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LawofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaonWaterandSoilConservationAdoptedatthe20thMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheSeventhNationalPeoplesCongressonJune291991andpromulgatedbyOrderNo.49ofthePresidentofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaonJune291991ContentsChapterIGeneralProvisionsChapterIIPreventionChapterIIIRehabilitationChapterIVSupervisionChapterVLegalResponsibilityChapterVISupplementaryProvisionsChapterIGeneralProvisionsArticle1ThisLawisformulatedforthepurposesofthepreventionandcontrolofsoilerosiontheprotectionandrationalutilizationofwaterandsoilresour__sthemitigationofdisastersofflooddroughtandsandstormtheimprovementofecologicalenviro__entandthedevelopmentofproduction.Article2AsusedinthisLawthetermwaterandsoilconservationmeanspreventiveandrehabilitativemeasurestakenagainstsoilerosionwhichiscausedbynaturalfactorsorhu__nactivities.Article3Allunitsandindividualsshallh__etheobligationtoprotectwaterandsoilresour__spreventandcontrolsoilerosionandalsoh__etherighttoreportagainstanyunitorindividualthatda__geswaterandsoilresour__sandcausessoilerosion.Article4TheStateshallinrelationtotheworkofwaterandsoilconservationimplementthepolicyofpreventionfirstoverallplanningcomprehensivepreventionandcontroladoptionofmeasuressuitedtolocalconditionsstrengthening__nagementandstressonbeneficialresults.Article5TheStateCouncilandthelocalpeoplesgover__entsshallregardtheworkofwaterandsoilconservationasanimportantdutyandadoptmeasurestoensurethepreventionandcontrolofsoilerosion.Article6ThedepartmentofwateradministrationundertheStateCouncilshallbeinchargeoftheworkofwaterandsoilconservationthroughoutthecountry.Thedepartmentsofwateradministrationunderthelocalpeoplesgover__entsatorabovethecountylevelshallbeinchargeoftheworkofwaterandsoilconservationinareasundertheirrespectivejurisdiction.Article7ThedepartmentofwateradministrationundertheStateCouncilandthoseunderthelocalpeoplesgover__entsatorabovethecountylevelshallonthebasisofinvestigationandasses__entofwaterandsoilresour__sdrawupwaterandsoilconservationplansinconjunctionwithotherdepartmentscon__rned.Suchwaterandsoilconservationplansshallbesu__ecttotheapprovalbythepeoplesgover__entsatthecorrespondinglevels.Anywaterandsoilconservationplanapprovedbythelocalpeoplesgover__entatorabovethecountylevelshallbesubmittedtothedepartmentofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entatthenexthigherlevelfortherecord.Anymodificationtobe__detoanapprovedwaterandsoilconservationplanshallbesubmittedforapprovaltotheoriginalapprovingdepartment.Thepeoplesgover__entsatorabovethecountylevelshallincorporatethetasksspecifiedinthewaterandsoilconservationplansintotheirrespectiveplansfornationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentallocatespecialfundsthereforandorganizetheimplementationthereof.Thepeoplesgover__entsatorabovethecountylevelshallinlinewiththeactualconditionsofsoilerosiondesignatekeyareasonwhichpreventiveandrehabilitativeeffortsagainstsoilerosionshallbefocused.Article8Unitsandindividualsengagedinproductionandconstructionactivitieswhich__ycausesoilerosionmustadoptmeasurestoprotectthewaterandsoilresour__sandshallberesponsibletotakerehabilitativemeasuresagainstthesoilerosionresultedfromtheirproductionandconstructionactivities.Article9Thepeoplesgover__entsatvariouslevelsshallintensifythepublicityofandeducationinwaterandsoilconservationandpopularizescientificknowledgecon__rningwaterandsoilconservation.Article10TheStateshallencouragetheresearchinandraisethelevelofscien__andtechnologyofwaterandsoilconservationpopularizetheadvan__dtechnologyinwaterandsoilconservationandtraininaplannedwayscientificandtechnologicalpersonnelinthefieldofwaterandsoilconservation.Article11Unitsandindividualsthath__e__deoutstandingachievementsinthepreventionandcontrolofsoilerosionshallbeawardedbythepeoplesgover__ent.ChapterIIPreventionArticle12Thepeoplesgover__entsatvariouslevelsshallorganizeeverycitizentoengageinafforestationandencouragetheplantingofgrasstherebyenlargingforest-coveredareasandincreasingvegetation.Article13Thelocalpeoplesgover__entsatvariouslevelsshallinlightofrespectiveactualconditionsorganizeagriculturalcollectiveeconomicorganizationsaswellasState-ownedagriculturalforestandlivestockfarmstoplantfirewoodforestsforageandgreen__nurecropsandtoconductinaplannedwaytheclosingofhillsidesforfacilitatingafforestationandgrowinggrassandtherotationofclosingandgrazingperiodssoastocheckwindsfixdriftingsandandpreservevegetation.Destroyingforestorburningvegetationforlandrecla__tionandstrippingvegetationanddigginguptreestumpsonsteephillslopesorinaridregionsshallbeprohibited.Article14Recla__tionofhillsideswithaslopeofover25degreesforcultivationofcropsshallbeprohibited.Thepeoplesgover__entsofprovin__sautonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyunderthe__ntralGover__ent__yinlinewiththeactualconditionsoftheareasundertheirrespectivejurisdictionprescribetherecla__tion-forbiddenslopeofbelow25degrees.Thespecificareaoftherecla__tion-forbiddenslopeshallbedeterminedandannoun__dbythelocalpeoplesgover__entatthecountylevel.Anyonewhohasconductedrecla__tionforcultivationofcropsontherecla__tion-forbiddenslopesbeforetheentryintofor__ofthisLawshallonthebasisofcapitalfarmingconstructionandinthelightoftheactualconditionsgraduallystopthecultivationandinsteadplanttreesgrowgrassandrestorethevegetationorbuildterra__dfieldsthereon.Article15Anyonewhoreclaimswastehillsideswithaslopeofabove5degreesbutundertheprescribedrecla__tion-forbiddendegreesmustobtainpriorapprovalfromthedepartmentofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entatthecountylevel;anyonewhointendstoreclaimwastehillslopesownedbytheState__yapplytothepeoplesgover__entatorabovethecountylevelforgoingthroughthepro__duresforlandrecla__tiononlyafterobtainingapprovalfromthedepartmentofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entatthecountylevel.Article16Fellingofforesttreesmustbecarriedoutinarational__nnerandinlinewiththelocalconditionsandclearfellingshallbestrictlycontrolled.Preventivemeasuresagainstsoilerosionshallbeadoptedinthefellingareasandonskidtrailsandreforestationshallbeaccomplishedingoodtimeafterthefelling.Withrespecttoprotectiveforestssuchasthoseforwatersupplyconservationwaterandsoilconservationwindbreakandsand-fixationfellingisonlypermittedfortendingandregenerationofforests.Foranyfellinginaforestareawaterandsoilconservationmeasuresforthefellingareaworkedoutinaccordan__withtheprovisionsofthepre__dingparagraphmustbeincludedinthefellingplanthereof.Afterthefellingplanisapprovedbythedepartmentofforestryadministrationthewaterandsoilconservationmeasuresforthefellingareashallbeimplementedunderthesupervisionofthedepartmentsofwateradministrationandforestryadministration.Article17Waterandsoilconservationmeasuresmustbeadoptedtopreventsoilerosionwhenpreparationsforafforestationtendingofyounggrowthandcultivationofcommoditytreessuchasoil-teacamelliaandtungtreearedoneonhillsideswithaslopeofabove5degrees.Article18Intheconstructionofarailwayhighwayorwaterprojectthedisturban__ofvegetationshallbeminimized;wastesandrocksandearththuscreatedmustbedisposedofinanareaspeciallydesignatedforthepurposeandshallnotbedumpedoutintoanyriverlakereservoiroranyditchorc____otherthanthespeciallydesignatedarea;slopeprotectionmustbebuiltorotherland__nagementmeasuresadoptedonhillslopeswithinthefrontageoftherailwayandhighway;aftertheprojectiscompletedtreesmustbeplantedandgrassgrownontheearth-fetchingareaexc__atedlandsu_____andtheexposedlandsu_____forthedispositionofwastesandrockandearthinordertopreventsoilerosion.Intheestablishmentofaminingorelectricalpowerenterpriseoranyotherlargeormedium-sizedindustrialenterprisetheabandonedstrippedtopsoilwasterocktailingsandresiduesmustbedisposedofinaspeciallydesignatedareaandshallnotbedumpedoutintoanyriverlakereservoiroranyditchorc____otherthanthespeciallydesignatedarea.Ifthevegetationisda__gedonaccountoftheminingorconstructionmeasuresmustbetakentorehabilitatethetopsoilandvegetationtherebypreventingsoilerosion.Article19Whentheconstructionofarailwayhighwayorawaterprojectiscarriedoutaminingorelectricalpowerenterpriseoranyotherlargeormedium-sizedindustrialenterpriseisestablishedinamountainoushillyorsandstormareatheenviro__entalimpactstatementfortheprojectmustincludeawaterandsoilconservationprogrammeapprovedbythedepartmentofwateradministration.Thewaterandsoilconservationprogrammeshallbedrawnupinaccordan__withtheprovisionsofArticle18ofthisLaw.Whereatownshipcollectiveminingenterpriseistobesetuporanindividualistoapplyformininginaccordan__withtheprovisionsoftheLawonMineralResour__sinamountainoushillyorsandstormareaawaterandsoilconservationprogrammeapprovedbythedepartmentofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entatorabovethecountylevelmustbesubmittedbeforetheapplicationforgoingthroughtheapprovingpro__duresforminingoperationis__de.Waterandsoilconservationfacilitiesinaconstructionprojectmustbedesignedconstructedandputintooperationsimultaneouslywiththeprincipalpartoftheproject.Whenaconstructionprojectiscompletedandcheckedforac__ptan__thewaterandsoilconservationfacilitiesshallbecheckedforac__ptan__atthesametimewithpersonnelfromthedepartmentofwateradministrationparticipating.Article20Thelocalpeoplesgover__entsatvariouslevelsshalltakemeasurestostrengthenthecontroloversuchproductionactivitiesasminingearth-fetchingsand-diggingandquarryingsoastopreventsoilerosion.Earth-fetchingsand-diggingandquarryingshallbeprohibitedinareasindangerofland-collapsingorland-slidingorwheremud-rockflowisliabletooccur.Thescopeofsuchareasshallbedeterminedandannoun__dbythelocalpeoplesgover__entsatorabovethecountylevel.ChapterIIIRehabilitationArticle21Thepeoplesgover__entsatorabovethecountylevelshallinaccordan__withthewaterandsoilconservationplansorganizecompetentadministrativedepartmentsandunitscon__rnedtoengageinaplannedwayintherehabilitationofsoilerosion.Article22Inawater-erodedregionbytakinga__allriverbasincomprisingthenaturalr__inesandflankinghillslopesasaunitacomprehensivesystemforthepreventionandcontrolofsoilerosionshallbesetuponthebasisofoverallplanningandcomprehensiverehabilitation.Inawind-erodedregionsuchmeasuresasexploitationofwaterresour__swaterdiversionforsandremovalplantingoftreesandgrowingofgrassinstallationofartificialsand-breakandforestnetworkshallbeadoptedtobuildaprotectivesystemforwindbreakandsand-fixationtherebycontrollinghazardsofsandstorms.Article23TheStateshallencouragetheagriculturalcollectiveeconomicorganizationsandfarmersinsoil-erodedregionstocarryoutrehabilitationofsoilerosionandshallalsopractiseapolicyofgivingsupportastofundenergygraintaxationetc.;thespecificmeasuresthereofshallbeprescribedbytheStateCouncil.Article24Thelocalpeoplesgover__entsatvariouslevelsshallorganizeagriculturalcollectiveeconomicorganizationsandfarmersto__nageinaplannedwaythecultivatedlandwithaslopeofabove5degreesbutundertherecla__tion-forbiddendegreesbytakinginlinewithdifferentconditionssuchwaterandsoilconservationmeasuresasregulatingdrainagesystemsbuildingterra__dfieldsandpractisingamethodofcultivationconducivetowaterandsoilconservation.Article25Insoil-erodedregionsanyindividualwhocontractsfortheuseoflandownedbythecollectiveshallincludetheresponsibilityofrehabilitatingsoilerosioninthecontract.Article26Therehabilitationofsoilerosiononbarrenhillswastevalleysbarrenhillocksanddesolatedbeaches__ybecontractedtoagriculturalcollectiveeconomicorganizationsindividualfarmersorleaseholdinghouseholdgroups.Wheretherehabilitationofsoilerosiononbarrenhillswastevalleysbarrenhillocksordesolatedbeachesarecontractedoutcontractsfortherehabilitationofsoilerosionshallbeconcludedaccordingtotheprincipleofthebenefitsderivedtherefromtobeenjoyedbythecontractorsfortherehabilitation.Thetreesplantedonaccountofthecontractedrehabilitationandthefruitsyieldedtherefromshallbelongtothecontractors;andthelandexpandedasaresultofthecontractedrehabilitationshallbeusedbythecontractors.TheStateshallprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofthepartiestoacontractforrehabilitation.Withinthetermofthecontractedrehabilitationifacontractor___shisorhersuc__ssors__yinaccordan__withtheagreementsstipulatedinthecontractcontinuetoundertakethecontract.Article27Anyenterpriseorinstitutionmustinthecourseofconstructionorproductionadoptwaterandsoilconservationmeasuresandshallberesponsiblefortherehabilitationofthesoileroded.Ifanenterpriseorinstitutionisunabletocarryouttherehabilitationthedepartmentofwateradministrationshallundertakethetaskandthecostthusentailedshallbebornebytheenterpriseorinstitutionthathascausedthesoilerosion.Theexpensesforthepreventionandcontrolofsoilerosionarisinginthecourseofconstructionshallbeallocatedfromthecapitalconstructioninvestment;theexpensesforthepreventionandcontrolofsoilerosionarisinginthecourseofproductionshallbeallocatedfromtheproductioncost.Article28Thepeoplesgover__entsatorabovethecountylevelshallorganizedepartmentscon__rnedtoinspectforac__ptan__thewaterandsoilconservationfacilitiesbuiltandthetreesandgrassplantedinsoil-erodedregions.The__nagementandprotectionofwaterandsoilconservationfacilitiesexperimentalsitestreesandgrassplantedandotherrehabilitationachievementsshallbestrengthened.ChapterIVSupervisionArticle29ThedepartmentofwateradministrationundertheStateCouncilshallestablishamonitoringnetworkforwaterandsoilconservationsoastoconductmonitoringandpredictionofthenation-widesoilerosiondevelopmentsandpubliclyannoun__theresultsthereof.Article30Personnelinchargeofsupervisionoverwaterandsoilconservationinthedepartmentsofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entsatorabovethecountylevelshallh__etherighttocarryouton-the-spotinspectiononthesituationsofsoilerosionandthepreventionandcontrolthereofinareasundertheirrespectivejurisdiction.Unitsandindividualsthatarebeinginspectedmusttruthfullyreportthesituationsandprovidene__ssaryworkingconditionsfortheinspection.Article31Anydisputearisingamongregionsoverthepreventionandcontrolofsoilerosionshallbesolvedthroughconsultation;ifnosettlementisreachedthroughconsultationthecaseshallbehandledbythepeoplesgover__entatthenexthigherlevel.ChapterVLegalResponsibilityArticle32InthecaseofanyviolationoftheprovisionsinArticle14ofthisLawbycultivatingcropsonrecla__tion-forbiddenhillslopesthedepartmentofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entatthecountylevelshallorderthe__ssationoftherecla__tionandtheadoptionofremedialmeasuresand__yalsoimposeafine.Article33Whereanyenterpriseinstitutionoragriculturalcollectiveeconomicorganizationwithoutapprovalofthedepartmentofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entatthecountylevelreclaimswastehillsideswithaslopeofabove5degreesbutundertherecla__tion-forbiddendegreesthedepartmentofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entatthecountylevelshallorderthe__ssationoftherecla__tionandtheadoptionofremedialmeasuresand__yalsoimposeafine.Article34Inthecaseofearth-fetchingsand-diggingorquarryinginareasindangerofland-collapsingorland-slidingorwheremud-rockflowisliabletooccurasdesignatedbythelocalpeoplesgover__entatorabovethecountylevelthedepartmentofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entatorabovethecountylevelshallorderthe__ssationoftheabovelaw-breakingactsandtheadoptionofremedialmeasuresandshallalsoimposeafine.Article35Inthecaseoftree-fellinginforestareaswithoutadoptingwaterandsoilconservationmeasuresthuscausingserioussoilerosionthedepartmentofwateradministrationshallreportthereontothepeoplesgover__entatorabovethecountylevelforadecisiontoorderarectificationwithinafixedperiodoftimeandtheadoptionofremedialmeasuresandshallalsoimposeafine.Article36Anyenterpriseorinstitutionthatcausessoilerosioninthecourseofconstructionorproductionandfailstocarryoutrehabilitation__yinlightoftheharmfulconsequen__sthusentailedbepunishablewithafineorbeinstructedtosuspenditsbusinessforpurposesofrehabilitation;theresponsiblepersonscon__rnedshallbesu__ectedtoadministrativesanctionsbytheunittowhichtheybelongorbythecompetentdepartmentsathigherlevels.Theimpositionofafineshallbesu__ecttoadecisionbythepeoplesgover__entatthecountylevelonareportsubmittedbythedepartmentofwateradministrationunderthepeoplesgover__entatthecountylevel.Thedecisiononorderingthesuspensionofbusinessforpurposesofrehabilitationshallbe__debythepeoplesgover__entatthemunicipalorcountylevel;thesuspensionofbusinessforpurposesofrehabilitationforanenterpriseorinstitutiondirectlyunderthe__ntralGover__entorapeoplesgover__entattheprovinciallevelshallbereportedtotheStateCouncilortheprovincialpeoplesgover__entforapproval.Anyindividualwhoengagesinminingcausessoilerosionandfailstocarryoutrehabilitationshallbepunishedinaccordan__withtheprovisionsofthepre__dingtwoparagraphs.Article37Whoeverhindersbyuseofviolen__orthreattheperfor__n__ofdutyaccordingtoLawbypersonnelinchargeofsupervisionoverwaterandsoilconservationshallbeinvestigatedforcriminalresponsibilityaccordingtolaw;thosewhorefusetoac__ptorhinderstheperfor__n__ofdutybypersonnelinchargeofsupervisionoverwaterandsoilconservationbutwithoutresortingtoviolen__oruseofthreatshallbepunishedbythepublicsecurityorganinaccordan__withtheRegulationsonAdministrativePenaltiesforPublicSecurity.Article38Ifany_____isnotsatisfiedwiththedecisiononadministrativesanctionsit__ywithin15daysafterthere__iptofthenoti__ofsanctionsapplyforreconsiderationtotheorganatthenexthigherlevelovertheonethathas__dethedecision.The_______yalsodirectlybringasuitinapeoplescourtwithin15daysafterthere__iptofthesaidnoti__.Thereconsiderationorganshallwithin60daysafterthere__iptoftheapplicationforreconsideration__keareconsiderationdecision.Ifthe_____con__rnedisnotsatisfiedwiththereconsiderationdecisionit__ywithin15daysafterthere__iptofthereconsiderationdecisionbringasuitinapeoplescourt.Ifthereconsiderationorganfailsto__keareconsiderationdecisionwithinthetimelimitthe_______ywithin15daysaftertheexpirationofthetermforreconsiderationbringasuitinapeoplescourt.Ifa_____neitherappliesforreconsiderationnorbringsasuitinapeoplescourtwithinthetimelimitnorcomplieswiththedecisiononsanctionstheorganthathas__dethedecision__yapplytoapeoplescourtforcompulsoryexecution.Article39Anyindividualorunitthatcausesda__gefromsoilerosionshallbeartheresponsibilityofremovingtheda__geandshallcompensatetheunitsandindividualsthath__edirectlysufferedtheda__ge.Anydisputeovertheliabilityoramountofcompensation__yupontherequestbya_____bedealtwithbythedepartmentofwateradministration;ifthe_____isnotsatisfiedwiththedecisionthus__deit__ybringasuitinapeoplescourt.The_______yalsodirectlybringasuitinapeoplescourt.Incaseofirresistiblenaturaldisastersifda__gefromsoilerosioncannotbe__oideddespiteoftakingreasonablemeasurespromptlytheindividualorunitcon__rnedshallbeexemptedfromliability.Article40IncaseapersoninchargeofsupervisionoverwaterandsoilconservationderelictshisorherdutyorabuseshisorherpowerandthusbringslossestothepublicpropertyortheinterestsoftheStateandthepeopleadministrativesanctionsshallbeenfor__dbytheunittowhichtheoffenderbelongsorbythecompetentdepartmentatahigherlevel;iftheoffen__constitutesacrimetheoffendershallbeinvestigatedforcriminalresponsibilityaccordingtolaw.ChapterVISupplementaryProvisionsArticle41TheStateCouncilshallformulatetheimplementingregulationsinaccordan__withthisLaw.Thestandingcommitteesofthepeoplescongressesoftheprovin__sautonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyunderthe__ntralGover__ent__yinaccordan__withthisLawandinthelightoftherespectiveactualconditionsformulatemeasuresofimplementation.Article42ThisLawshallgointoeffectasofthedateofpromulgation.TheRegulationsontheWorkofWaterandSoilConservationpromulgatedbytheStateCouncilonJune301982shallbeannulledsimultaneously.PAGE8。