还剩16页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
专题10 定语从句考纲展示 命题探究基础点关系代词的基本用法1which的用法which用于指物或替代整个句子,在从句中可作主语或宾语Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.在为学生营造自由交流的氛围这方面,她很有天赋2that的用法that既可指人又可指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时常可省略that指人时常可与who或whom互换,指物时常可与which互换Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseumthat/whichhadbeenconstructedthreeyearsbefore.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆3whowhom的用法who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略Ivebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友4whose的用法whose表所属关系,既可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语指物时相当于ofwhich;指人时相当于ofwhomTheschoolshopwhosecustomersaremainlystudentsisclosedfortheholidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生,放假时商店关门5as的用法as作关系代词既可指人也可指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语引导限制性定语从句时,一般用于such...as...thesame...as...as...as...结构中另外,as也可引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个句子SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的“Youcantjudgeabookbyitscover,”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话所说的那样“人不可貌相”重难点1 限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况1先行词为不定代词allanythingnothingsomethingeverythingnothingnonetheone等或被不定代词修饰时Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_thatwassomeoneelsesfault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责2当先行词被theonlytheveryanyfewlittlenoall等词修饰时Thisisthe_verypersonthatImwaitingfor.这正是我在等的那个人3当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthe_most_interestingfilmthatIveeverseen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影4当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时Whatisthe_firstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen你看过的第一部美国电影是什么?5当先行词既有人又有物时Doyouknowthe_things_and_persons_thattheyaretalkingabout你知道他们在谈论什么人和什么事情吗?2 当先行词指物时,定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况1在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用thatHelenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheotherswhich_ofcoursemadetheothersenvyhim.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子都要好,这当然让他们对他很嫉妒2当定语从句中的介词提前时,只用which不用thatThisistheschoolin_whichIoncestudied.这是我曾经读过书的学校3 关系代词which与as的区别1as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活,可以放在句首、句中和句末;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面AsweknowChinaisfamousforitsFourGreatInventions./ChinaasweknowisfamousforitsFourGreatInventions./ChinaisfamousforitsFourGreatInventionsasweknow.众所周知,中国因四大发明而闻名Itwasrainingheavilywhichkeptusindoors.雨下得很大,我们出不了门了2as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态如asisknownaswassaidasisreported等如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态,一般用which作主语Shehasbeenabsentagainasisexpected.她又缺席了,这在预料之中Tomhasmadegreatprogresswhichmakesmeveryhappy.汤姆取得了很大进步,这使我很高兴特别提醒as常用在下列习惯用语中aseverybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore正如以前所说的那样asismentionedabove正如上面提到的asisoftenthecase情况往往是这样3在限制性定语从句中当先行词被thesamesuch修饰时,其后的定语从句用as来引导而不用which,关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetold.我从未听过他讲的这类故事as作宾语Heisnotthe_samemanashewas.他和过去不同了as作表语 [考法综述] 定语从句关系代词的基本用法,尤其是关系代词thatwhichwhowhose在语篇语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及,近五年考查了32次,可见其重要性命题法 考查限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法典例1 IdskippednearbyGuilinadreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.[答案] that/which 句意我曾与桂林擦身而过,那是游客尽览石灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之境,是被中国艺术家在很多绘画作品中描绘的地方设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver,且引导词在从句中作主语,故填关系代词that或which典例2 ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadershipthatshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.________________________________________________________[答案] 第一个that→which 此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个句子,故用which【解题法】 考查关系代词时的必备知识和一般解题思路1首先要了解关系代词的基本用法;whowhomthat先行词为人;thatwhich先行词为物;whose先行词既可以是人,也可以是物2在语法填空中,考查关系代词是不给提示词的,首先判断先行词是人还是物;其次,确定先行词在定语从句中所作的成分;最后判断是限制性还是非限制性定语从句,最终确定先行词3在短文改错中,除了考查关系代词的基本用法外,还会涉及到that与which的区别,as与which的区别,主要考查关系代词的错用A.单句填空1.Orperhapsyouaretheonlyone________isinterestedinlisteningtotheballgame.答案 who/that [分析句子结构知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词one指人且在从句中作主语,故填who/that]2.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultureseachof________usesitdifferently.答案 which [句意英语是一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言,而且每一种文化使用它的方式也不同设空处前后两部分之间既没有并列连词也没有从属连词,故后面部分应为定语从句,又因为先行词是cultures,且关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,所以填which]3.Acompany________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.答案 whose [句意从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会本题考查定语从句先行词为company,将先行词代入定语从句后为Thecompanysprofitsfromhomemarketsaredeclining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose]4.Wellreachthesalestargetsinamonth________wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.答案 which/that [句意一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标在本句中,先行词是thesalestargets,关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语,所以填关系代词which/that]5.TheGreensstayedinBeijingforaweekduring________theyvisitedplacesofinteresthereguidedbyme.答案 which [先行词为aweek,表示时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故用duringwhich引导定语从句duringwhich相当于when]6.Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandnature________,forsomereasonhadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.答案 who [先行词是apainter,从句中缺少主语,故用who在此引导定语从句]7.Takeacouplebreathsandthinkofsomething________givesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnatureorsomeoneyoulove.答案 that [句意深呼吸几次,然后想一想给你带来快乐的东西该定语从句中缺主语,先行词为不定代词something故填that]8.FlorenceinItaly________beautyisbeyonddescriptionisthecitythatIhavebeendreamingofvisiting.答案 whose [句意意大利的佛罗伦萨市的美丽是用言语难以描述的,它是我一直梦想去旅游的城市本空需要关系代词引导定语从句并在从句中作定语,因此填whose]9.NelsonMandelasdeathmayintheshorttermuniteSouthAfricainways________haveneverbeenseenbefore.答案 that/which [从语境看,本空需要关系代词引导定语从句修饰ways,并在从句中作主语,表示“以前从来没有人见过的方式”,因此这里用that/which引导定语从句]B.单句改错1.Itisatrulydelightfulplaceaslooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.________________________________________________________答案 第一个as→which [先行词是place,非限制性定语从句中缺主语,as往往有“正如,就像”的意思,不符合句意]2.Thenumberofsmokerswhichisreportedhasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.________________________________________________________答案 which→as [根据分析,此处指代的是整个句子,表示“如同,正如”,故用as]3.Thebooksonthedeskwhichcoversareshinyareprizesforus.________________________________________________________答案 which→whose [先行词为thebooks,与covers是所属关系,故用whose]4.Pleasesendusalltheinformationwhichyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.________________________________________________________答案 which→that [先行词theinformation前有all修饰,故用that]5.Untilnowwehaveraised50000poundsforthepoorchildrenthatisquiteunexpected.________________________________________________________答案 that→which [此处指代前面整个句子,且为非限制性定语从句,故用which]6.Thewholecity75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsweregonelayinruins.________________________________________________________答案 its→whose [此处为定语从句,先行词city与factoriesandbuildings为所属关系,故用whose]7.Therearetwolakesthatcovernearlyonethousandsquarekilometers.________________________________________________________答案 that→which [先行词twolakes在定语从句中作主语,且为非限制性定语从句,故用which]8.Johnoncetalkedtohismomaboutthepeopleandcitieswhichhehadvisitedabroad.________________________________________________________答案 which→that [先行词为peopleandcities,既有人又有物,故用that]
9.Thosewhichweretrappedundertheruinsfinallygotrescued.________________________________________________________答案 which→who [先行词those指代人,且作主语,故用who]10.ItwasoftenthecaseMissWangwasthefirsttoarriveattheschoolinthemorning.________________________________________________________答案 It→As [分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,aswasoftenthecase,表示“这是常有的事”,故用as]基础点关系副词的基本用法1when的用法when表时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词in/at/on/during...+which”结构Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisanintervalwhen/during_whichtheaudiencecanbuyicecream.在音乐会中间有个休息时间,在此期间观众可以购买冰淇淋2where的用法
①where表地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词in/at/on...+which”Abankistheplacewheretheylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.银行是在天晴之时借伞给你,到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方限制性定语从句
②当先行词为situationcasestagepoint等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_wheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.把孩子置于一个能使他们从不同的角度认识自己的环境对他们有益3why的用法why表原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词for+which”结构Doyouknowthereasonwhy/for_whichhedidntattendthemeeting你知道他没参加会议的原因吗?特别提醒非限制性定语从句中,常用forwhich表原因而不用whyIhadtoldthemthereasonfor_whichIdidntattendthemeeting.我把理由告诉了他们,为此我没有去开会重难点先行词相同,关系词不同的情况先行词是表示时间或地点等的名词时,虽然先行词一样,但是因为关系词在从句中所作的成分不同,所用关系词也不同具体分为以下几点1先行词是表示时间的名词时,若关系词在从句中作时间状语,则用when;若作主语、宾语等,则用that或which试比较ThedatethatIllalwaysrememberisOct.
281968.我会一直记得的日子是1968年10月28日ThedatewhenIwasbornisOct.
281968.我出生的日子是1968年10月28日2先行词是表示地点的名词时,若关系词在从句中作地点状语,则用where;若作主语、宾语等,则用that或which试比较Thisistheplacewhichwevisitedlastweek.这是我们上周参观的那个地方关系词在从句中作宾语Thisistheplacewherewewentlastweek.这是我们上周去的那个地方关系词在从句中作状语3先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,若关系词在从句中作原因状语,则用why;若作主语、宾语等,则用that或which试比较Thereasonthathetoldmeforhisbeinglateisthathegotuplate.他告诉我他迟到的原因是他起床晚了Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了4先行词是way时,若引导词在从句中充当方式状语,引导词用inwhich,that或省略;若其在从句中充当主语或宾语等成分,引导词用that或which试比较Itmustbethewaythat/in_whichyouwritethatleadstoyouruglyhandwriting.一定是你写字的方式导致了你难看的书写Thewaythat/whichyoucameupwithatthemeetingyesterdayiswellworthtrying.你在昨天的会议上提出的方法很值得一试5先行词是time时,如果time作“次数”讲,应当用关系代词that来引导定语从句;time作“一段时间”讲时,若关系词在从句中作状语,则用关系副词when或at/in/duringwhich;若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语等,则用that/whichThisisthesecondtimethatthePresidenthasvisitedthecountry.这是总统第二次访问这个国家了Therewasatimewhen/during_whichtherewerenoradiosandnoTVsets.曾经有一段时间既没有录音机也没有电视机 [考法综述] 关系副词的基本用法,在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及,近五年考了14次命题法 同一类先行词,关系代词that、which和关系副词when、where、why的区别典例1 AsthesmallestchildofhisfamilyAlexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.[答案] when 句意作为家里年龄最小的一个孩子,Alex一直渴望着他能够有独立的时间根据句子结构来判断,此句中thetime后面是一个定语从句,且空处在从句中作状语,表示时间,所以要用关系副词when典例2 TheexactyearwhenAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas
2008.________________________________________________________[答案] when→that/which或去掉when year虽然是表时间的先行词,但作spent的宾语,故用that/which或者省略【解题法】 关系代词that/which和关系副词when/where/why的必备知识和一般解题思路1首先要了解关系代词that/which和关系副词when/where/why的基本用法当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的词时,分析先行词在定语从句中所作成分,来判断用关系代词还是关系副词2在语法填空中,考查关系副词是不给提示词的,先观察空格前的先行词,然后判断先行词在定语从句中作状语,从而选择相应的关系副词3在短文改错中,经常涉及相同先行词关系代词that/which与关系副词when/where/why错用,因此,分析句子成分很重要A.单句填空1.OppositeisSt.PaulsChurch________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.答案 where [句意对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你能听到一些美妙的音乐分析句子结构可知,“________youcanhearsomelovelymusic”是非限制性定语从句,where替代先行词St.PaulsChurch在定语从句中作地点状语]2.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.答案 where [句意该公司的老板在努力营造一种轻松的氛围,在这种氛围中,他的员工们可以享受工作的乐趣先行词为atmosphere,将先行词代入定语从句后为Hisemployeesenjoytheirworkintheeasyatmosphere.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故答案为where]3.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunicationespeciallyatwork________agoodimpressionisamust.答案 where [句意这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助,尤其是在工作单位在那里必须给人留下良好的印象atwork在工作单位表地点,故用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语]4.Ididntbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.答案 when [句意我直到五年级才真正成为一个攀登者,那时,我爬到树上去拿一个被挂在树枝上的风筝在本句中,先行词为thefifthgrade,设空处在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when]5.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.答案 where [句意学生应该参加社区活动,他们从中能获得成长经验将先行词communityactivities代入定语从句后为Theycangainexperienceforgrowthfromcommunityactivities.由此可知关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where]6.—WhendidyoufirstreadMoYansstories—In2005________Iwasattendinghighschool.答案 when [句意——你第一次读莫言的故事是什么时候?——2005年我上高中的时候先行词2005,在定语从句中作状语,故用when]7.Highschoolisagoodtime________welearntogiveseriousthoughttoourfuture.答案 when [句意高中时代是一个美好的时代,在这个时代我们应该学会认真地思考我们的未来分析句子结构可知agoodtime为先行词,time意为“时代”,后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语,故用关系副词when]8.Daddecidedtobuildasmalltoolroomwithalock,________hewouldkeephisbesttoolssomybrothercouldntreachthem.答案 where [句意父亲决定建一间带锁的工具间来放他最好的工具,这样我弟弟就够不到它们了此处考查定语从句,先行词是asmalltoolroom,在从句中充当地点状语,所以用关系副词where]9.—Howdoyouunderstandlife—Itisaconstantmatch________thegreatestopponentisyourself.答案 where [句意——你如何理解生活?——它是一场没有尽头的比赛,在这个比赛中最大的对手是你自己根据句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是aconstantmatchmatch为抽象地点的名词,空处在定语从句中充当地点状语,故用关系副词where]10.Americanstudentstakepartinawidevarietyofafterschoolactivities________theydeveloptheirsocialskills.答案 where [句意美国学生参加广泛的课后活动,在活动中他们培养他们的社会技能先行词为activities,为抽象地点的名词,在定语从句中作状语,故用where]B.单句改错1.WhenIarrivedBryantookmetoseethehousewhichIwouldbestaying.________________________________________________________答案 which→where [先行词是thehouse,在定语从句中作状语且表地点,故用where]2.Whenharvestcamearoundhewasalreadysellingherbsvegetablesandcottoninthemarketthatpeoplefromthetownsmetregularly.________________________________________________________答案 that→where [先行词是market,在定语从句中作状语且表地点,故用where]3.Iamlookingforwardtothedaythatmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.________________________________________________________答案 that→when [先行词是day,在定语从句中作状语且表时间,故用when]4.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparkswhichanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.________________________________________________________答案 which→where [先行词是parks,在定语从句中作状语且表地点,故用where]5.Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatformthatvisitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.________________________________________________________答案 that→where [先行词是platform,在定语从句中作状语且表地点,故用where]6.Thisisthehospitalthathersisterhadanoperation.________________________________________________________答案 that→where [先行词是hospital,在定语从句中作状语且表地点,故用where]7.Canyouthinkofsomecasesthatdriversobviouslyknewthetrafficrulesbutdidntobeythem________________________________________________________答案 that→where [先行词cases为抽象地点名词,在定语从句中作状语,故用where]8.Everyonehasperiodsinthelivesthateverythingseemsveryhard.________________________________________________________答案 that→when [先行词periods在定语从句中作状语且表时间,故用when]9.Whichofyoucanthinkofasituationthatthisphraseisoftenused________________________________________________________答案 that→where [先行词situation为抽象地点名词,在定语从句中作状语,故用where]10.Beingadoctorisoneofthefewprofessionswhichifyoumakeamistakeitcanmeansomebodyslife.________________________________________________________答案 which→where [先行词professions在定语从句中作状语且表地点,故用where]基础点1 关系代词前介词的选择“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体中在这种结构中,“介词”的选择可依据以下几点1根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配Whoisthegirlwith_whomyoujustshookhands刚才跟你握手的那个女孩儿是谁?shakehandswith...是习惯搭配2根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配Wellneverforgetthedayon_whichweclimbeduptheGreatWall.我们永远不会忘记登上长城的那天其中涉及的搭配是ontheday3根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配Heshowsmesomeoldcoinswith_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.他给我看了一些我不熟悉的旧硬币其中涉及的搭配是befamiliarwith4根据句子所要表达的意思Wehadsupperatsixoclockafter_whichIwenttoseemyuncle.六点钟我们吃了晚饭,之后我去看了我的叔叔由于句意含有“在……之后”的意思,所以用介词after5在非限制性定语从句中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时常用介词ofHewroteabout20novelsof_whichthisisthemostsuccessful.他写了大概20部小说,其中这部是最成功的特别提醒含有固定搭配的动词短语,由于其关系紧密,不宜拆分,所以不能将介词置于关系代词之前这类常见的动词短语有lookaftertakecareoflistentolookatlookintorunacrosslookforwardtobreakinto等2 关系代词的确定“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词前置时,关系代词不能用that和who如果先行词是人,关系代词应用whom;如果先行词是物,关系代词用which介词后置时,限制性定语从句中which可用that替换,whom也可用who替换,且都可省略Isthisthepenwith_whichyouwrotetheletter这就是你写信用的那支钢笔吗?Thisisthemanfrom_whomIlearntthenews.我就是从这个人那里了解到那个消息的Theproblemabout_whichIconsultedyouhasnowbeensolved.=Theproblemwhich/thatIconsultedyouabouthasnowbeensolved.我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了3 关系副词和“介词+关系代词”的互换关系副词可以用“介词+关系代词”来替换when=at/in/on+which;where=at/in/on+which;why=forwhichDoyoustillrememberthedayon_which=whenwewenttothebeach你还记得我们去海滩的那一天吗?Wecantfindthehousein_which=whereweusedtolive.我们找不到曾经住的那座房子了Thereasonfor_which=whyherefusedtogotothepartywasthattheyhadnotinvitedhimto.他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他没受到他们的邀请重难点“介词+关系代词”的常见结构“介词+关系代词”除了“单个介词+关系代词”外,还有以下几种形式1复杂介词+关系代词whichwhomwhose常用复杂介词asaresultofatthebackofbecauseofinfrontofinthemiddleofatthebottomofatthefootofTheyarrivedatafarmhousein_front_of_whichsatanoldman.他们到达了一座农舍,农舍前坐着一位老人2单个介词+关系代词whichwhose+名词介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定HelivedinLondonforthreemonthsduring_which_timehelearnedsomeEnglish.他在伦敦生活了三个月,在此期间他学了一些英语OurEnglishteacherwith_whose_helpwehavemadegreatprogressinEnglishhascompletedthirtyyearsofteaching.我们的英语老师已经完成了30年教龄了,在他的帮助下我们的英语取得了很大进步3the+名词+of+关系代词whichwhom该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系Thisisthebookthe_cover_of_whichisdesignedbyMrJones.这本书的封面是由琼斯先生设计的4表示部分的词语+of+关系代词whichwhom表示部分的词语常见的有不定代词allbothnoneeithersomeanymostfewseveral等;数词基数词,序数词,百分数,分数;数词+名词;the+最高级/比较级Hehasfivechildrenall_of_whomarePartymembers.他有五个孩子,他们全都是党员Chinahasmanyislandsone_of_whichisTaiwan.中国有很多岛屿,台湾是其中之一Thefootballteamhas15membersthe_oldest_of_whomis25yearsold.这支足球队有15人,其中年龄最大的25岁 [考法综述] “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中会涉及,近五年考查了6次命题法 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词或介词的选择典例1 Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon________schooleducationdepends.[答案] which 句意一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能在名词skill之后则是一个由“介词upon+关系代词”引导的定语从句,此处应填入关系代词which典例2 Creatinganatmosphereinthatemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.________________________________________________________[答案] that→which 先行词是atmosphere,在定语从句中作状语,且有介词in故用which【解题法】 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的必备知识和一般解题思路1首先要了解选择介词时,主要看与先行词,从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配;选择关系代词时,主要看先行词是指人还是指物2在语法填空中,考查“介词+关系代词”是不给提示词的,考查介词时,要根据语境或固定搭配选择相应的介词;考查关系代词时,如果先行词是人,用whom;先行词是物,用which;如果缺定语,用whose3在短文改错中,考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时,主要考查介词或关系代词的错用,所以要掌握固定搭配或找准先行词A.单句填空1.Hewrotemanychildrensbooksnearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.答案 which [句意他写了许多儿童读物,几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的先行词是childrensbooks,且前有介词of,故用which]2.Johninvitedabout40peopletohisweddingmostof________arefamilymembers.答案 whom [句意John邀请了大约四十人参加他的婚礼,其中大部分是家庭成员该定语从句的先行词指人,且mostof________在从句中充当主语,空处位于介词后,故用关系代词whom引导]3.IwishtothankProfessorSmithwithout________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.答案 whose [句意我想感谢Smith教授,没有他的帮助我绝不会取得这样的成绩从句中的help是名词,与ProfessorSmith是所属关系,故此处用whose引导定语从句]4.Mariahaswrittentwonovelsbothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.答案 which [句意Maria写了两部小说,这两部小说都被拍成了电视剧逗号后面为非限制性定语从句,又因此处有介词of,因此用关系代词which]5.Weexpectyoutobecomesomeoneof________wellfeelveryproudinthefuture.答案 whom [句意我们期望将来你能成为我们的骄傲先行词为someone,关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语且指“人”,故填whom]6.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschoolafter________hewentontoPekingUniversity.答案 which [句意他在当地一所高中接受教育之后,他去了北京大学继续学业分析句子成分可知,逗号后为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,引导词置于介词之后,指代“他在当地一所高中接受教育”这件事,关系词应用which]7.Thefactisthateveryonehastogrowupandmaturewith________comesomegrowingpains.答案 which [句意事实上,每个人都不得不成长并成熟起来,在这个过程中,会伴随着一些成长的痛苦主句与从句用逗号隔开,说明这是一个非限制性定语从句;先行词为前面整个主句,且设空前有with,因此用which引导]8.AttherequestsofsomeEnglishlearnershehaspublishedalotofbooksoneof________isaboutEnglishidioms.答案 which [句意在一些英语学习者的要求下,他已经出版了许多书,其中有一本就是关于英语习语的书主句与从句用逗号隔开,可判断设空处引导非限制性定语从句;先行词为books,指物,定语从句中介词of后缺少宾语,故用which引导]9.MrsWhiteisateacherwithrichteachingexperiencefrom________muchcanbelearned.答案 whom [句意White夫人是一位教学经验丰富的老师,从她那儿能学到很多东西定语从句的先行词为MrsWhite,指人,关系词代替先行词作介词from的宾语,故用关系词whom]B.单句改错1.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutthatlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.________________________________________________________答案 that→which [“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,先行词指物时用which,故将that改为which]2.Thechildrenallofwhohadplayedthewholedaylongwerewornout.________________________________________________________答案 who→whom [先行词是children,且前有介词of,故用whom]3.Hemaywinthecompetitioninthatcaseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.________________________________________________________答案 that→which [先行词是competition,且前有介词in,故用which]4.Careofthesoulisagradualprocessinwhateventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.________________________________________________________答案 what→which [根据分析,此句为定语从句,先行词为process,且前面有介词in,故用which]5.Heintendstovisittheoldtemplewithmetherestoringofthathastakenlessthan2years.________________________________________________________答案 that→which [先行词是temple,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故用which]6.ThiscourseisbasedonaprojectoneofwhichaimsistoimprovethestudentscomprehensiveabilityinEnglish.________________________________________________________答案 which→whose [先行词为aproject在定语从句中作定语修饰aims,故用whose]7.ShebroughtwithherthreefriendsnoneofwhichIhadevermetbefore.________________________________________________________答案 which→whom [先行词是friends,且在定语从句中作of的宾语,故用whom]8.ChildrenseducationisasubjectaboutthatparentsofChinaareveryconcerned.________________________________________________________答案 that→which [先行词是subject,在定语从句中作介词about的宾语,故用which]
9.Themotherthankedtheyoungmanagainandagainwithoutwhomhelphersonwouldhavebeenkilledbythepassingcar.________________________________________________________答案 whom→whose [先行词youngman在定语从句中作定语修饰help,故用whose]易错题一与强调句型及其他句型的混合[例1] Wasitintheshop________youboughttherecorder________youlostyourpen[错解] that;where[错因分析] 考生未能分析出此句为带有定语从句的强调句型而误填答案[答案] where;that[心得体会][例2] Youdbettermakeamark________youhaveanyquestions.[错解] inwhich[错因分析] 考生误认为此句为定语从句,而误填inwhich[答案] where[心得体会]易错题二对非限制性定语从句认识不清[例1] Hestoodbythewindow________hecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.[错解] and/there[错因分析] 考生不能准确判断出此句为非限制性定语从句[答案] where[心得体会][例2] OfcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathimtheyhadtolookatMary________madeherfeellikeastar.[错解] that/it[错因分析] 考生易误填关系代词that/it[答案] which[心得体会]易错题三reasonway后的定语从句的引导词的误用[例1] Thereason________hegaveforbeinglateforclasswasthathiscarbrokedownonthewaytoschool.[错解] why[错因分析] 先行词为reason,受思维定式的影响,考生易误填why[答案] that/which[心得体会][例2] Thedevelopmentoftechnologychangestheway________peopleinteractwitheachother.[错解] how[错因分析] 先行词是way,引导词在定语从句中作方式状语,考生很容易误填how[答案] that[心得体会]。