedtoperformwellininterviews.Thereforeinterviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinmodernsociety.Sum__ry:__rketeconomyhasnotonlybroughtaboutinterviewbutalsogivenitincreasingimportan__.2002开头Nowadaystensofthousandsofuniversitystudentsaregraduatedfromtheirschoolsandtheyallwanttobesuc__ssfulinthismodernworld.Sum__ry:Thosetensofthousandscollegegraduateswishingforsuc__ssdon’th__etoworry.Solongastheylearntoadaptthemselvestheycanstudywellworkwellanddealwithfailureswellandthiscanpromisethemsuc__ss.方法三让步法2005Admittedlyinterviewhastheshortcomingsofrelyingonfirstimpressionandtestingoralcommunicationratherthanworkingskills.Butitisalsoundeniablethatitis__kinganincreasinglyimportantcontributiontothesociety.2002Althoughknowledgeandskillsareveryimportanttoachievingwhatonewantsinthemodernsocietypersonalqualitiesespeciallygoodadaptabilityhasbecomeessential.b..对该话题作最终评论finalcomment方法一评论重要性Givenitsimportan__tothemodernsocietyitisreasonabletosaythatinterviewlaysoneofthecornerstonesfortheprogressofhu__nsociety.方法二预测将来的发展Asinterviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantitislikelythatinthenearfuturebettermethodswillbedevisedandbetterregulationswillbe__detoensureitsquality.方法三提出警告Itmustberealizedthatatpresentinterviewisstillnotscientificenough.Thereforeifbettermethodcannotbefoundoutinterviewcannotreallyplaythatimportantrole.方法四提出解决问题的方法Toreallyrealizetheimportantrolesofinterviewemployersshouldinvitethehelpofresearchersinthefieldofpsychologicalasses__enttodevisebetterinterviewmethodsandapplicantsshouldfamiliarizethemselveswiththeinterviewrequirementsandpro__ssitbeforegoingtotheinterviewingpla__.5.衔接
1.段内衔接方法一替代方法二省略方法三词汇衔接(同义词,近义词,反义词)方法四过渡词衔接(重点)Exemplification(举例)Forexample…Forinstan__…Toillustrate…Suchas…Oneexampleis…Bywayofexample…Emphasis(强调)Infact…Asa__tteroffact…Ineffect…Sureenough…Tobesure…Actually…Especially…Aboveall…Inparticular…Mostimportantly…Mostimportantofall…Cause(原因)Thereasonforthisliesinthefactthat…Thekeyreasonis…Thanksto…Dueto…Invirtueof…Owingto…OnthegroundofResult(结果)Therefore…Hen__…Thus…So…Ifso…Asaresult…Consequently…Accordingly…Inconsequen__…Enumeration(列举)Firstly…secondlyfinally…Inthefirstpla__…Tobeginwith…Tostartwith…Firstofall…Next…AlsoAfterthatThenContrast(对比)However…Nevertheless…Inspiteof…Onthecontrary…Incontrast…Comparison(比较)Similarly…LikewiseInthesameway..Thatistosay…i.e.introduction(引言)InmyopinionTomymind…Ithink/believe/holdItismybeliefthat…GenerallyspeakingIngeneral…Asarule…Relativelyspeaking…Strictlyspeaking…AsweallknowAseveryoneknows…Asiswellknown…Noonecandenythat…Thereisenoughprooftoshowthat…Re__ntstu___sh__eledthepublictotherealizationthat…AscanbeseeninthetableAccordingtothestudy…Conclusion(结论)InawordInshortbriefInsum__ryconclusionToconcludesumupTodrawaconclusionToputitsimplyAllinalloverallOnthewhole
2.段间衔接a.引言段与正文段的衔接b.正文段的衔接方法一正文段段首衔接方法二正文段首尾衔接c.结论段的衔接。