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Lesson55PatternsofCulture文化的模式文化的模式Customhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasu__ectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigationbutcustomh__eawayofthinkingisbeh__iouratitsmostcommonpla__.Asa__tteroffactitistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustomtakentheworldoverisa__ssofdetailedbeh__iourmoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactionsno__tterhowaberrant.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthe__tter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportan__isthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperien__andinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesit__y__nifest.No__neverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobingshecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisverycon__ptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillh__ereferen__tohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebeh__iouroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustomisastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothevernacularofhisfamily.Whenoneseriouslystu___sthesocialordersthath__ehadtheopportunitytodevelopautonomouslythefigurebecomesnomorethananexactand__tter-off-factobservation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanaccommodationtothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperien__andbeh__iour.Bythetimehecantalkheisthelittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivitiesitshabitsarehishabitsitsbeliefshisbeliefsitsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.Everychildthatisbornintohisgroupwillsharethemwithhimandnochildbornintooneontheoppositesideoftheglobecaneverachievethethousandthpart.Thereisnosocialproblemitismoreincumbentuponustounderstandthanthisoftheroleofcustom.Untilwearein____igentastoitslawsandvarietiesthe__incomplicatingfactsofhu__nlifemustre__inunin____igible.Thestudyofcustomcanbeprofitableonlyafter__rtainpreliminarypropositionsh__ebeenac__ptedandsomeofthesepropositionsh__ebeenviolentlyopposed.Inthefirstpla__anyscientificstudyrequiresthattherebenopreferentialweightingofoneoranotheroftheitemsintheseriesitselectsforitsconsideration.Inallthelesscontroversialfieldslikethestudyofcactiortermitesorthenatureofnebulaethene__ssarymethodofstudyistogrouptherelevant__terial特别说明本文档根据___新概念第四册(第二版)网络课堂Flash制作(转发请保持文档的完整性)只可用于学习交流,不得用于商业目的!!!-139–文字录入dale76整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson55andtotakenoteofallpossiblevariantformsandconditions.Inthiswayweh__elearnedallthatweknowofthelawsofastronomyorofthehabitsofthesocialinsectsletussay.Itisonlyinthestudyof__nhimselfthatthe__jorsocialscien__sh__esubstitutedthestudyofonelocalvariationthatofWesterncivilization.Anthropologywasbydefinitionimpossibleaslongasthesedistinctionsbetweenourselvesandtheprimitiveourselvesandthebarbarianourselvesandthepaganheldswayoverpeoplesminds.Itwasne__ssaryfirsttoarriveatthatdegreeofsophisticationwherewenolongersetourownbeliefoveragainstournei___ourssuperstition.Itwasne__ssarytorecognizethattheseinstitutionswhicharebasedonthesamepremisesletussaythesupernaturalmustbeconsideredtogetherourownamongtherest.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语awayofthinking一种想法commonpla__a.平凡的口头语commontheotherwayaround相反aberranta.脱离常轨的,异常的;(医)变异,失常ab-表示“偏离,脱离或离开”=irregularnor__l正常——abnor__l不正常;use用——abuse滥用;(近)ec__ntric怪异的;straying偏离的astraydog野狗;goastray步入歧途triviala.微不足道的,琐碎的triviality细节,琐事(见lesson12)fristrate第一流A-one第一等的,第一流的;topflight最棒的;secondtonone首屈一指;secondto次于predominanta.占优势的,起支配作用的predomina__n.dominate统治地位pre-前面的=superiorpreponderateparamount绝对重要;principal主要的;校长__nifestvt.清楚地表现illustratevi.举例说明;图解;加插图于;阐明vi.举例portray绘画pristinea.原始的(太古年代)lesson27(近)primitive原始的(一般);ancient古代的;prehistoric史前的stereotypen.陈规lesson5breakthrough打破overagainst和……相比=becomparedwith-140–文字录入dale76整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson55vernacularn.方言(和外语相比较)母语,mothertongue的变体(近)dialect方言(在一国内)ac__nt口音varyfrompersontoperson因人而异accommodationn.适应v.accommodate容纳Heaccommodateshimselftosth.accommodationto对……适应=adapttoadjustmentto区别adoption采取,收养incumbenta.义不容辞的,有责任的结构Itisincumbenton__.todo…responsible有责任的responsiblefor为……负责propositionn.主张来源propose向……提议__nproposesGoddisposes.谋事在人,成事在天(近)tender投标,建议unin____igiblea.难理解的in____igible可理解的区别in____ectual____;in____igent聪明的read—readable—unreadable;comprehension—comprehensible—incomprehensible;dis__rn—dis__rnable—undis__rnablepreferentiala.优先的来源preferf__orable有利的Iprefergreenteatoblacktea./Iprefertogreentearatherthanblacktea.blackcoffee=sugarfreecoffee现在国外最流行的decafcoffeecontroversiala.引起争论的controversyn.论争(lesson39)cactusn.仙人掌复数形式cacti拉丁变形abacus算盘—abacipl.;alumnus校友—alumnipl.termiten.白蚁groupvt.把……分类varianta.不同的variationn.变化;变奏曲易混various各种各样的;variety多样性barbariann.野蛮人=s__agevandalpagann.异__相信不只有一个神的人;非___徒者区别heretic异__信__的人-141–文字录入dale76整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson55holdswayover支配,掌握Superstitionholdsswayovermybrain/mind.wield挥,统治,支配(lesson40)sway(左右)摇;shake(上下)摇;swing(绕圈)摇premisen.前提大/小前提__jor/minorpremiseOnlyonthepremiseofequalitycanwefurthernegotiate.institutionn.惯例,风俗__的习惯,不一定要遵守(社会风俗)custom不同部落,种族WheninRomedoastheRo__nsdo.tradition有历史遗传(可指家庭习俗)supernaturala.超自然的Notesonthetext课文注释Thebasicbackgroundaboutthisauthor:RuthBenedictfe__leSheisafamousanthropologist.“Culturalrelativi__”文化相关论su__ect=topicthemegreatmoment=significan__重要性Theinnerworkingsofourownbrains…倒装句式正常wefeelthe…workingstobe…宾语前置,强调宾语workings运作(可数名词)uniquely独特的=onlyworthyof值得commonpla__a.后省略名词levelWeh__eawayofthinking.=asweview/seeitAsa__tteroffact作为一个事实而言(=infact)Traditionalcustomtakentheworldoverisa__ssofdetailedbeh__iourmoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactionsno__tterhowaberrant.非常难句型主语Traditionalcustom谓语isa__ss__ss大量=collectionisa__ss=isawhole/totaltaken被动语态,“采样”,“取样”taketheworldover=throughouttheworld-142–文字录入dale76整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson55detailed细致的astonishing=surprisingevolve进化(develop)thepredominantrole一个主导作用experien__实践inbelief信仰,思维活动it__y__nifest体现variety多样性第二段第一句话点出主题pristineeye原始的眼光=pure纯洁的edite编辑definite一定形式的,有限的set__custom习俗institution惯例waysofthinking思维方式probing=researchstu___s研究stereotype陈规,定式very强调very修饰名词表示强调h__ereferen__to和……有关=beconnectedwithJohnDewey1859-…“哲学思想“learningbydoinginallseriousness=seriouslythepart=therole在某一方面,用介词in-143–文字录入dale76整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson55as…as比较第一个as后面,风俗对人的影响——人对风俗的影响第二个as后面,母语总体的词汇比例——被吸收到家庭语言中的儿语overagainst对比,与……比较orders=differentlevels不同层面,不同阶层h__ehad虚拟autonomouslyauto自动autonomous自治的figure省略用法figureofspeechnomorethan正好,恰好=justobservation观察,证明lifehistory生平firstandforemost=aboveall最重要,首先accommodation适应pattern行为模式standard规范,标准handdown=passon流传下来group种族=ra__borninto出生于globe=earthno——整体否定culturaltran__ission文化传递itismoreincumbentuponustounderstand…插入语until直到asto+名词=about关于-144–文字录入dale76整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson55complicating=difficult复杂unin____igible难以理解的notuntil直到……才until直到……为止profitable有利可图的=beneficialpreliminary基本,基础=basich__ebeen的用法后面的动作,一定是要和前面构成一个完成,后面的完成才能引发前面的动作violentlyopposed强烈的__require虚拟weighting称重item选择的课题,项目oneoftheitemsoranotherinallthelesscontroversialfields…在不太令人争论的一些领域nebulae星云allthatweknowof……thatweknow做all的后置定语of做all的后置定语socialinsects群居生活的昆虫letussay=sotospeak__jorsocialscien__s主要的社会学substitute替换,替代thatof作同位语anthropology人类学aslongas=if只要,如果degreeofsophistication=understanding理解setoveragainst与……对比theseinstitutions这些习俗指前面beliefsuperstition-145–文字录入dale76整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson56Lesson56TheAgeofAuto__tionofAuto__tionLesson56TheAgeofAuto__tion自动化时代自动化时代Scien__andtechnologyh__ecometopervadeeveryaspectofourlivesandasaresultsocietyischangingataspeedwhichisquiteunpre__dented.Thereisagreattechnologicalexplosionaroundusgeneratedbyscien__.Thisexplosionisalreadyfreeingvastnumbersofpeoplefromtheirtraditionalbondagetonatureandnowatlastweh__eitinourpowertofree__nkindon__andforallfromthefearwhichisbasedonwant.Nowforthefirsttime__ncanreasonablybegintothinkthatlifecanbesomethingmorethanagrimstruggleforsurvival.ButeventodayinspiteofthehighstandardoflivingwhichhasbecomegeneralinthemorefortunateWestthe__jorityofpeopleintheworldstillspendnearlyalltheirtimeandenergyinanever-endingstrugglewithnaturetosecurethefoodandsheltertheyneed.Eveninthiselementaryeffortmillionsofhu__nbeingseachyear___unne__ssarilyandwastefullyfromhungerdiseaseorflood.YetintheWestscien__andtechnologyh__e__deitpossibleforustoh__eaplentifulsupplyoffoodprodu__dbyonlyafractionofthelabourthatwasne__ssaryevenafewdecadesago.IntheUnitedStatesforinstan__one__nonthelandprodu__smorethanenoughfoodtofeedfiftee__eninthecitiesandinfactthereisasurplusoffoodgrownevenbythis__allproportionoftheAmericanlabourfor__.Weh__econsiderablyextendedourexpectationoflife.Weh__eenrichedourlivesbycreatingphysicalmobilitythroughthemotor-carthejetaeroplaneandothermeansofmechanicaltransport;andweh__eaddedtoourin____ectualmobilitybythetelephoneradioandtelevision.Notcontentwiththeseadvan__swearenowthrustingforwardtothestarsandtheconquestospa__nolongerstrikesusasWellsianorJulesVernian.Andwiththeadventofthenewphaseoftechnologywecallauto__tionweh__ethepromisebothofgreaterleisureandofevengreater__terialandin____ectualriches.Butthisisnotinevitable.Itdependsonauto__tionbeingadequatelyexploited.Weshallneedtoapplyourscientificandtechnologicalresour__stoliterallyeveryaspectofoursocietytoourcommer__ourindustryourmedicineouragricultureourtransportation.Itisfascinatingandencouragingtoobservethedevelopmentofthisimmensepro__ssapro__ssinwhich__nappearsallthetimetobeengagedintheactofcreatinganextensionofhimself.Inhisnewtechnologicalsuc__ssesthisappearsparticularlytrue.Heisextendinghiseyeswithradar;histongueandhisearthroughtelecommunication;hismuscleandbodystructurethroughmechanization.Heextendshisownenergiesbythegenerationandtran__issionofpowerandhisnervoussystemandhisthinkinganddecision-__kingfacultiesthroughauto__tion.IfthisobservationisaccurateasIbelieveitistheimplicationsarefar-reaching.Itmightbereasonabletoconcludethatthedirectionofmodernscien__andtechnologyistowardsthecreationofaseriesof__chine-systemsbasedon__nasamodel.特别说明本文档根据___新概念第四册(第二版)网络课堂Flash制作(转发请保持文档的完整性)只可用于学习交流,不得用于商业目的!!!-146–整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson57Lesson57OfMenandGalaxiesLesson57OfMenandGalaxies人和星系人和星系In__nsearlydayscompetitionwithothercreaturesmusth__ebeencritical.Butthisphaseofourdevelopmentisnowfinished.Indeedwelackpracti__andexperien__nowadaysindealingwithprimitiveconditions.IamsurethatwithoutmodernweaponsIwould__keaverypoorshowofdisputingtheownershipofac__ewithabearandinthisIdonotthinkthatIstandalone.Thelastcreaturetocompetewith__nwasthemosquito.Buteventhemosquitohasbeensubduedbyattentiontodrainageandbychemicalsprays.Competitionbetweenourselvespersonagainstpersoncommunityagainstcommunitystillpersistshowever;anditisasfier__asiteverwas.Butthecompetitionof__nagainst__nisnotthe______pro__ssenvisionedinbiology.Itisnota______competitionforafixedamountoffooddeterminedbythephysicalenviro__entbecausetheenviro__entthatdeterminesourevolutionisnolongeressentiallyphysical.Ourenviro__entischieflyconditionedbythethingswebelieve.MoroccoandCaliforniaarebitsoftheEarthinverysimilarlatitudesbothonthewestcoastsofcontinentswithsimilarcli__tesandprobablywithrathersimilarnaturalresour__s.Yettheirpresentdevelopmentiswhollydifferentnotsomuchbecauseofdifferentpeopleevenbutbecauseofthedifferentthoughtsthatexistinthemindsoftheirinhabitants.ThisisthepointIwishtoemphasize.Themostimportantfactorinourenviro__entisthestateofourownminds.Itiswellknownthatwherethewhite__nhasinvadedaprimitiveculturethemostdestructiveeffectsh__ecomenotfromphysicalweaponsbutfromideas.Ideasaredangerous.TheHolyoffi__knewthisfullwellwhenitcausedhereticstobeburnedindaysgoneby.Indeedthecon__ptoffreespeechonlyexistsinourmodemsocietybecausewhenyouareinsideacommunityyouareconditionedbytheconventionsofthecommunitytosuchadegreethatitisverydifficulttocon__iveofanythingreallydestructive.Itisonlysomeonelookingonfromoutsidethatcaninjectthedangerousthoughts.Idonotdoubtthatitwouldbepossibletoinjectideasintothemodernworldthatwouldutterlydestroyus.IwouldliketogiveyouanexamplebutfortunatelyIcannotdoso.Perhapsitwillsuffi__tomentionthenuclearbomb.I__ginetheeffectonareasonablyadvan__dtechnologicalsocietyonethatstilldoesnotpossessthebombof__kingitawareofthepossibilityofsupplyingsufficientdetailstoenablethethingtobeconstructed.Twentyorthirtypagesofinfor__tionhandedtoanyofthe__jorworldpowersaroundtheyear1925wouldh__ebeensufficienttochangethecourseofworldhistory.ItisastrangethoughtbutIbelieveacorrectonethattwentyorthirtypagesofideasandinfor__tionwouldbecapableofturningthepresent-dayworldupsidedownorevendestroyingit.Ih__eoftentriedtocon__iveofwhatthosepagesmightcontainbutofcourseIcannotdosobecauseIamaprisonerofthepresent-dayworldjustasallofyouare.Wecannotthinkoutsidetheparticularpatternsthatourbrainsareconditioned特别说明本文档根据___新概念第四册(第二版)网络课堂Flash制作(转发请保持文档的完整性)只可用于学习交流,不得用于商业目的!!!-147–文字录入zhangyheng整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson57toortobemoreaccuratewecanthinkonlyaverylittlewayoutsideandthenonlyifweareveryoriginal.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语disputev.争夺latituden.纬度mosquiton.蚊子hereticn.异__,异端邪说subduev.征服con__ivev.想象drainagen.下水系统suffi__v.足够envisionn.预想nuclearadj.原子弹的Moroccon.摩洛哥originaladj.有独到见解的1.Dispute争夺,很有新意以前的意思如争论,争端辩论,disputewith__disputeonsthdisputesth.with__Idisputethepositionwithhim争地盘talentsVieforsth.with__争夺Scrambleforsth.with__.scramble爬scrambleeggs煎鸡蛋
2.Subdueconqueroverpowertame驯服su__ectadjQuell__
3.Bear熊polarbear北极熊penguin企鹅panda熊猫bearhug拥抱
4.Envisionen-动词前缀,predictenvisage
5.Moroccon.摩洛哥,northAfricaMonaco摩纳哥,Europe
6.Latitude纬度,longtitude经度28degreesNorthlatitude北纬28度latituede古自由Let’sallowhimsomelatitudeinhisprivateEnvisionvt预想
7.Theholyoffi__n.宗教法庭,pope教皇cardinal红衣主教以前学过一个同义词–theinquisitiont天主教宗教法庭
8.Heretic异__,纯粹__herecy邪说pagan异__
9.Power大国
10.Con__ive想象经常出现,以前的很多课学过con__iveofsthPer__ive察觉,感知i
11.Picturev.构思,构想
12.Suffi__足够v.sufficientadi足够的Afractionofri__willsuffi__.Ifyouareintroubeturntome.okonewordwillsuffi__.Enough?thatsuffi__sme.Power大国nuclearpower核大国Nuclearbomb记住,一般mb结尾的,发音只发《m》如combtombCriticalcrucialvitaldecisivecriticaljunctureciriticaleyeNotesonthetext课文注释1.__keaverypoorshow出丑2.Istandalone仅我一人3.Thelastcreaturetocompetewith__n其中的last有“极不可能”的意思TheHolyOffi__knewthisfullwellwhenitcausedhereticstobeburnedindaysgoneby.TheHolyOffi__是指罗马天主教的宗教法庭;fullwell中的full是副词,有very的意思;goneby作days的定语,整个词组的意思是“过去的日子”Musth__ebeen表示猜测,推测!inthe__n’adaysphase:perisdestateIamsurethat…-148–文字录入zhangyheng整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson57Withour…Iwould__ke….虚拟语气__keaverypoorshow出洋相__keafoolofoneself做傻事,出丑__keanexhibitionofoneself当中出丑Theownershipofac__e一个洞穴的所有权InthisviewIdon’tstandalone;Standalone__,孤立;Iamaloneinthispoint;Stickintheback放冷枪Competitionbetweenourselves人类内部的竞争;personagainstperson人与人之间的竞争;Communityagainstcommunity群体与群体之间的竞争Thesurvivalofthefittest适者生存\Afixedamountoffood固定量的食物,determined作food的后置定语Thephysicalenviro__ent客观环境Evolution;development进化Mentaloutlook世界观Similarlatitude相近的纬度westcoasts西海岸;Similarcli__tes相似的气候California:highlyadvan__d高度发展Morocco:highlybackward;Not…..but…….转折;differentthoughtininhabitants:liversresidentsThemostimportantfactorinourenviro__entisthestateofourownminds.我们的自然环境中最重要的因素是我们的心态;Itiswellknownthat….Where引导的从句都可以用if来引导,如WherethereisawillthereisawayIfthereisawill….Themostdestructiveeffects最具有破坏性的影响westlizationinthisdaysgoneby;inthepastdays;indaystocome;theinsidercan’tseethegame.当局者迷lookingon观望theouterseesmostofthegame.旁观者清Iwouldliketo…………假设语气I__ginetheeffecton………One指societyEffectof__kingitawareofthepossibilityofnuclearbomb;it代表society.Turnupsidedown完全颠倒Ih__eoftentriedtocon__iveofwhatthosepagesmightcontainbutofcoursedodobecauseIamaprisonerofthepresent-dayworldjustasallofyouare.符合“”因为我们身处这个社会,就受社会的制约的思想Beconditionedtoby被约束outside:beyond超越original创新的ImportantKownledgewhenyouareinsideacommunityyouareconditionedbytheconventionsofthecommunitytosuchadegreethatitisverydifficulttocou=n__iveofanythingreallydestructive.Itisonlysomeonelookingonfromoursidethatcaninjectthedangerousthoughts…2……andthenonlyIweareveryoriginal建议阅读lesson56lesson54关于林语堂TheenjoymentofcultureGoodtasteinknowledge知识方面的品味Thedevelopmentofgoodtasteinkownledge知识品位的培养Well-read博学的Parrot鹦鹉学舌者,agreat__nwhoh__ethehateandwhoh__ethelove.Erudition博学,学识Dis__r__ent洞察力,辨别力Scholar学者,scholarship奖学金Given:specific特定的Bulldozev蒙骗,威胁_____life成年时期PatrioticBogus假的Paunch肠胃Ambition志向aggressiveness,挑战性Senseofduty责任感Stinginess小气Nonsense废话Awe敬畏,overawed别吓住-149–文字录入zhangyheng整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson58Lesson58PaintingasaPastimeLesson58PaintingasaPastime绘画消遣绘画消遣AgiftedAmericanpsychologisthassaidWorryisaspa__oftheemotion;themindcatchesholdofsomethingandwillnotletitgo.Itisuselesstoarguewiththemindinthiscondition.Thestrongerthewillthemorefutilethetask.Onecanonlygentlyinsinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp.Andifthissomethingelseisrightlychosenifitisreallyattendedbytheilluminationofanotherfieldofinterestgraduallyandoftenquiteswiftlytheoldunduegriprelaxesandthepro__ssofrecuperationandrepairbegins.Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirstimportan__toapublic__n.Butthisisnotabusinessthatcanbeundertakeninadayorswiftlyimprovisedbyamerecom__ndofthewill.Thegrowthofalternativementalinterestsisalongpro__ss.Theseed__ustbecarefullychosen;theymustfallongoodground;theymustbesedulouslytendedifthevivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded.Tobereallyhappyandreallysafeoneoughttoh__eatleasttwoorthreehobbiesandtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.Suchanattemptonlyaggr__atesthestrainofmentaleffort.A__n__yacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailyworkandyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulikeyouh__egottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeakinghu__nbeings__ybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeaththosewhoareworriedtodeathandthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthe__nuallabourertiredoutwithahardweekssweatandeffortthechan__ofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusiness__nwhohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdaystoworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweek-end.Asfortheunfortunatepeoplewhocancom__ndeverythingtheywantwhocangratifyeverycapri__andlaytheirhandsonalmosteveryo__ectofdesireforthemanewpleasureanewexcitementisonlyanadditionalsatiation.Invaintheyrushfranticallyroundfrompla__topla__tryingtoescapefrom__engingboredombymereclatterandmotion.Forthemdisciplineinoneformoranotheristhemosthopefulpath.It__yalsobesaidthatrationalindustrioususefulhu__nbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:firstthosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondlythosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethe__jority.Theyh__etheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheoffi__orthefactorybringwiththemastheirrewardnotonlythemeansofsustenan__butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninits______standmostmodestforms.Butfortunesf__ouredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholidayandordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenfor__dinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlookofachangeofatmosphereofadiversionofeffortisessential.Indeedit__ywellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervalsfromtheirminds.-150–文字录入橘子柠檬整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson58Newwordsandexpressions生词短语psychologistn.心理学家giftedadj.有天才的spa__n.一阵(感情)发作catchholdof抓住futileadj.无用的insinuatevt.使潜入,暗示convulsiveadj.起痉挛的illuminationn.启发,照明undueadj.不适应的gripn.紧张improvisevt.临时作成sedulouslyadv.孜孜不倦地tendvt.照管aggr__atevt加剧.broadlyspeaking大体上说toilvt.劳累triflingadj.微小的gratifyvt.使满意capri__n.任性satiationn.满足invain徒劳franticallyadv.狂乱地__engevt.替…报复boredomn.厌烦cluttern.喧闹的谈话sustenan__n.生计keenadj.强烈的appetiten.欲望f__ouredadj.受到偏爱的grudgevt.怨恨absorbingadj.引人入胜的banishvt.排除,放弃pastimen.消遣-151–文字录入橘子柠檬整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson58单词解析
1.psychologistn.心理学家[联想]psychologyn.心理学psywar心理战psycho____ysis心理分析
2.giftedadj.有天才的eg.Heisgifted.他很有天赋[联想]表示聪明、有天赋的词还有talentedadj.天才的;adroitadj.灵巧的,敏捷的;geniusn.天才;brilliantadj.有才气的,聪明的;__artn.聪明的(可用于口语)
3.spa__n.一阵(感情)发作用法…aspa__ofwildjoy…狂喜aspa__person被惯坏的人
4.futileadj.无用的;(土地)贫瘠的.[反义]fertileadj.(思想)睿智的;(土地)肥沃的[近义]voidadj.没用的;pointlessadj.无意义的
5.insinuatevt.使潜入,暗示[记]作为一个使动词的用法be+adj.;v.+oneselfeg.~oneselfintoone`sf__our/thecrowd向某人献媚、示爱/挤进人群Healwaysinsinuateshimselfintohisboss`sf__our.他经常向他的头儿献媚eg.Heinsinuatedhisdoubtoftheanswer.他对这个答案稍有疑问vt.暗示
6.illuminationn.启发,照明[近义]enlighte__entn.启迪edificationn.启发,教诲instructionn.教育,知道
7.gripn.紧张;v.抓eg.Ih__ereadagrippingstory.我刚读了一篇扣人心弦的故事Ih__easoundgripofEnglish.我对英语掌握的很熟
8.improvisevt.临时作成(抽象词)eg.improvisespeech/apoem/apainting即兴发言/做诗/做画
9.sedulouslyadv.孜孜不倦地[近义]diligentadj.勤奋的toilingadj.勤奋的industriousadj.勤勉的assiduousadj.勤勉的backbreakingadj.辛劳的painstakingadj.辛劳的,辛苦的
10.gratifyvt.使满意[联想]gratituden.满意,感激satisfiedadj.感到满足的pleasedadj.满意的caterto满足,迎合eg.ItisgratifyingtolearnEnglish.学英语是一件令人很兴奋的事
11.capri__n.任性[联想]capriciousadj.反复无常的changeableadj.善变的fickleadj.(脾气)无常的,易变的impulsen.冲动
12.satiationn.满足[联想]satiatev.满足satiableadj.可满足的insatiableadj.不可满足的-152–文字录入橘子柠檬整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson58eg.IjustsawthereisanarticleinNewsweekthat__nyofficialsin__nycountriesareinsatiable.我刚才在新闻周刊里看到一篇文章里说许多小国家的官员都贪得无厌
13.__engevt.替…报复eg.__engemycomradeinarms为我的战友报仇__engemyselfontheenemy我向敌人报复
14.appetiten.欲望[近义]lust/thirst/hunger渴望[用法]appetite/lust/thirst/hungerforsth.对…有强烈欲望eg.Hehasstrongappetiteforfame.他对名声充满了渴望
15.f__ouredadj.受到偏爱的[用法]playf__ouriteswith__.对某人很偏爱eg.Themotherplaysf__ouriteswithherelderson.妈妈对大__比较偏爱
16.absorbingadj.引人入胜的[联想]grippingadj.扣人心弦的fascinatingadj.迷人的captivatingadj.迷人的spellbinding(念了咒语般)使人入迷的entertainingadj.令人愉快的
17.banishvt.排除,放弃[区别]banish抽象的思想上的除去,后面一般接horrorworry等discardv.丢弃,放弃,后接具体事物,如furniture等Notesonthetext课文注释
1.Worryisaspa__oftheemotion忧虑是情绪的突然发作
2.Itisuselesstoarguewiththemindinthiscondition.1)agruewith争论2)themind指人,而不是人脑.eg.Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所见略同
3.Onecanonlygentlyinsinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp.1insinuate=topush慢慢灌输2its指代minds3grasp抓住不放,这里指minds.[译]我们只能对他温柔的灌输其他思想到他痉挛的脑子里
4.…..,ifitisreallyattendedbytheilluminationof……thepro__ssofrecuperationandrepairbegins.1)attendvt.辅佐,辅助2)by通过某种手段3)recuperation=recovery恢复
5.Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirstimportan__toapublic__n.1)cultivation=tobuildup培养,建立2thereforeadv.所以承接上文3)policy method方法4)firstimportan__第一位的重要性5)public__n:goouttowork;参与社会工作的人[译]对一个公众人士而言,你需要培养兴趣爱好,这是至关重要的
6.Thegrowthofalternativementalinterestsisalongpro__ss.1)alternativeadj.二中选一的-153–文字录入橘子柠檬整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson58alternativeinterests替换型兴趣,指的是工作之外的兴趣[译]替换型的智力兴趣的培养需要一个很长的过程
7.Theseedsmustbecarefullychosen;theymustfallongoodground;theymustbesedulouslytendedifthevivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded.(推荐记忆)此句用了一个暗喻metaphor延伸明喻simileinterests比喻为seedsvivifyvt.给与生气,生动,使活跃
8.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:….论述句型itisnousingdoing…itisnopointdoing…eg.itisnousingcryingoverthespiltmilk.覆水难收
9.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulikeyouh__egottolikewhatyoudo.推荐记忆h__egotto[英]=h__eto[美][译]只想做你想做的事是没用的,你必须喜欢你所做的事
10.Itisnouseofferingthe__nuallabourertiredoutwithahardweekssweatandeffortthechan__ofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.offer__.sth.双宾语sweatandeffort辛勤劳动with=becauseof因为,由于
11.Asfortheunfortunatepeople….anewexcitementisonlyanadditionalsatiation.asfor….=about谈及,关于additionalsatiation:多余的满足
12.Forthemdisciplineinoneformoranotheristhemosthopefulpath.discipline:约束[译]对他们而言,生活有规律才有获得兴趣的可能
13.Butfortunesf__ouredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.fortunesf__ouredchildren天子骄子
14.Eachdayisaholidayandordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenfor__dinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.1ordinaryholidays正常的假日2grudge=regardwithhatred憎恶3enfor__d被迫地4vocation天职/vacation假期[译]每天都是假日,而且当正常的假日到来时,他们都把它当作对其投入的天职所进行的一种被迫的打搅
15.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook…analternativeoutlook理解为这两类人的想法可以转换(替换)一下
16.Indeedit__ywellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervalsfromtheirminds.1it__ywellbethat……或许事情正是这样2atintervals不时,间隔一段时间3)banish=getridof去除4means=methodway
17.Catchholdof抓住……;let…go放掉……
18.Layone’shandson得到……,抓到……
19.Fortune’sf__ouredchildren中的Fortune是指“命运女神”-154–文字录入橘子柠檬整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson59Lesson59TheGreatEscapeLesson59TheGreatEscape大逃亡大逃亡Economyisonepowerfulmotiveforcampingsin__aftertheinitialoutlayuponequipmentorthroughhiringitthetotalexpensecanbefarlessthanthecostofhotels.Butcontrarytoapopularassumptionitisfarfrombeingtheonlyoneoreventhegreatest.The__nwho__noeuvrescarelesslyintohisfiveshillingsworthofspa__atoneofEuropesmyriadper__nentsites__yfindhimselfbumpingaBentley.MorelikelyFordConsulwillbehubtohubwithRenaultorMer__desbutrarelywithbicycles__defortwo.Thattheequipmentofmoderncampingbecomesyearlymoresophisticatedisanentertainingparadoxforthecynicabrighterpromiseforthehopefultr__elerwhohassworntogetawayfromitall.Italsoprovides--andsomestudentsociologistmightcaretobasehisthesisuponthephenomenon--anescapeofanotherkind.Themoderntr__ellerisoftena__nwhodislikestheSplendideandtheBell__istanotbecausehecannotaffordorshunstheirmeterialcomfortsbutbecauseheisafraidofthem.Affluenthe__ybebutheisbynomeanssurewhattotipthedoor__northechamber__id.__sterinhisownhousehehaslittleideaofwhentosaybootoa__itredhotel.*Fromallsuchfearscampingreleaseshim.Grantedasnobberyofcampingitselfbaseduponequipmentandtechniquesalreadyexistsbutitisofakindthatifhemeetsithecanreadilyunderstandanddealwith.Thereisnosuperiortheyintheshapeof__nagementsandhotelhierarchiestodarkenhisholidaydays.Tosuchmotivesyetanothermustbeadded.Thecontemporaryphenomenonofmotor-carworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseofindependen__and_______thatownershipentails.Tothispleasurecampinggivesanexquisiterefinement.Fromonesownfrontdoortohomeorforeignhillsorsandsandbackagaineverythingistohand.Notonlyarethemeansofarrivingattheholidayparadiseentirelywithinonesowncom__ndandkeepingbutthemeansofescapefromholidayhellifthebeachprovestoocrowdedthelocalweathertooinclementarethereoutside--oraslikelypartof--thetent.Idealistsh__eo__ectedtothepracti__ofcampingastothepackagedtourthatthetr__ellerabroadtherebydenieshimselftheopportunityofgettingtoknowthepeopleofthecountryvisited.Insularityandself-contai__entitisarguedgohandinhand.Theopiniondoesnotsurviveexperien__ofapopularContinentalcampingpla__.Holidayhotelstendtocaterforonenationalityofvisitorsespeciallysometimesexclusively.Campingsitesbycontrastarehighlyco__opolitan.Grantedapreponderan__ofGer__nsisacharacteristicthat.seemscommontomostMediterraneansites;butasyetthereisnooverwhelminglyspecializedpatronage.Noti__sforbiddingtheopen-airdryingofclothesortheuseofwaterpointsforcarwashingorthoseinvitingourcampingfriendstoadan__oraboattripareprintednotonlyinFrenchorItalianorSpanishbutalsoinEnglish特别说明本文档根据___新概念第四册(第二版)网络课堂Flash制作(转发请保持文档的完整性)只可用于学习交流,不得用于商业目的!!!-155–文字录入jifan整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson59Ger__nandDutch.Atmealtimestheodourofsauerkrautvieswiththatofgarlic.TheFrench__nsbreakfastcoffeecompeteswiththeEnglish__nsbaconandeggs.Whetherthere__rkablegrowthoforganizedcampingmeanstheeventualdeathofthemoreindependentkindishardtosay.Municipalitiesnaturallywanttosecurethecamperssitefeesandothercustom.Poli__arewaryofitinerantswhocannotbetra__dtoarecognizedcampboundaryortofourwalls.Butmostprobablyitwillalldependuponcampersthemselves:how__nyheathfirestheycausehowmuchlittertheyle__einshortwhetherornottheywhollyalienatelandownersandthosewholiveinthecountryside.Onlygoodscoutingislikelytopreservethe_______ssodeartotheheartoftheeternalBoyScout.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语assumptionn.假定insularityn.偏狭__noeuvrev.驱车(__)caterv.迎合myriadadj.无数的exclusivelyadv.排他地paradoxn.自相矛盾的事co__opolitanadj.世界的cynicn.愤世嫉俗者preponderan__n.优势sociologistn.社会学家overwhelminglyadv.以压倒优势地,shunv.避开清一色地affluentadj.富有的patronagen.恩惠,惠顾chamber__idn.女招待员sauerkrautn.泡菜boon.呸的一声viev.竞争__itred’hoteln.[法语]总管municipalityn.市政当局snobberyn.势利itinerantn.巡回者hierarchyn.等级制度heathn.荒地entailv.使成为必要alienatev.使疏远inclementadj.险恶的eternaladj.永久的packagetour由旅行社安排一切的一揽子旅游__noeuvrevt.(驱车)____军事演习,大量的调动__myriada.无数的用期**myriad-即为多myriadinpoem中其意为一万,如周星弛在大话西游所说的一万,这样诗味很浓CountlessUnnumberedMeasurableImmeasurableMyriadstars无数的星星bicycles__defortwo双人自行车tobehubtohubwith与……紧挨**hub相当于__ntre的意思Isithubtohubwithhim.Wangfu___gisthebusinesshubofBei___g.Sidebyside肩并肩paradoxn..自相矛盾的事第五课讲过**swearvi.发誓**Swearwords诅咒的话,这里当名词讲sworeswornswornin宣誓就职cynicn.愤世嫉俗者**犬儒哲学者这种人有两种观点
(1)对社会(进步)的仇恨;
(2)逃循中、逃避现实-156–文字录入jifan整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson59cynophobia:恐犬症goosefleshallover起一身鸡皮疙瘩studentsociologist社会学学生shunvt.避开**shunpublicity不爱抛头漏面shunsociety不爱社交他很爱社交Heissociable.她很爱社交Sheisasocialbutterfly.affluenta.富有的**prosperouswellofwelltodo小康水平,过得很好High-heeled富裕Moneyed有钱的moneyness无钱的chamber__idn.女招待员**合成词WestChamber中国古代小说《西厢记》boon.呸的一声__itred’hoteln.总管不达意**法语词即为__sterofhotelresumeCV-curriculumvitaegrantedconj.即使**假使,eg:Grantedyouarerightyoucan’tbesorude.假使你对你也不能如此粗鲁换用词;givenprovided作连接词,不作过去分词snobberyn.势利**
1、小看那些不如自己的人;
2、巴结比自己高的人snob势利小人snobappeal崇洋__entailvt.使成为必要**包含eg:LearningEnglishentailspatien__/perseveran__/strongwill.学英语需要……exquisitea.精细的,高雅的**exquisitemeal美味佳肴exquisitefashion高雅时装exquisitefurniture修饰人比如___________DonJuanDantehelln.苦境、地狱**gotohell见鬼去吧!Iaminthelivinghell.在……干活,简直让我受不了了Hellcat指人很厉害He__entohand在手边**inclementa.险恶的指天气比较恶劣,inclementheat/cold酷热/严寒hitter苦harsh糟糕severe天气不太好可用it’s+上边的词insularityn.偏狭来源insular海岛——peninsula半岛island岛,由岛无往外逃生的可能性可联想到封闭,偏狭insulated隔绝的insulatedbody绝缘体narrowminded/__allminded/shortsighted/provincial没有眼光的catervi.迎合**caterto__./caterforsth.Gratifytendtopleasesatisfyexclusivelyad.排他地**exclusivenews独家报道exclusiverighttosalesth专卖权exclusiveshop专卖店inclusive包含Co__opolitana.全世界的co__os表宇宙-157–文字录入jifan整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson59Co__opolis大都市Co__onaut宇航员universalPreponderan__n.优势predominant**来源于名词prevailOverwhelminglyad.以压倒优势地,清一色地**注意读音Overwhelminglyvictory大选中获得绝对性胜利Landslide山崩所以译为绝对胜利Patronagen.恩惠,惠顾**Patron倚伥帮助成名的人所给的恩赐叫patronage同f__or—指具体实在的,而patronage不一定很具体,是抽象的domeaf__orSauerkrautn.泡菜**sauer来自于德语在英语中为sourVievi.竞争**Viewith__.Forsth.Iviewithhimforthevacancy.同义competecontendMunicipalityn.市政当局Municipal市__city可作直辖市讲Bewaryof对……保持警惕**onthelook-outBewaryofunhealthytrendBeonthelook-outforsthBeonguardagainststh.BeonalertItinerantn.浪荡着**来自于itinerary旅行线路trampvagrantgypsyno__dHeathn.荒地Alienatevt.使疏远**alienDon’talienateus.不要挑拨离间Sheisaalien.Ialienatemymom.我和母亲疏远了Eternala.永久的**immortal不朽的见37课解释BoyScoutn.童子军该词来源于英国,请根据以下听讲述Boll战争BritainandHoland为争夺capeofgoodHope的战争Notesonthetext课文注释1.Itisfarfrom…远不是……2.Twentypounds’worthofspa__价值20英镑的空地,其中worth是名词3.Hubtohubwith车轴与……车轴相接4.TheSplendideandtheBell__ista两大酒店的名字5.Saybootoa__itred’hotel对酒店的经理表示不满Saybootoa__itred’hotel是从notsaybootoagoose(非常胆小,不敢得罪)演变而来的在这个成语中,agoose常被人们幽默地换成其他字眼6.Granted…but…(虽然……但是……)这种句型中的Granted总被放在句首,意思是Yes,相当于一个连接副词的作用7.Intheshapeof以……形式出现的8.Tobehand唾手可得9.Caterfor迎合……10.bewaryof提防……11.BoyScout童子军-158–文字录入jifan整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson59Motive:动力finan__:钱Initial:beginningfirstOutlay:expenseTentfoodalpinejacket登山服Assumption:假想onlyone:motiveFarfromHeisfarfrombeinghonest.Shilling先令worthofSpa__:parkingoutSite:campingsiteBumpintolimousine高级车Yearly:yearafteryearannualannuallyAnentertainingparadoxforthecynic一件有趣的自相矛盾的事情ProspectEntertaining:enjoyable第五句现代露营装备一年比一年讲究,这对那些厌世嫉俗者来说是一件有趣的自相矛盾的事情而对于发誓用露营来摆脱烦恼的人来说,却带来了更光明的前景第六句首it指equipmentThoughheisaffluent……Poorhe__ybe/Poorashe__ybe……Tip小费EconomyEscapeThattheequipmentofmoderncampingbecomes……Affluenthe__ybe……Campingreleaseshimformallsuchfears.granted:supposesnobberyskillfulsomersault翻劲斗__nagements:管理层hierarchies:rankingdarkendampenone’sheart令人很扫兴Yetanothermustbeaddedtosuchmotives.Notleast:mostSenseofhonorSenseofresponsibilitySenseofhumorSenseof__sterSenseofguiltSuperioritycomplex优越感,特殊不同于其他Inferioritycomplex自卑感-159–文字录入jifan整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson59Refinement:enjoymentForeign:异乡的Sands:沙滩Means:wayKeeping:保管Proves:亲眼验证Packedlikesardines拥挤的要死SesameVan第18句后采用反证法o__ectto+名词、动名词packagetour组团旅行packageplan一揽子计划本句中间的that作packagetour的同位语thereby:inthiswaybywhichhereby这里证明,兹证明deny__.Sth.Self-contai__ent自我封闭Gohandinhand:结伴而行正常19句写为Itisarguedthatinsularityandself-contai__entgohandinhand.Continental:EuropeanSurvivedthefloodShesurvivedherspousebytenyears.她比她老伴多活十年Survive同standuptoCharacteristictobuildsociali__withChinesecharacteristicsMediterranean地中海Asyet=howeverDutch:荷兰语Garlic:大蒜Re__rkable:显著Custom风俗习惯Tra__:跟着、跟踪……tofourwalls:居无定所can’tbetra__dtoanyculprits找不出他与主犯有什么关系litter:垃圾litterbug乱扔东西让人讨厌scouting:童子军的行为campingtroubledwater一团混水强烈支持版主,强烈支持沪江__^_^-160–文字录入jifan整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson60Lesson60OnMoralCourageMoralCourageLesson60OnMoralCourage论道德勇气论道德勇气Althoughtruthandjusti____ybethemostpowerfulimpulsestoshowmoralcouragethereare1others.Compassionisoneofthese.Tentativelyitcanbesuggestedthatthisisthe__ininfluen__2uponthosewhourgetheabolitionofcapitalpunishment.Itisrecognitionofcompassionspartthat3leadstheupholdersofcapitalpunishmenttoaccusetheabolitionistsofsentimentalityinbeingmoresorryforthemurdererthanforhisvictim.Thisisnonsensebutwithitsomeorgansofthepopular4Pressplayedupontheemotionsoftheirreaderssosuc__ssfullythat__nycandidatesforParliamentwereafraidtosupportabolitionforfearoflosingvotesandtheresultwasthemuddle-headedHomicideActof1957which__demurderwithrobberyacapitalcrimeandallowedthepoisonertoescapethegallows.Thatillogicalqualificationshowshowflimsyistheargumentthatcapital5punishmentisadeterrenttomurder.Thepoisoneralwaysworksonacalculatedplanofactionand6thereforeisabletoconsiderwhetherornothistakinganotherslifeisworththeriskofhisown;theviolentthiefisusuallyatthemercyofaninstantemotion.7Theonlyarguablepleaforcapitalpunishmentistherightofsocietytoretributioninthisworldwiththeprospectoflifeinanotherbutsin__whatusedtoseemtothegreat__jorityofcivilizedhu__nitytheassuran__ofanotherlifebeyondthegr__ehascometoseemtomoreandmorepeopleless__rtainafeelingforthevalueofhu__nlifehasbecomedeeperandmorewidespread.This__yseemaparadoxicalclaimto__keatatimewhen__nkindissomuchpreoccupiedwithweaponsofdestruction.Neverthelessitisa8claimthatcanbesustainedandifcompassionani__testhosewhourgetheabolitionofthedeathpenaltyitisnotasentimentalcompassionforthementalagonyinflicteduponacondemned__nbutadreadofdestroyingthemiracleoflife.9Whenintheeighteenth__nturyoffen__sagainstthelawthattodaywouldnoearnamonthinprisonwerepunishedwiththedeathpenaltytheseverityofthepenalcodehadnoseriouseffectontheprevalen__ofcrime.10Whenit__denodifferen__tothefateofahighway__nwhetherhehadkilledhisvictimormerelyrobbedhimofafewpie__sofsilvertherewerenomoremurdersthenthantherewerewhenmenlikeSirFraricisBurdettsuc__ededinlighteningtheex__ssiveseverityofthepenallaws.11Inthosedaysthesacrednessoflifeonearthwasnotgreatlyregardedbecausealifeintheworldtocomewastakenforgrantedex__ptbyacomparatively__allminotityofphilosophers.12Norwasthelong-drawnordealofthecondemned__llinflictedeitheruponthecondemned__norhisgaolerson__uponatime.Thosewhobelieveincapitalpunishment__yh__eargumentsforitsretention1__utsurelynoreasonableargumentcanbefoundforretentionofthesickeningmumbo-jumbothataccompaniesitfromthemomentthatthejudgedonstheblackcapwithwhatlookslikeapen-wiperbalan__donthetopofhiswigtothereadingoftheburialservi__overthe特别说明本文档根据___新概念第四册(第二版)网络课堂Flash制作(转发请保持文档的完整性)只可用于学习交流,不得用于商业目的!!!-161–文字录入ghost555整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson60condemned__nbeforeheisdead.Moreoveritwasmoremercifultolaunchthecondemned__nintoeternitytwenty-fourhoursafterhewassenten__dthantokeephimshiveringonthebrinkofthatdreadgulffornearlythreeweeks.14Hangingisanatrociouslyarchaicwayofkillingahu__nbeingandtheself-satisfiedmodernityoftheelectricchairisjustasatrocious.15Theadministrationofastrongsleepingdraughttothecondemned__neverynightfromwhichonenighthedoeshotawakeseemsamorecivilizedalternativetoourpresentbarbarouspro__dureifcapitalpunishmentthroughtheinfluen__ofbackwardmindsberetained.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语
1.impulsen.推动力冲动短语:outofimpulse=actonimpulse出于冲动同义词:impetus/momentum/drive;driveforsomething
2.compassionn.同情短语:compassionforsth./sympathyforsth.同义词sympathy不及compassion
3.tentativelyadv.尝试性地常用于文学短语:tentativelystudyonclone刍以克隆experientalstudy尝试性研究tentatively__ile勉强的笑
4.abolitionn.废除abolish[]v.abolishnist[]n.短语:toabolishthesl__ery
5.capitaln.可处死刑的原意:首的主要的;短语:capitalpunishment=deathpenalty死刑decapitatev.斩首
6.upholdern.支持者holdup同义词:advocator/proponent
7.sentimentalityn.多愁善感本质、感情脆弱、感伤辨义:emotional(一时的)情绪化
8.muddle-headedadj.糊涂的
9.homiciden..凶杀、杀人者构:homi=homo:thesame人、同类cide:kill组词:homo___ual同性恋homonym同音(形)异义词、同名人synonym同义词antonym反义词pesticide杀虫剂_______自杀autocide撞车自杀uxorious害怕老婆的、气管炎filicide杀子女filial孝顺的
10.gallowsn.绞刑架(木制的)短语:gallowsbird应受罚同类词guillotine绞刑架(铁制的)
11.qualificationn.规定、条件词源qualify合格unqualified不合格(常自已本身)disqualify取消资格(被别人)例句whatqualificationsdoyouh__e你有什么特长?for__start抢跑(体育用语)
12.flimsyadj.站不住脚的、不足信的(理论)、脆弱的联想词:groundless理论太薄/fragile脆弱的玻璃易碎/rickets软骨病convincing令人信服的unconvincing不让人信服的
13.deterrentn.威慑deterv.:prevent短语:deterhimfrom__oking
14.caculatedadj.精心制作的有计划的短语:caculatedplan/scheme精心策划同类词:deliberate精心策划/wellplanned/welldesigned精心设计/wellschemed
15.atthemercyof受…支配抽象意义:underthecontrolof例句:atthemercyofemotionreason\impulse受感情理智/冲动支配
16.plean.辩解例句:__keapleaforsth为…而辩解__keapleaforwrongdoingmisconduct为错误行为过失而辩解;Itookle__eunderthepleaofheadache.以头疼为借口离开.
17.retributionn.惩罚,报应(宗教)-162–文字录入ghost555整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson
6018.sustainv.确认原意:支撑例句:sustainanapplicantinhisclaim认定此人申诉有效hiswordsholdwaterhiswordsholdwater言之有理hiswordscannotholdwater站不住脚
19.ani__tev.促使、激烈、激活例句:ani__tethediscussion/ani__teddiscussionheatandlively激烈争论
20.penaltyn.刑罚短语:deathpenalty死刑penaltykick罚点球freekick任意球corner角球队例句:nopenaltyforguessing不倒扣分
21.agonyn.极度痛苦难agonisev.短语:agonycolumn英语报纸常用:claim寻人启事/divor__离婚声明同类词torture折磨/anguish痛苦/pang痛苦一阵一阵的也可引申用/throes分娩时阵痛临死前苦痛痛苦程度:throesanguish例句:it’sagonizingto…
22.inflictv.使遭受短语:inflictsthon__.例句:Iinflictthetroublemiseryonhim我给他带来麻烦不幸特殊用法:inflictmyselfonyou对不起打搅您了.
23.prevalen__n.盛行prevailv.例句:NowdaysKoreanpopmusicprevails.同义词:popular
24.sacrednessn.神圣不可侵犯性sacredadj.sacredcow圣牛宗教同类词:holy/goldly/he__enly/saint圣人/saintly例句:heissaintly他真是圣人一样的人holiday比较正式高雅带宗教色彩vocation暑假
25.ordealn.折磨词源:ancientGree__ro__n
26.assuran__n.信心
27.preoccupyvt.使全神贯注短语:beoccupiedwith对..全神贯注同类:absorbed引人入胜in/immersed沉浸其间in
28.retentionn.保留retainv.
29.sickeningadj.令人呕心的..同类词:disgustingvomitdistasteful较轻不太喜欢
30.donvt.戴可戴任何但一般用于上身同类:wear穿什么都可以穿/表动词或状态puton表动作dress穿//dressoneself/bedreesed穿衣服bedressedinblue/heiswearingblue穿着什么wearsocks/wearbeardmoustache/longbeard蓄着胡子/wearlipstick抹口红
31.wign.假发短语:bigwig引申为:大人物bigpotato/bigfish/big__n
32.burialservi__葬礼同义词:funeralnoneofyourfuneral=noneofyou’reyourbussiness不是你的事
33.mercifuladj.仁慈的mercyn.反:merciless同类词:forgiving宽容tolerant容忍lenientwith对人…宽松
34.gulfn.深渊短语:gotothegulfbelow
35.hangingn.绞刑hanghunghung挂/hanghangedhanged绞刑例句:ifwedon’thangtogetherwe’llbehangedseparately.林肯:如果我们不团结起来只能被一个个处死.
36.atrociouslyadv.残暴地同义词:barbarously野蛮的ruthless无情地appalling骇人听闻
37.archaicadj.古老的aarchaicword同义词:antiqueobsoleteoutdated不再时髦passé法常指女子的老.
38.draughtn.每吨服量
39.barbarousadj.野蛮的Notesonthetext课文注释
1.truthandjusti__:truth真理这里译为永于直言;justi__富有正义感
2.Tentativelyitcanbesuggestedthatthisis:tentatively:roughlygenerally大致说来;it指后面的从句;this指compassion-163–文字录入ghost555整理发布kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson
603.Itisrecognition…that:强调句正是意识到;part:role作用;accuseof指责/指控;inbeing在这方面;
4.ThisisnonsensebutwithitsomeorgansofthepopularPressplayedupon..:butwithit:运用前面的论点;organs:institution机构__;popularpress:很受欢迎的\大众的媒体;playupon:玩弄利用__keuseof/takeadvantageof;so..that..;candidatesforParliament国会候选人;MP-memberofparliament国会议员;PHD__生;act:法案英=bill美;
5.Thatillogicalqualificationshowshowflimsyistheargumentthat..:illogical不合逻辑的;howflimsyistheargument倒装句;that引导同位语
6.workon构思构想;takingone’slife杀别人;whetherornot;violentthief__=murdererwithrobbery;instantemotion;
7.Theonlyarguablepleaforcapitalpunishment…:arguable可争论的可辩论的;prospect:hope;butsin__;usedto:过去常常;claim理由;__ssdestruction:极大杀伤力;therightofsocietytoretributioninthisworldwiththeprospectoflifeinanother等于:withtheprospectoflifeinanotherasocietyhasarighttogiveonetheretribution.因为拥有给你来生的幸福所以社会能给你报应with这里做原因状语;
8.nevertheless=however;claim理由观点;nonetheless;该句:这个观点是可以得到支持的如果这种同情能够激励那些要____的人那么这种同情就不是对那些死刑犯感情的同情而是对毁掉生命奇迹的一种同情;如改为:itisaclaimthatcanbesustainedifcompassionani__testhosewhourgetheabolitionofthedeathpenaltyanditisnotasentimentalcompassionforthementalagonyinflicteduponacondemned__nbutadreadofdestroyingthemiracleoflife.即句子结构为:itis…sustainedifdeathpenaltyanditis这是一个能够支持的论点如果这种同情能够激发那些不支持死刑犯拥护的人士面这种同情不是对人们精神折磨的同情而是对对毁掉生命奇迹的一种同情.
9.offen__sagainstthelaw犯罪;today时间状语;severity:serious;penalcode刑法;civil民法;
10.当一个人杀死他的受害者或者只抢了少部分的钱财这对他的命运而言没有大的区别当我们这位爵士成功的减轻了过度严厉的刑法时也不见得那种谋杀案有任何的增多.Sir爵士做先生的时不可加姓或名;意为:ifujusttakeawaythispenaltythereisnogreatharmtosociety;lightening减轻;ex__ssive过度的过分的;nomore..than:thesameas..与…都不多两个没多大区别
11.onearth人世间;intheworldtocome来世;
12.nor表示和前面一定有__并用倒装;gaoler监狱看守gaoler-gaol监狱;galobird;long-drawn:longtime;condemned该死的受人谴责的__ll;__llsingleroom-prison;inflictupon给谁带来;inflictsth.ordealon__.;
13.mumbo-jumbo繁文缛节;it:deathpenalty;两个繁文缛节:pen-wiper/thereading
14.self-satisfied自我满足的;modernity时髦现代性;
15.administration监护;administer;sleepingdraughtpill___;administrationsthtosomeone让某人吃什么药;fromwhich由于;which指draught;alternative=repla__ment;替换;ifcapitalpunishment..beretained.虚拟语气;。