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主题:英语构词法一些常用的词缀和词根掌握一些英语构词法,对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助,下面笔者列举一些常用的词缀和词根一.常见的前缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀1纯否定前缀a-an-asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis-dishonestdislikein-ig-ilimirincapableinabilityignobleimpossibleimmoralillegalirregularne-n-noneneithernevernon-noesenseneg-neglectun-unableunemployment2表示错误的意义__le-__l-__lfunction__ladjustment失调mis-mistakemisleadpseudo-pseudonym假名pseudoscien__3表示反动作的意思de-defenddemodulation解调dis-disarmdisconnectun-unloaduncover4表示相反,相互对立意思anti-ant-antiknock防震antiforeign排外的contra-contre-contro-contradictioncontroflow逆流counter-counterreactioncounterbalan__ob-oc-of-op-o__ectopposeoccupywith-withdrawwithstand
2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀1a-表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboardaside2by-表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypathbypass弯路3circum-circu-表示“周围,环绕,回转”circumstan__circuit4de-表示“在下,向下”des__nddegrade5en-表示“在内,进入”encageenbed上床6ex-ec-es-表示“外部,外”exiteclipseexpandexport7extra-表示“额外”extraction(提取)8fore-表示“在前面”foreheadforeground9in-il-im-ir-表示“向内,在内,背于”inlandinvadeinsideimport10inter-intel-表示“在……间,相互”internationalinteractioninternet11intro-表示“向内,在内,内侧”introdu__introdu__12medi-med-mid-表示“中,中间”Mediterraneanmidposition13out-表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outlineoutsideoutward14over-表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlookoverheadoverboard15post-表示向后,在后边,次”postscript附言,16pre-表示在前”在前面”prefixprefa__preposition17pro-表示“在前,向前”progresspro__ed18sub-suc-suf-sug-sum-sup-sur-sus-表示“在下面,下”subwaysub__rinesuffixsuppresssupplement19super-sur-表示“在…..之上”superficialsu_____superstructure20trans-表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translatetransformtranso__anic21under-表示“在…..下面,下的”underlineundergroundunderwater22up-表示“向上,向上面,在上”upwardupholduphill上坡
3.表示时间,序列关系的前缀1ante-anti-表示“先前,早于,预先”ante__dentanticipate2ex-表示“先,故,旧”expresidentexhu我的好友and3fore-表示“在前面,先前,前面”forewarddorecastfore____预言4mid-medi-表示“中,中间”midnightmidsummer5post-表示“在后,后”postwar6pre-pri-表示“在前,事先,预先”preheatprewarprehistory7pro-表示“在前,先,前”prologue序幕,prophet预言家8re-表示“再一次,重新”re____rewrite
4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1by-表示“副,次要的”byproductbywork副业2extra-表示“超越,额外”extraordinary3hyper-表示“超过,极度”hypersonic超声波hypertesion高血压4out-表示“超过,过分”outdo超过outbid出价过高的人5over-,表示“超过,过度,太”overeatoverdressoversleep6sub-suc-sur-表示“低,次,副,亚”subeditorsubordinatesubtropical亚热带7super-sur-表示“超过”supernaturesuperpowersurplussurpass8under-表示“低劣,低下”undersizeundergrownunderproduction生产不足9vi__-表示“副,次”vi__presidentvi__chair__n
5.表示共同,相等意思的前缀1com-cop-con-cor-co-表示“共同,一起”connectcombinecollectcombatcoexistco-operate2syn-syl-sym-表示“同,共,和,类”symmetrysympathysynthesis合成
6.表示整个完全意思的前缀1al-表示“完整,完全”alonealmost2over-表示“完全,全”overalloverflow充满3pan-表示“全,总,万”panenthei__泛神论,panora__
7.表示分离,离开意思的前缀1a-ab-abs-表示“分离,离开”awayapartabstractabstain2de-表示“离去,处去”departdecolour3dis-di-dif-表示“分离,离开”divor__disarm缴械4ex-e-表示“离开,分离”expelexcludeexpatriate驱出国外5for-表示“离开,脱离”forgetforgive6表示“离开”releaseresolve7表示“分离,隔离”separatesedu__select
8.表示通过,遍及意思的前缀1dia-表示“通过,横过”diameterdiagram2per-pel-表示“通,总,遍”perfectperformpervade浸透3trans-表示“横过,贯通”transparenttran__ittransport
9.表示加强意思的前缀a-arouseashamedad-adjoinadhere粘着
10.表示变换词类作用的前缀be-befrienden-ensl__eenableenrichad-ac-af-ag-an-ap-ar-as-at-adaptaccordaffixaggressionarriveassistattendattractarrangeassign委派
11.表示数量关系的前缀1表示“单一”,“一”mon-mon-monotone单调,monopolymonarchuni-un-uniformuni__llular单细胞2表示“二,两,双”ambi-ambiguousamphibian两栖类bi-bin-bicycledi-diode二级管,twi-twilight3表示“十”decadeco-dec-deci-decadedeci__ls4表示百,百分子一hecto-hect-hectometer__nti-__ntimeter5表示千,千分子一”kilo-kilometer6表示万,万分子一”myria-myri-myriametremega-meg-megabytemicro-microvolt微伏特7表示许多,复,多数”multi-mult-multipmetre万用表poly-polysyllable8表示“半,一半”hemi-hemispheredemi-demiofficialsemi-semiconductorsemitransparentpene-pen-peninsula
12.表示特殊意义的前缀1arch-表示“首位,第一的,主要的”architectarchbishop2auto-表示“自己,__,自动”automobileautobiography3bene-表示“善,福”benefit4eu-表示“优,美好”eugenics优生学,euphemi__5__le-__l-表示“恶,不良”__ltreatment__lodor6__cro-表示“大,宏大”__croscopic宏观7__gni-表示“大”__gnifi__nt8micro-表示“微”microscope
13.表示术语的前缀1aud-表示“听,声”au___n__2bio-表示“生命,生物”biography传记3ge-表示“地球,大地”geography4phon-表示“声,音调”phonograph5tele-表示“远离”televisiontelephone词根词汇表ambi两个都(来自拉丁文)ambidextrous左右手都很灵巧的ambiguity含糊,不明确ambiguous模糊的,不明确的ambivalen__正反感情并存,心情矛盾的ambultowalkambulatoryambleambulan__somnambulistamphi双边的,四周的(来自希腊语)amphibianadj.两栖类的水陆两用的n.两栖动物水陆两用飞机水陆两用的平底车辆amphibious两栖的amphibology模棱两可的言辞暧昧的词句amphipod片脚类动物amphitheatre阶梯教室美作amphitheater圆形剧场anniannu年(来自拉丁文)annals年鉴anniversary周年纪念annual每年一次的=yearlyannualring年轮annually每年一次地biannual每年两次的biennial每两年一次的__ntennial百年的triannual每年三次的triennial每三年一次的antebeforeanteroomantebellumantedateante__dentantediluviananti反,消解(来自希腊语)anti-aircraft防空的antiballisticmissile反弹道导弹antibiosis抗生antibody抗体anticlerical__教会权利的anticli__x突降法anticlockwise逆时针的anticyclone反气旋antidepressant抗抑郁的antidote解毒药antifreezen.防冻剂antigen抗原antihero反主角antilogy思想、用语前后矛盾anti__gnetic防磁的anti__larial抗疟疾的anti__tter反物质antimissile反导弹的antinovel非正统派小说antiparticle反粒子antipathy憎恶,反感antipode正相反的事物anti-Semite反犹份子antisocial不擅社交的非社交的___的antithesis对立面,立论antitoxin抗毒素antitrust反托拉斯aqua水(来自拉丁文)aquaculture水产业aqualung水中呼吸器,水肺aqua__rine绿玉碧绿色,海蓝色aquanaut轻装潜水员aquaplane滑水板aquarium水族馆,养鱼缸aquatic生长于水边或水中的aqueduct输水道aqueous水的,像水的aquiculture水栽培-arch__者anarchymonarchpatriarchhttp://___.wordquests.info/cgi/i...amp;HIGHLIGHT=archyastro星星(来自希腊语)asterisk星号asteroid小行星adj.星状的astrobiology天体生物学太空生物学astrodome天体观测窗astrolabe古代的天体观测仪星盘astrology占星术astronaut太空人宇航员astronautics太空__学astronomer天文学家astronomy天文学astrophysics天体物理学auditohearau___n__auditoryaudibleauditoriumaudiovisualauditionautoselfautomobileauto__ticautographautonomousautoimmunebene好,有益(来自拉丁文)benedict原来似乎坚决抱独身主义而新近结婚的男子benediction祝祷恩赐benefaction捐助benefactor恩人捐助者赠送者赞助人benefactress女施主女恩人benefi__圣俸,有俸之圣职benefi__n__善行仁慈慈善benefi__nt慈善的,仁慈的beneficial有益的beneficiary受惠者benefit利益benevolen__仁爱,善行benevolent慈善仁慈的benign良性良好亲切的benignant仁慈亲切的bidi二,双(其中bi来自拉丁文,di则是经由希腊语传入拉丁文的)biannualbicameralbi__ntenarybi__phalousbi__psbichloride=dichloridebicolourbicyclebiennialbifocalbifurcatebigamybilabialbilateralbilingualbi__nnualbimonthlybinarynotationorsystembinarystarbinauralbinocularsbinomialbipartisanbipartitebipedbipolarbisectbi___ualbisulphide=disulphidebivalent=divalentbiweeklybiyearlydichloridedichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneDDTdichotomydichro__ticdifferdifferen__differentiatedigly__ridesdigraphdilem__dioxidediphthongdivergedividedivor__biblio书(来自希腊语)bibliography____,书目biblio__nia嗜书如狂bibliophile书籍收藏者,或喜爱书籍者bibliophole书商,尤其是经营珍本者bio生命(来自希腊语)bioastronauticsbiochemistrybiocidebiocoenosisbiodegradablebioengineeringbioethicsbiographybiologybiologicalclockbiologicalcontrolbiologicalwa___rebiomedicinebiometrybionicsbionomicsalesscommonnameforecologybiophysicsbiopsybiosynthesisbiotechnologybiotic__nt(由拉丁语传至法语传至英语)bi__ntenarybi__ntennial__nt__ntenary__ntigrade__ntimeter__ntipede__nturytri__ntennialchrom色彩,颜色(来自希腊语)chro__ticchro__ticschromechromeyellowchromolighographchromosomechromospheremonochromechrono时间(来自希腊语)anachroni__chronicchroniclechronographchronologychronometercide杀,死亡(来自拉丁文)aborticideacaricidealgicideamicicide__icidebactericidebiocidebovicide__ticidecimicidedeicideecocideepiscopicidefelicidefemicidefeticidefilicidefilicidefoeticideformicidefratricidefungicidegenocidegermicidegiganticidegynaecideherbicidehomicideinfanticideinsecticidelupicide__riticide__tricidemiticidemuscicideovicideparasiticidepara_______parenticidepatricidepesticideprolicideraticideregiciderodenticidesenicideserpenticidesiblicidesororicidespeciocide_______tyrannicideurbicideursicideverbicidevulpicideweedicidecircus圆环,圆圈;circum四周(两者都来自拉丁文,后者又是来自前者,故列在一起)circlecircletcircuitcircuitouscircularcirculatecirculationcircu__mbientcircu__mbulatecircumcisecircumferen__circumfluouscircumfusecircumlocution婉转曲折的说法circumn__igatecircumscribe限制立界限circumspect慎重小心的circumstan__情况circumstantial不重要间接推论的circumvent包围胜过contracontrocounter相反(来自拉丁文)contra__ption避孕避孕法contradict否认矛盾contrary相反的contrast差异,对比,对照contr__ene抵触否定反驳controversy争论辩论controvert否定反驳争论counter__对抗counteract消解抵消counterattack__反击counterbalan__弥补使抵消counterclockwise=anticlockwise逆时针的counterfeit伪造假冒的counterin____igen__反__活动counter__nd撤回取消countermove对抗,反向动作counterpart极相似的人配对的东西countersign副署,连署;口令counterspy反__countervail抵消对抗cracy__形式,统治形式(来自希腊语)aristocracyautocracybureaucracydemocracygerontocracykakistocracymeritocracyoligocracyplutocracy____ocracystratocracytechnocracytheocracytimocracycredaccredit承认合格授权认为...属於归因creden__相信可信赖credentials证件介绍信credible可信可靠的credit信用信任相信归功於creditable值得称赞可称誉的credibilitycreditor债主credo信条cre____ty易信轻信credulous轻信的creed信条discredit不信任怀疑使失去权威性玷辱incredible不可信难以置信的incredulous不相信怀疑的incre____ty不信怀疑miscreant恶棍crypto-神秘的(由希腊语传至拉丁语传至英语)cryptcrypt____ysiscrypticcryptocrystallinecryptographdeca-deka-十(源自希腊语)deci-十分之一(由拉丁文传至法语传至英语)decadedecagondecahedrondecalitreDecaloguedecapoddecibeldeci__ldeci__lfractiondeci__lpointdeci__lsystemdeci__tedecimeterdemo-dem-人民,人口(源自希腊语)de__goguedemocracydemocratdemographydemoticepidemicder__to-der__--derm皮肤(由希腊语传至法语)der__titisder__tologyendodermhypodermisdict--dict说,言辞(源自拉丁文)abdicate让位放弃addict使热中专心於benediction祝福恩赐contradict相反__否定contradictious矛盾好反驳的dedicate献身委身dictate口授令人笔录命令dictator__者dictatorial__专横的diction用字遣词词藻语法dictionarydictum格言edict诏书敕令indicate显示indict控告interdict禁止jurisdiction管辖权司法权__lediction诅咒predicament困境predicate宣称断定使有根据predict预测预知预言syndicate企业组合valediction告别辞告别verdict判断判决vindicate辩明保护equi-=equal相等的adequateequable稳定平静的equal相等同样的equality平等相等equanimity平静镇定equate使相等equationequatorequidistantequilateralequilibrate使平衡使相称equilibrium平衡均衡equinoxequipoise平衡均衡使平衡equipollentequitable公平公正的equity公平公正equivalent相等等量的equivocal模棱两可可疑的inadequate不充分的iniquitous不公平的邪恶不法的iniquity邪恶不义之行为fore-在前(源自古英语)aforementioned前述的aforesaid前述上述的fore前面在前部的forearmforebear祖先forebode预示预言forecast预测预见先见之明forecourtforedoom事先注定forefather祖先forefootforefront最重要的地方最前锋之位置foregoing前面前述的foregone过去先前的foreground最引人注意之地位foreheadforeknow预知forelandforelegforelimbforelockfore__n工头领班foremost首要第一的forenameforenoonforepawforeplay(__前的)前戏forerunner前锋先驱foresee预知foreshadow预示预兆foreshockaftershockforeshoreforeshowforesight远见先见之明foreskin包皮,专业术语为prepu__forestall预先阻止fore____预测forethought预谋预筹forewarn预先警告foreword序前言引言forward前面前方的;向前;提升促进-gene产生-geny起源,演变方式,(经希腊语传至法语传至英语)degenerate衰败堕落堕落卑贱的engender产生酿成gender性性别gene基因genealogy宗谱家系generate引起产生generation产生发生一代子孙一族generic属的,类的,一般的genesis根源创造genetic基因的,遗传学的genital生殖的genus种类属homogeneous同类相似的indigenous土著土产天生的progenitor前辈祖先progeny成果产品子孙regenerate再生重生geo-地球,跟地球相关的,(来自希腊语)geo__ntricgeochronologygeodegeodesicgeodesygeodeticgeographicalmile=nauticalmilegeographygeologygeo__gneti__geometricgeometricmeangeometricprogressiongeometridgeometrygeomorphologygeophysicsgeopoliticsgeostaticsgeostationary-graph-ography-gram记录,书写,学问(自希腊语传至拉丁语传至英语)autobiographyautographbibliographybiographerbiographycalligraphycartographydemographygeographygram__rgraphicgraphicsgraphitegraphologyhistoriographylithographphotographphotographypolygraphstenographytelegramheterootherheterodoxheterogeneoushetero___ualheterodynehexses___sixhexagonhexametersestet___tupletshomosamehomogenizedhomo___ualhomonymhomophonehyperoverabovehyperactivehypertensivehyperbolichypersensitivehyperventilatehyperkinetichypobelowlessthanhypotensionhypodermichypogly__miahypoallergenicinfrabeneathinfraredinfrastructureinter在两者之间,或多者之中;一起,相互,(来自拉丁语)interaction交相影响交互作用interbreedinter__de说项调停inter__pt中途拦截中途逮捕inter__ptororinter__pterinter__ssioninterchange交换交替intercomintercommunicationintercostalintercourse交际交通intercurrentinte_____interfere干涉干预interfuseinterim中间时期过渡时期interior内部内在的interiorangleinterject插入interla__使组合使交织interlayinterleafinterlineinterlockinterlocutorinterlopeinterlude间隔的时间插曲inter__rryintermediary中间的intermediate中间的intermingle混合搀杂intermission休息时间中断intermittent间歇断续的intermixtureinternal内在内部的international国际的InternationalCourtofJusti__inHagueintheNetherlandsInternationalDateLineInterphoneinterplay相互影响交互作用interpolate添进插入字句interpose置于中间插入仲裁interpretinterrelateinterrogate讯问质问interrogation__rkquestion__rkinterrupt打断妨碍intersect相交贯穿inter___intersperse散置点缀intersti__裂缝空隙interval间隔时间间隔intervene插入干扰interviewinterwe__eintertwine交缠纠缠-i__行为;状态;过多,病;主义,具有个人特点的(经由希腊语传至拉丁文传至古法语传至英语)abolitioni__absoluti__absurdi__adoptioni__agei__agnostici__alarmi__albini__alcoholi__altrui__anarchi__animi__anthropo__ntri__at__i__athei__authoritariani__bapti__Bolshevi__brutali__Buddhi__Bushi__具有__风格的言行Calvini__capitali__Catholici____ntrali____集权制__ntri__中间路线,温和的言行charlatani__chauvini__classici__collectivi__coloniali__communi__conformi__Confuciani__conservati__constructivi__co__i__co__opolitani__critici__cronyi__cubi__cynici__Darwini__defeati__dei__despoti__determini__dog__ti__duali__ego__ntri__egoi__eliti__empirici__Epicureani__ethno__ntri__existentiali__expressioni__faddi__fanatici__fasci__fatali__femini__fetishi__feudali__finiti__fogyi__foot-fetishi__恋足僻for__li__fundamentali__geo__ntri__globali__graduali__hedoni__Hegeliani_____哲学Helleni__希腊文化,风格,精神等heroi__Hindui__hirsuti__historici__hoboi__hu__ni__hypnoti__ideali__i__gi__imperiali__impressioni__individuali__internationali_____goi__journali__Judai__Keynesiani__Know-Nothingi__lefti__Lenini__liberali__libertariani__locali____gneti____lapropi____oi____rxi____rxi__-Lenini____sochi____teriali__McCarthyi__mechani__melani__me__eri__metaboli__Methodi__militari__millenniali__modali__Monarchiani__monarchi__monetari__Mongoli__moni__monothei__morali__Mormoni__multiculturali__multilaterali__mystici__nationali__NationalSociali__nativi__naturali__neoclassici__nepoti__nihili__nudi__o__ectivi__ontologi__optimi__organi__orientali__pacifi__panthei__patrioti__pessimi__phallo__ntri__philhelleni__plagiari__platoni__poly__ntri__polythei__postcoloniali__postmoderni__prag__ti__primitivi__尚古主义,原始主义raci__radicali__rationali__reali__recidivi__regionali__relativi__republicani__revisioni__rheu__ti__righti__ro__ntici__sadi__sado-__sochi__sectariani__sectionali__seculari__sensuali__separati_____i__Shii__Shintoi__Sikhi__skeptici__socialDarwini__sociali__soleci__sophi__spiriti__spirituali__Spooneri__stati__stoici__structurali__surreali__Taoi__也写作Daoi__,道教te。