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甲路工艺伞 纸伞诞生在春秋战国时期,最初是鲁班用木材制成的,当时,在制作和携带上较为不便,鲁班的妻子云氏进行了改造,于是,油纸伞就这样诞生了油纸伞由于轻巧,便于外出携带,很快便传开了宋代相丞马廷鸾(甲路张氏女婿)逸居甲路时,从京城带了一把油纸伞从此,甲路人便不断改进工艺,开始生产油纸伞 一把小小的甲路伞古朴、轻巧,看似简单,但要制作一把上好的甲路伞,是件不容易的事手工制作不用说了,首先要选好材料——竹子、皮纸、桐油、丝绸……最关键的是竹子,伞的骨架是用竹子削成的竹子质地坚硬极富有弹性,不易折断,这正是甲路伞所采用竹制伞架的特色优点唯一的缺点是易遭虫蛀,霉变所以,手工削好的伞架必须进行严格的高温蒸煮,太阳暴晒及烘烤接下来是装键、裱皮纸、绘伞花、修卷上油、穿花线、结顶,近三十道工序------------------------------伞骨http://auction
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66.jhtmlpm=25---甲路伞 甲天下 传说,康熙年间,婺源属安徽,当时徽戏盛行有一次,康熙皇帝微服私访江南,正赶上露天戏台看戏,不巧天下着雨,前排有人撑伞挡住了后排人的视线,性急的顽童就用石子击打石子是击中了雨伞,却反弹出来,打破了旁边的一把雨伞康熙皇帝觉得奇怪,即刻叫人打听结果完好无损的是甲路产的,而被击破的那把产自它地从此,“甲路伞,甲天下”便传开了一时间甲路伞便随着徽商的足迹走遍了长江流域当时,民谣唱道“景德镇的瓷器,甲路的伞,杭州的丝绸不用拣” 1936年,在国际产品博览会上,甲路伞获得金奖 ---------伞是我国首创,据传是鲁班的妻子云氏发明的《孔子家语》中说“孔子之郯,遭程子于途,倾盖而语”这里的“盖”就是指“伞”《史记·五帝纪》记有与伞同类的雨具,可见伞在我国已有四千多年历史了最早称伞为“华盖”,唐朝李延寿写的《南史》和《北史》才正式为伞定名古时的伞,是达官显贵的装饰品和士大夫权势的象征物,帝王将相出巡时,长柄扇、“万民伞”左簇右拥,乘坐的车舆上张着伞,表示“荫庇百姓”官位、职务不同,“罗伞”的大小、颜色都严格区分,这一惯例一直传到明朝纸伞是汉朝以后出现的,唐朝时传入__,16世纪才传入欧洲意大利艺术__达·芬奇受伞的启发,设计了第一个降落伞18世纪发明的伞齿轮,也是仿照伞的截面形状设计的--1957年,北京师范大学老焱若教授从人体肘关节能曲能伸受到启发,想到若能根据这个原理,制造一种像人的肘关节一样伸曲灵活的折叠伞,人们携带起来就方便多了,于是,他对现行伞进行改进,设计出了图纸,并亲手制定出__工艺及模具设计,最后与北京一家机械__厂——中孚工厂达成协仪,由该厂承制并销售折叠伞因其携带方便而深受广大群众欢迎,没过多久,便在全国各地流行开来——摘自http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/
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20.jpg\*MERGEFORMAT第一批省级非物质文化遗产代表作名录申报项目——油纸伞民间手工技艺简介油纸伞,起源春秋战国时期,是我国最为古老的主要雨具,解放前及初期一直沿用它是鲁班的妻子云氏从建于园林中、风景胜地,供游人避雨休憩的凉亭中受到启发而设计制造出来的宋代相丞马廷鸾(甲路张氏女婿)逸居甲路时,从京城带了一把油纸伞从此,甲路人便不断改进工艺,世代相传制伞,且作出名气,1936年曾获得国际产品博览会金奖制作技艺古朴,造型美观大方,结构布局合理,取材用料独特科学;伞面题诗作画,寄情寓意,其中赠予、受用,饱满着浓郁的婺源“书乡”风情一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一 制伞工序全为手工,取材用料考究,独特目前尚能传授艺技的,只有婺源甲路村三位年近八旬的老艺人,亟待保护和传承所用原材料,多数偏紧缺,其中的油柿树处于濒危状态,抢救保护工作是势在必行一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一制伞技艺古朴科学,主要工序为削伞骨——锯葫芦——组合伞架——煮晒伞架——装伞键——裱皮纸——伞面题画——修卷伞页——漆桐油——穿饰线——套柄锤——结伞顶一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一------------制伞原材料采用考究,独到,需人工栽培,专门__方可派用伞面取用皮纸,质地柔韧而薄,纤维交错均匀,是婺源源口村民间世代相传的,用网状纸帘,手工抄造而成的其主要原料为纸皮树,俗称“鸟皮树”,四季可采伐,虽为野生植物,但也不多再者,油柿树,其为柿子树的变种,夏初开花,处暑前采果,果实比食用的柿子小,金黄色,味极涩,从中提取之汁,俗称“柿油”,专供裱伞之用油柿树,野生甚少,主要为人工栽培,10——12年方可结果,80年代婺源尚有100余株,目前不足10株因其果味极涩,只供取柿油,尚存者有可能遭砍绝还有一种为漆伞用油也是采用原始手工技艺,__而成的这里用到的油桐树,又称“三年桐”,初夏开花,立冬后采果,其种子含乳浆,榨出之油,就是膝伞用的“桐油”油桐树,也为人工栽培,两年可收获,只是五年后需更新,目前婺源北方偏远山区还有,但不多同时要用到的毛竹和水竹(又称“伞柄竹”),婺源居多,三五年可采伐,水竹相对较为紧缺※ 工 艺 伞 结 构 ※ ※内部结构甲路短骨支撑着长骨其间彩色饰线穿连呈简朴图案美观而牢固;伞杆下端或罩手把或绕藤条;把底串联中国结和玉佩,风格别致 HYPERLINKhttp://auction
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