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Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsⅠ.阅读理解Environmentalistssaidourplanetwasdoomedtodie.Nowonemansaystheyarewrong.“Everyoneknowstheplanetisinbadshape”thunderedamagazinearticlelastyear.Speciesarebeingdriventodieoutatrecordratesandtheriversaresopoisonousthatfisharefloatingonthesurfacedead.Butthere’sagrowingbeliefthatwhateveryonetakesforgrantediswrong:thingsareactuallygettingbetter.Anewbookisabouttooverturnourmostbasicassumptionsabouttheworld’senvironment.Riversseasrainandtheatmosphereareallgettingcleaner.Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.TheSkepticalEnvironmentalistbyBjornLomborgprofessorofstatisticsattheUniversityofAarhusinDenmarkisanattackonthemisleadingclaimsofenvironmentalgroupsandthe“badnews”culturethatmakespeoplebelieveeverythingisgettingworse.Nowtheattacksareincreasinglycoiningfromleft-wingenvironmentalistssuchasLomborgaformermemberofGreenpeace.Theaccusationisthatalthoughtheenvironmentisimprovinggreengroups——withprofitsofhundredsofmillionsofpoundsayear——areusingscaretactics谋略togaindonations.Lomborg’sbookdoesn’tdenyglobalwarming——probablythebiggestenvironmentalthreat——butdestroysalmosteveryotherenvironmentalclaimwithmanyofficialstatistics.TheWorldwatchInstituteclaimsthat“deforestationhasbeenacceleratingoverthelast30years”.ButLomborgsaysthatissimplyrubbish.Sincethedawnofagriculturetheworldhaslostabout20percentofitsforestcoverbutinrecentdecadestheforestarea’sdepletinghascometoastop.AccordingtoUNfigurestheareaofforestshasremainedalmoststeadyatabout30percentoftotallandareasincethe1940s.ForestsincountriessuchastheUStheUKandCanadahaveactuallybeenexpandingoverthepast40years.DespiteallthewarningstheAmazonrainforesthasonlyshrunk(缩小)byabout15percent.Norareallourspeciesdyingout.Somecampaignersclaimthat50percentofallspecieswillhavediedoutwithin50years.Butotherstudiesshowonly
0.08percentofspeciesaredyingouteachyear.Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist.Environmentalgroupsclaimthatmanyoftheimprovementsaretheresultsofthesuccessoftheircampaigns.StephenTindaledirectorofGreenpeaceUKsaid“Thereareimportantexamplessuchasacidrainandozonewherethingsaren’tasbadaspredictedandthat’sbecausebehaviorhaschanged.”
1.InhisbookTheSkepticalEnvironmentalistwhatisLomborg’smainargumentA.Ourplanetisinbadshape.B.Theworld’senvironmentisimproving.C.Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.D.Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.
2.WhatisLomborg’smainaccusationofenvironmentalistsA.Theyscaredpeopleintomakingdonations.B.Theyoverturnedourbasicassumptionsabouttheworld’senvironment.C.Theychangedtheirbehaviortowardtheenvironment.D.Theyonlytoldpeoplebadnewsabouttheenvironment.
3.Theunderlinedword“depleting”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“_____”.A.ReducingB.limitingC.ExpandingD.accelerating
4.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEA.Thetotalareaofforestsintheworldhasincreasedsignificantly.B.Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarenotasbadasfirstexpected.C.Itappearsthatthebaldeaglewillnowsurvive.D.Inthelast50yearsthenumberofwhaleshasincreased.Puttingtogetherlunchesthatyourchildrenwillenjoycanseemlikeadifficulttaskasyoustruggletomeetthetastesofyourkidswithallofthefoodintheworld.Therearesometipsforyoutocompletethisandgiveyourkidsahealthytreatatthesametime.5Haveyourkidsselecttheirownlunchboxesorlunchbags.Thiswillletthemexpresstheirpersonalstyleandwillallowthemtomakeachoice.Theycangivethepresentationoftheirlunchapersonaltouchthatwillmakeitmoreattractive.Mostolderkidspreferplainbrownbags.6Buyafrozenicepackorfreezethejuiceboxesyouplantoinclude.7Inthiswayheorshedoesn’tendupwithsoggysandwichesandotherlunchproblems.Containersarelikelyto“sweat”alittlewhentheythawsowrapthemupwelltoavoidanysogginesssoakingthrough.Trytoincludeagoodcombinationofyourchild’sfavoritesnacksandhealthychoices.Ifyouincludeablandsandwichandapileofcarrotsticksyourchildmayendupputtingthelunchonthetradingblock.Butifyoupackluncheswithdelicioustreatsandhealthychoiceskidsaremoreapttoeateverythinginthebagandlookforwardtolunchthenextday.8Packingschoollunchesisoftenataskthatmomsanddadsmayfearbutitdoesn’thavetoendupthatway.9A.Likeallthingsinlifepackingschoollunchesisreallyallaboutbalance.B.Howeveryoungerkidswilljumpatthechancetopickafunlunchbag.C.Oneofthefirstthingsyouneedtodoistomakesurethatyourkidshavetherightcontainersforlunch.D.Youcanconsultitwithyourchildrenaheadoftime.E.Youcanpackaschoollunchthatisbothexcitingandhealthyjustbybeingalittlecreative.F.Thefrozenjuicewilllookinvitingandmakeyourchildhaveagoodappetite.G.Thiswillhelprefrigerateeverythinginyourchild’slunch.Ⅱ.完形填空OnedayIpulleduptomyapartmentbuildingandnoticedtherewasafatheranddaughter1somethingsfromamovingtruck.NormallyI’mshyawayfromcontactwith
2.Thatparticularday,though,somethingwasinme;Ican’texplain3,butIfeltlikeIshouldjusthelpthesepeople,even4somethingasseeminglyunimportantasunloadingatruck.SoI5andintroducedmyself,welcomedthemtothetown,andaskedthemtogivemean6toputsomepropershoeson.AfterIhadflip-flops夹趾拖鞋on,Iwentoverandhelpedthemmovealloftheir7intotheapartment.Afterwefinished,wetalkedsomeandIgottoknowmynew
8.Itmightseemunimportant,butitseemslikepeopleareless9andfriendlytotheirneighborsthesedays;Iwantedto10that,atleastinmysmall11block.Sowedidtalk,andthey’refromFlorida,justlikeme.Atthat12timeinmylife,Iwasgoingthroughareallydifficult13withmygirlfriendof7years.Ididn’tfeellikehelpinganyoneordoinganything14,butIfiguredwhynot?AndI’mgladIdid.Also,as15wouldhaveit,theirdaughterismyagecollegestudentandweeachhadamutual相互的16inoneanother.Thisdevelopedintoafriendship,andinthecomingmonths,probablymore.The17wastheactitself,though.Igottoknowmynewneighborsandmadesomenewfriendsinthe
18.AndIfeltreallygoodaboutit.Sincethen,I’vetried19mycomfortzonetoperformotherunplannedactsof
20.Sofar,sogood.I’dencourageeveryoneelsetodothesame!
1.A.stealingB.burdeningC.UnloadingD.packing
2.A.teachersB.strangersC.FriendsD.parents
3.A.whichB.whyC.WhatD.when
4.A.withB.aboutC.ForD.on
5.A.cameupB.cameonC.cameoutD.cameback
6.A.momentB.handC.HourD.break
7.A.treasureB.goodsC.FurnitureD.belongings
8.A.neighborsB.girlfriendC.StudentsD.classmates
9.A.openB.afraidC.CuriousD.lucky
10.A.changeB.acceptC.ReceiveD.observe
11.A.houseB.schoolC.ApartmentD.company
12.A.particularB.commonC.NormalD.usual
13.A.breakoutB.breakupC.BreakthroughD.breakdown
14.A.primitiveB.positiveC.MeaninglessD.important
15.A.luckB.accidentC.SuccessD.result
16.A.choiceB.habitC.LoveD.interest
17.A.awardB.chanceC.RewardD.prize
18.A.gameB.processC.ProgramD.direction
19.A.expandingB.decreasingC.ReducingD.closing
20.A.successB.courageC.KindnessD.considerationⅢ..语法填空Eachofusfailsfromtimetotime.Ifwearewiseweacceptthesefailuresasanecessarypartofthelearningprocess.
1.alltoooftenasparentsandteacherswedonotallowourchildrentohavethesameright.Weconveyeitherbywordsorbyactionsthatfailureissomethingtobeashamed
2.andthatnothingbuttopperformancelivesuptoour
3.expect.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressureIthinkofDonnie.Hewas
4.shyandnervousperfectionist.Hisfearoffailure
5.keephimfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.Heseldomansweredquestionsforfear
6.hemightbewrong.Heseldomfinishedhisworkbecausehe
7.repeatcheckedwithmetobesurehehadn’tmadeamistake.Itriedmybesttobuildup
8.(he)self-confidence.AndIfrequentlyaskedGodfordirection.Butnothingchangeduntilmidterm
9.MaryAnneastudentteacherwasappointedtoourclassroom.Shewasyoungandprettyandshelovedchildren.MypupilsDonnie
10.includeadoredher.WithherfrequentencouragementDonniebecameconfident.答案Ⅰ阅读理解语篇导读“环境一直在变坏,我们的星球末日将要来临”,这是环保主义者们发出的警告,然而兰伯格的新书却提出了完全相反的观点,他批驳了环保主义者们耸人听闻的言论
1.B细节理解题根据文章第一段与第三段可知Lomborg在TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist中的观点argument是环境状况正在改善,因此选项B正确,C项只是他观点的一部分,不全面,故排除
2.A细节理解题根据文章第四段中的第2句话可知Lomborg指责环保主义者们利用恐吓手段让人们捐款
3.A猜测词义题第五段Lomborg通过一些数据反驳了TheWorldwatchInstitute的观点“deforestationhasbeenaccelerationoverthelast30years”,Lomborg认为在最近几十年森林面积的缩小已经停止,因此选择reducing
4.C细节判断题根据文章倒数第二段中的“Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist”可知秃鹰已经不属于濒危的物种了,由此可知C项正确B语篇导读孩子上午带午餐常苦恼着父母带什么东西?用什么工具带午餐?作者给出了一些锦囊妙计
5.【解析】上段最末一句是“Therearesometipsforyou…”,这里当然用“Oneofthefirstthingsyouneedtodois…”,来引出第一条建议【答案】C
6.【解析】考查对比和转折关系上文说到“Mostolderkidspreferplainbrownbags”因此,这里宜用表对比的词,故应选B项“Howeveryoungerkidswilljumpatthechancetopickafunlunchbag”【答案】B
7.【解析】考查行文逻辑注意上下文有关键信息词“afrozenicepackorfreezethejuiceboxesyouplantoinclude”而选项中“Thiswillhelprefrigerateeverythinginyourchild’slunch”refrigerate表“冰冻”,与上文frozenicefreeze有关联,因此才有下文“Inthiswayheorshedoesn’tendupwithsoggysandwichesandotherlunchproblems.”soggy意为“潮湿的”【答案】G
8.【解析】本选项与本段句首的主题句相呼应给孩子带的午餐既要是孩子爱吃的,又要是健康的,这要保持平衡【答案】A
9.【解析】本段是对全文关键信息的重申,全文结构为提出观点→具体建议→重申或归纳观点【答案】EⅡ.完形填空语篇导读作者曾经不喜欢帮助别人,一次偶然地机会促使他主动帮新邻居搬行李之后为了改变如今邻里之间关系冷淡的情况,他就主动与新邻居交谈,从而收获了很多
1.C根据下文“fromamovingtruck”及“somethingasseeminglyunimportantasunloadingatruck”可知是从车上卸东西
2.B新来的邻居,应该属于陌生人句意通常我都不愿意和陌生人接触
3.C根据前文“somethingwasinme”所以本空格内应该是指“something”句意我内心有某种东西,我不能解释是什么东西,故用what
4.A此处的介词,应该和前边的动词help构成搭配,意思为“帮助某人某事”helpsomebodywithsomething是符合这个意思的固定搭配此题难点在于很多同学看不出与动词help的联系
5.A因此我走近他们,介绍自己comeup来,走近comeon\[祈使语气\]跟我来,来吧,快点来,进步,发展;comeout出来;花开出,书等出版;comeback回来,想起来,复原,恢复
6.A句意给我点时间去换鞋
7.Dtreasure珍贵的东西;goods货物;furniture家具;belongings所有物,财产,行李根据语境,新搬来的邻居,应该包含所有物
8.A根据句意可知应该是和新邻居交谈
9.Abeopento是“愿意接受……”的意思
10.A句意我决定改变这种情况
11.C句意至少在我这个公寓大楼里要改变这种现状apartmentblock意为“公寓大楼”
12.A根据上文照应“NormallyI’mshyawayfromcontactwithstrangers.Thatparticularday,though,somethingwasinme”可知是在叙述那particularday发生的事情,所以答案为particular
13.Bbreakup分离,分手,分裂
14.B根据文章意思可知作者由于失恋不愿意去帮助别人或者去做一些积极向上的事
15.Aasluckwouldhaveit为固定词组“碰巧”
16.D根据后面介词“in”可知答案首选interest
17.C句意但是回报正是这个行为本身reward回报
18.Bintheprocess在这过程中
19.Acomfortzone“一个让人感觉舒适而满意的环境”这里指,自己的交往范围expandcomfortzone扩大满意环境
20.Cactsofkindness意为“善举”Ⅲ..语法填空
1.But
2.of
3.expectations
4.a
5.kept
6.that
7.repeatedly
8.his
9.when
10.included。