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__代号2744__广播电视大学2013一2014学年度第二学期“开放专科”期末考试农村环境保护试题2014年7月
一、单项选择题每小题2分共20分1.地球表面水域很大,海域占地球表面的A65%B.71%C.69%D.79%2.下面属于人工生态系统的是A.农田B.果园C.草原D.城市3.下列能源中属于二次能源的是A.乙醇B.煤C.石油D.水能4.太阳光伏发电是用太阳电池进行发电的一项新技术,转化效率可达A.10%B.20%C.30%D.40%5.对农作物的营养生长具有明显抑制作用的重金属是A.AsB.CdC.PbD.Cr6.__发生的“骨疼病”公害是A.镉中毒引起的B.汞中毒引起的C.铅中毒引起的D.砷中毒引起的7.发生大气污染的主要是A.对流层B.平流层C.中间层D.散逸层8.对臭氧最为敏感的植物是A.花生B烟草C.苹果D.番茄9.对点污染源包括集中的工业区,布点用A.同心圆布点法B.扇形布点法C.网格布点法D.成对布点法10.水样的保存时间不宜长,清洁水样可保留A.12hB.24hC.48hD.72h
二、名词解释每小题4分共20分11.资源节约型社会12.生物防治技术13.氧化塘14.除尘15.环境监测
三、填空题每空1分,共15分选择下列适合的内容,填在相应的下划线上管理因地制宜气候资源信息系统的破坏间接能源物理信息大气稳定度复原更新资源化为目的对流层工业废物空气氧化法特种目的监测瞬时采样固定污染源16自然资源的分类是资源__、________和资源保护的重要依据17.农业资源包括水资源、土地资源、________、生物资源等18.生态系统的信息传递大致可以分为________、化学信息、行为信息和营养信息19.人为因素引起的生态平衡破坏,主要有物种改变、环境因素改变和________20.1983年___正式确定农村地区能源建设的方针是________,多能互补,综合利用,讲求效益,简称“十六字方针”,以及“__与节约并举”的能源建设方针21.农村能源可分________和直接能源两类22.水是一种可以更新的自然资源,它可以通过________和不断的循环利用23.污水的氧化还原法主要有________、氧化处理臭氧氧化、还原法等24.________中存在着极其复杂的天气现象,如雨、雪、霜、雹、云、雾等25.影响大气污染物扩散能力的主要气象因素是风、大气湍流、温度层结和26.固体废弃物按来源可分为________、矿业废物、城市垃圾、农业废物和放谢性废物27.我国固体废物处理利用的发展趋势采用无害化为先导、________,进行减量化28.农业环境监测,与环境监测一样,按管理目的分为常规监测、科研性监测和________三种29.水样的采集法,分________法、混合采样法、综合采样法三种30.按污染源存在形式分为________和__污染源
四、简答题每小题6分共30分31.简述改变农业生产生态环境现状的重要方法6分32.自然资源普遍性特点有哪些6分33.简述我国的农业环境保护问题的主要表现6分34.简述大气中氟化物对植物的危害6分35.简述铅对土壤的危害6分
五、论述题(15分36.试述绿色食品养殖业关键技术__代号2744__广播电视大学2013--2014学年度第二学期“开放专科’’期末考试农村环境保护____及评分标准供参考2014年7月
一、单项选择题每小题2分,共20分1.B2.D3.A4.B5.A6.A7.A8.B9.A10.D
二、名词解释每小题4分,共20分11·是指在生产、流通、消费等领域,通过采取法律、经济和行政等综合措施,以提高资源利用效率,用最少的资源消耗获得最大的经济和社会收益,和更低环境污染,保障经济社会可持续发展12·主要是利用有害生物的天敌,对有害生物进行调节、控制乃至消灭13.是利用天然池塘或人工修造的浅水池塘的污水处理法14.从废气中将颗粒物分离出来并加以捕集、回收的过程称为除尘15·就是利用多种科学方法和手段,监测和检测代表环境质量现状及发展变化趋势的各种数据,并用它解释环境现象,为环境管理和科研提供科学依据的全部过程
三、填空题每空1分,共15分选择下列适合的内容,填在相应的下划线上16.管理17.气候资源18.物理信息19.信息系统的破坏20.因地制宜21.间接能源22.复原更新23空气氧化法24.对流层25.大气稳定度26.工业废物27.资源化为目的28.特种目的监测29.分瞬时采样30.固定污染源
四、筒答题《每小题6分共30分31.6分要改变农业生产生态环境的现状,减少化肥施用量是重要的方法2分充分利用农村资源,以秸秆和畜禽粪便等有机废弃物为原料,可以生产生物有机肥和有机复合肥2分它可作为基肥和追肥施用,从而减少化肥施用量,提高化肥利用率,并培肥土壤2分32.6分1自然资源的系统性,1分2数量的有限性和潜力的无限性,2分3资源的变动性,1分4资源的多用性,1分5资源的地域性和国际性1分33.6分主要表现在一是因不合理地__利用农业自然资源而导致的大__生态破坏问题,2分如砍伐森林、水土流失、沙漠化、盐渍化等;1分二是工农业废弃物和农业活动带来的环境污染问题,2分如城市垃圾和城市污水的污染,规模化禽畜养殖场废水污染,农药、化肥、地膜和农业径流污染等1分34.6分它们对植物的危害症状表现为从气孑L或水孑L进入植物体内,但不损害气孔附近的细胞,而是顺着导管向叶片尖端和边缘部分__,在那里积累到足够的浓度,并与叶片内钙质反应2分生成难溶性氟化钙沉淀于局部,从而干扰酶的催化活性,阻碍代谢机制,破坏叶绿素和原生质,使得遭受破坏的叶肉因失水干燥变成褐色2分当植物在叶尖、叶缘出现症状时,受害几小时便出现萎缩现象,同时绿色消退,变成黄褐色,
二、三天后变成深褐色2分35.6分由于铅在土壤中固定为难溶性铅的能力较强,因此,通过食物链而引起人体铅中毒的现象极少2分铅污染土壤后,对种子的发芽率和呼吸强度有一定的影响2分铅对幼苗生长也有明显的抑制作用,这主要是由于铅抑制了幼苗对营养吸收和使叶绿素含量减少,光合作用受阻2分
五、论述题15分36.1应选择适合当地条件的畜禽作为品种、1分和作物生产一样,在繁殖过程中应尽可能减少品种遗传基质的损失,保持遗传基质的多样性1分2根据牲畜的生活习性和需求进行圈养和放养1分给动物提供充分的活动空间、充足的阳光、新鲜的空气和清洁的水源1分3关于动物的繁殖方式1分同样是基干动物权利的考虑,有机农业规定不允许用人工授精方法繁殖后代,严禁使用基因工程方法育种禁止给牲畜预防接种包括为了促使抗体物质的产生而采取的接种措施需要治疗的牲畜应与畜群隔离不干涉畜禽的繁殖行为,不允许有割畜禽的尾巴、拔牙、去喙、烧翅膀等损害动物的行为2分4畜禽饲料应该是无污染方式下生产的饲料1分有机农业标准对常规生产的饲料占总饲料量的比例、喂养时间等都有较详细的规定2分5饲料添加剂1分是为了满足饲养动物的需要向饲料中添加的少量或微量物质,有关有机农业方式中限制和禁止使用的物品可以参考欧盟的有关标准2分6养殖业中的疾病防治和药物使用是绿色食品畜产品生产非常关键的技术环节2分请您删除一下内容,O∩_∩O谢谢!!!2015年__电大期末复习考试小抄大全,电大期末考试必备小抄,电大考试必过小抄AfterearninghisspursinthekitchensofTheWestinTheSheratonSensontheBundandasprinklingofothertop-notchvenuesSimpsonLufinallygotthechan__tobecomehisownbossinNovember
2010.Sortof.TheShanghai-bornchefmightnotactuallyownCaliforniaPizzaKitchenCPKbutheisinsolechargeofbothkitchenandfrontof-houseatthisSinan__nsionsstalwart. It’s__rtainlyaresponsibilitytobetheheadchefandthentoh__eto__nagetherestoftherestaurantaswellthe31-year-old____sEnjoyShanghai.Inhotelsforexamplethesejobsarestrictlyde__rcatedsoit’sagreatopportunitytolearnhowabusinessoperatesacrosstheboard. Itwasataskthat__nagementbackinsunnyCaliforniaevidentlyfelthewasreadyforandavoteofconfiden__fromacompanythattodatehasopened250outletsin11countries.AndforaddedpressuretheShanghaibranchwasalsoCPK’sChinadebut. ForsureitwasabigstepandunlikealltheirotherAsiaoperationsthatarefranchisestheydecidedto__nageitdirectlytobeginwithsaysSimpson. TwoyearsagoaprivatefranchiseetookovertheleasebutthelinkstoCPKheadquartersarestillstrongwitha__inland-basedbrandambassador’onhandtoensurethebusinessadherestoitsethosofcreatinginnovativehearth-bakedpizzasasli__ofPRblurbthatSimpsoninsistslivesuptothehype. Theyareveryinnovativehesays.Theproblemwithmostfastfoodpla__sisthattheyusethesamesau__oneverypizzaandjustchangethetoppings.Everyoneofour16pizzasau__sisauniquerecipethathasbeenformulatedtocomplementthetoppingsperfectly. ThelargelylocalcustomerbaseevidentlyagreesandonSaturdayandSundayatleastthepla__isteeming.Thekids-eat-for-freepolicyatweekendsisundoubtedlyabigdrawaswellasisthespacioussecond-floorlayoutoverlookedbyacanopyofgreenfromFuxingParkovertheroad. Thecompanyisalsofocusingonincreasingbrandrecognitionandinre__ntyearshastakenpartinoutsideeventssuchastheregularCaliforniaWeek.Stillthestaarehonestenoughtoadmitthatbusinesscouldbebetter;asgoodinfactasinCPK’ssecondoutletinthepopularKerryParksideshopping__llinPudong. Sinan__nsionshasreallystruggledtogetthenumberofvisitorsthatwereenvisagedwhenitfirstopenedandithasn’tbeeneasyforanyofthetenantshereaddsSimpson.We’replanningathirdoutletinthecityin2015andwewillprobablychooseashopping__llagainbecauseofthebetterfoottraffic.Thetearoomson__frequentedbyCocoChaneland__r__lProustareuppingsticksandcomingtoShanghaiXuJunqianvisitstheParisianoutpostwithsweettreats.Onethingthe__ntury-oldParisiantearoomAngelinahasshownisthatlegendaryfashiondesignerCocoChanelnotonlyhadstyleandglamorbutalsoboastedgreattasteinfoodpastriesinparticular.OneofthemostpopulartearoomsinParisAngelinaisfamousforh__ingon__beenfrequentedby__lebritiessuchasChanelandwriter__r__lProust.NowAngelinahaspackedupitsFrenchambien__efficientservi__andbeautifulcomfortingdessertsandflownthemtoShanghai.Attheflagshipdine-inandtake-outspa__inShanghaieverythingmimicstheoriginaltearoomdesignedfromthebeginningofthe20th__nturyinParistheheightofBelleEpoque.ThepaintingsonthewallforexampleareexactlythesameastheonethatdepictsthelandscapeofsouthernFran__thehometownoftheowner;andthe__alltablesareintentionalimitationsoftheonesthatCocoChanelon__satateveryafternoonforhotchocolate.ThefamoushotchocolateknownasL’AfricainisaluxuriousmixtureoffourtypesofcocoabeansimportedfromAfricablendedinParisandthenshippedtoShanghai.It’ssinfullysweetrichandthickasifputtingabarofmeltingchocolatedirectlyonthetongueandthefreshwhippedcreamontheside__kesalightbutequallygratifyingcontrast.Itisalsosoldinglassbottlesastakeaway.ThesignatureMont-Blancchestnutcakeconsistsofthreeparts:thepureedchestnutontopthevanillacreamlikestuffingandthemeringueasbase.Getallthreelayersinonescoopnotonlyforthedifferenttexturesbutalsovariousfl__orsofsweetness.Thedesserthas__intaineditspopularityfora__nturyeveninacountrylikeFran__perhapstheworld’smostcompetitivepla__fordesserts.AmuchoverlookedpairingistheParis-NewYorkchouxpastryandN226chocolatefl__oredtea.Thechouxpastryisamouthfulofairypecan-fl__oredwhippedcreamwhiletheteaablendofblackteasfromChinaand__yloncocoaandrosepetalsoffersamoresubtlefragran__offlowersandchocolate.Orderingthesetwoitemsfeaturingamutedsweetness__kesiteasierforyoutofitintoyourlittleblackdress.Breakfastbrunchlunchandlightsupperarealsoservedatthetearoomahubof__nyculturesandtakesinamixofdifferentstylesofFrenchcuisinesaccordingtothe__nagementteam.Thesemi-cookedfoiegrasterrineisseductiveandde__ptive.It’sgenerouslyservedatthesizeandshapeofatoastwhiletheactualbriochetoastisbakedintoacurvedsli__dippedwithfigchutney.Thefl__orhoweverishonest:strong__oothandsublime.Andyoudon’tactuallyneedthetoastforcrunchiness.Thisistheseasonforhighteaswithdaintycupsoffinechinaandlittlepastriesthatappealtobothvisualandphysicalappetites.Butthereisonehighteawithadifferen__andPaulineD.Lohfindsoutjustexactlywhyitisspecial.EarlGreyteaand__caronsareallverywellforthecrucialrecuperativebreakin-betweenintensiveboutsofholidayseasonshopping.Andforthosewhoprefers__orytosweetthereisstilltheselectionofclassicChinesesnackscalleddimsumtosatisfyandsatiate.Highteaisamealtoeatwitheyeandmouthanin-betweenindulgen__thatshouldbelightenoughnottospoildinnerbutsufficientlyrobusttotaketheedgeoffthehungerthatstrikeshoursafterlunch.TheafternoonteaspecialatShang-XiattheFourSeasonsHotelPudonghasjusttherightelements.Itisapamperingmealwithtouchesofluxurythat__kethehighteasessionatreatinitself.WholebabyabalonesarebraisedandthentoppedonashortcrustpastryshellasortofChineseversionoftheWesternvol-au-ventbutclassier.Evenclassieristhedimsumstapleshrimpdumplingorhargowupgradedwiththeadditionofsliversofmidnightdarktruffles.Thisisa__stertouchandchefSimonChoiwhopresidesunchallengedatShang-Xihasscoredawinneragain.Sweetprawnsandaro__tictruffles—what’snottoloveHis__sterfulcraft__anshipisexhibitedinyetanotherpastry—asweetpastrythatisshapedtolooklikeawalnutbutwhichyoucanputstraightintothemouth.Itcrumblesimmediatelyandtheslightlysweetnuttymorselissoeasytoeatyou’llprobablyreachstraightforanother.Myf__oriteisthedessertthatgoesbythenameyangzhiganluorambrosiafromthegods.Thehotelcallsitchilled__ngocreamwithsagopomeloandbird’snest–__dewithingre___ntsthatresonatewitheveryfe__lesoul.Itdoestastelikeambrosiawiththesweet-sourfragran__ofthe__ngoformingthefirstlayeroftasteandsensationandthepomelosacsandsagopearlsprovidingthetactilecontrast.Thebird’snest—it’stheingre___ntthatgildsthelilysin__itissupposedtonourishandnurtureaperfectcomplexion.Forthoseunfamiliarwiththisexoticingre___ntthebird’snestisnotabundleoftwigsbutisinsteadthedriedsecretionthatc__eswiftsusetobuildtheirnest.Technicallyit’sbirdsalivabuttheChinesebelievethatithascollagen-boostingpropertiesessentialtobeauty.Tomeitjusttastesgoodaddingaslightgelatinouscrunchtothebackoftheteeth.Thereisalsoabakedmushroompuffpastrythatincludesthehighlyprized__tsutakeorpinemushroom.Youalsogetachoi__ofteasbutIstronglyrecommendtheagedPu’erfromYunnanprovin__.Itisamellowteathatwillgoperfectlywiththerichlittlenuggetsandwillwarmyouuponacoldafternoon.IncidentallythegeneralguideisgreenteasuchasLong___gorDragonwellforthehotseasonsemi-fermentedteaslikeWu-longorIronBuddhaforautumnandmorewarmingteaslikePu’erforwinter.TheShang-Xiafternoonteacosts228yuan$37perpersonand388yuanforthemoreopule。