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强化训练03 阅读理解三45分钟,100分AThebehaviourofabuildingsusersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuseaccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentreUKERC.TheUKpromisestoreduceitscarbonemissions排放by80percentby2050partofwhichwillbeachievedbyallnewhomesbeingzerocarbonby
2016.Butthisreportshowsthatsustainablebuildingdesignonitsown-thoughextremelyimportant-isnotenoughtoachievesuchreductions:thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency效率whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.“Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything,”explainsKatyJandaaUKERCseniorresearcher“consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign.”Inotherwordsoldhabitsdiehardeveninthebestdesignedecohome.Anotherpartoftheproblemisinformation.Householdsandbillpayersdonthavetheknowledgetheyneedtochangetheirenergyusehabits.Withoutspecificinformationitshardtoestimatethecostsandbenefitsofmakingdifferentchoices.Feedback反馈facilitieslikesmartmetersandenergymonitorscouldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse;somestudieshaveshownthathouseholdscanachieveupto15percentenergysavingsusingsmartmeters.Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurtherdimension方面suggestingthatindividualsbehaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted-whetherpeoplethrowopentheirwindowsratherthanturndownthethermostat恒温器forexample.Jandaarguesthateducationisthekey.Shecallsforafocusedprogrammetoteachpeopleaboutbuildingsandtheirownbehaviourinthem.
1.AstoenergyusethenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceof__________.A.zerocarbonhomesB.thebehaviourofbuildingusersC.sustainablebuildingdesignD.thereductionofcarbonemissions
2.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“__________”.A.theways B.theirhomesC.developmentsD.existingefforts
3.Theinformationgapinenergyuse__________.A.canbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilitiesB.affectsthestudyonenergymonitorsC.bringsaboutproblemsforsmartmetersD.willbecausedbybuildingusersoldhabits
4.WhatdoesthedimensionaddedbysocialscienceresearchsuggestA.Thesocialscienceresearchistobefurthered.B.Theeducationprogrammeisunderdiscussion.C.Thebehaviourofbuildingusersisunpredictable.D.Thebehaviourpreferenceofbuildingusersissimilar.【语篇解读】 在居住节能方面,建筑的使用者的行为和设计一样重要1.解析考查推理判断由本文第一段第一句中“Thebehaviourofabuildingsusersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse”信息可知居住者的行为对节能很重要答案B2.解析考查词义猜测which引导非限制性定语从句,其先行词是existingefforts答案D3.解析考查细节理解由第四段最后一句“Feedback反馈facilitieslikesmartmetersandenergymonitorscouldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse;somestudieshaveshownthathouseholdscanachieveupto15percentenergysavingsusingsmartmeters.”可知通过反馈设备可弥补居户对能量消耗不知情的状况答案A4.解析考查细节由倒数第二段中“individualsbehaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted”信息可知人们在家里的行为是不可预知的答案CBThecurrentEbola埃博拉病毒outbreakinwesternandcentralAfricahasinfectedatleast3069peopleincluding1552deadmakingitthelargestoutbreakinhistory.Ebolaisadeadlyvirus-about60percentofpeopleinfectedwithithavedied.HowisEboladoingitsharmWhenapersonbecomesinfectedwithEbolathevirusdamagesthebodysimmune免疫的cellswhichdefendagainstinfectionsaidaresearcheratLancasterUniversity.Butifapersonsimmunesystemcanstanduptothisattackthenheismorelikelytosurvivethedisease.Thepatientsthatsurviveitbestarethosewhodontgetsuchabaddisadvantageinimmunesystem.Butifthebodyisntabletogetridofthisattackthentheimmunesystembecomeslessabletoregulate调节itself.Thismeanstheimmunesystemismorelikelytorunoutofcontrolleadingtoadropinbloodpressuremultiorganfailureandeventuallydeath.WhatarethecommonsymptomsofthediseaseFever.Headache.Jointandmuscleaches.Weakness.Diarrhea.Vomiting.Stomachpain.Lackofappetite.Chilis.Rash.Rednessintheeyes.Hiccups.Cough.Sorethroat.Chestpain.Difficultbreathingorswallowing.Bleedinginsideandoutsideofthebody.HowtopreventthespreadofEbolaEbolacanbespreadprimarilyviadirectcontactwithpatientsspecificallythebloodandfluidsofaninfectedpatient.Weshouldavoidcontactwithinfectedpatientsandobjectssuchasclothingbeddingandneedlesusedbythem.Avoidareaswhereinfectionshavebeenreported.FornowthediseasehasonlybeenconfirmedincentralandWestAfricafourcasesinAmericaandEurope.Avoideatingwildcaughtbushmeat.Researchershavesuspectedthatthediseasecametohumansviaanimalsprobablythroughthemeatofprimates灵长类.Ifyoureinanareawherethediseasehasbeenreportedavoidpurchasingeatingorhandlingwildgametostayonthesafeside.Wearprotectivemedicalclothingifyourearoundinfectedpatients.Extremecautionisnecessary.Hospitalworkersmustusemasksglovesgogglesandgownswhichneededtobewornatalltimesifyourearoundinfectedpatients.HowDoPeopleSurviveEbolaDoctorsdontknowforcertainwhowillsurviveEbolaandthereisnospecifictreatmentorcureforthedisease.Althoughintheminoritysomepeopledorecoverfrominfection.Oursuggestionsinclude Maintainyourelectrolytes电解质andbodyliquid.Sportsdrinkscanbeused.Monitoryourbloodpressureandcontrolitifnecessary.Droppingbloodpressuremaybeaserioussignofinfection.Breatheinanoxygenrichenvironment.Quicklyaddressanysymptomsofinfection.Behonestaboutwhenandwhereyourefeelingpain.
1.Ebolacausesthedeathofahumanbeingby__________.A.attackinghimwithhighfeverB.regulatinghisimmunesystemC.damaginghisimmunecellsD.harmingallhisorgansdirectly
2.WhatisNOTmentionedasthesymptomofEbolaA.Feverandchills.B.Swallowingdifficulty.C.Lossofblood.D.Highbloodpressure.
3.InordernottobeinfectedbyEholaweshould__________.A.havetheclothingoftheinfectedcleanedB.avoideatingwildanimalslikemonkeysC.nottraveltoAfricaAmericaorEuropeD.stayathomewithoutgoinganywhere
4.Itistruethat__________.A.acertainnumberofpeoplesurviveEbolaB.humanhasfoundaspecialcureforEbolaC.oxygencansaveinfectedpeopleslivesD.lowbloodpressureissurelycausedbyEbola【语篇解读】 本文主要关于一种危险的传染病——埃博拉,它的严重性、症状、传播途径、预防以及作者的一些建议1.解析考查细节由文中“HowisEboladoingitsharm?”一项中第一句中“thevirusdamagesthebodysimmune免疫的cells”信息可知埃博拉破坏人的免疫细胞答案C2.解析考查细节由文中“Whatarethecommonsymptomsofthedisease?”一项内容找不到“高血压”这一症状答案D3.解析考查细节由文中“HowtopreventthespreadofEbola?”一项中“Avoideatingwildcaughtbushmeat.”信息可知不要吃野生动物肉是一种提议答案B4.解析考查细节由文中“HowDoPeopleSurviveEbola?”中“Althoughintheminoritysomepeopledorecoverfrominfection.”信息点可知有少数幸运者战胜了埃博拉答案ACChoosingtheRightResolution决定MillionsofAmericansbegan2014withthesameresolutiontheystarted2013withagoaloflosingweight.Howeversettingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight-theoutputweneedtocontrolwhatweeat-theinput输入.Thatiswetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytocontrolgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweighttryanactionableresolution:“Illstophavingdessertforlunch,”or“Illwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawellspecifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives激励includingineducationhasbeendiscussed.ForexampleresearcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecaseshegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninputlikereadingcertainbookswhileinotherstheincentiveswerebasedonoutputlikeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectonoutput.Fryersconclusionwasthattheintensivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausetheydonotknowhowtodobetteronexamasidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder”.Readingcertainbooksontheotherhandisawellsettaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoalyouhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Anditseasiertostartagainifyoufailbecauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspendingagoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacareforexample.Thisisawellspecifiedactionbasedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisntagoalbecauseitstoogeneral.Similarlyifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamilydontstopwiththisgeneralwish.ThinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandsticktolikeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrunthesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.
1.Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause__________.A.itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB.itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC.itisdependentontoomanythingsD.itisbasedonactionabledecisions
2.InRolandFryersresearchsomestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause__________.A.theyobeyedallthegeneralrulesB.theypaidmoreattentiontoexamsC.theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmatesD.theywererewardedforreadingsomebooks
3.AccordingtothewriterwhichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoalA.“Illgiveupdessert.”B.“Illstudyharder.”C.“Illcutdownmyexpense.”D.“Illspendmoretimewithmyfamily.”
4.Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould__________.A.developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcomeB.beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothemC.pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabitsD.setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutput【语篇解读】 作者以自己减肥为例来说明我们通常犯的错误——只关注了输出,而忽视了输入作者通过实验告诉我们要养成采取行动的习惯性,注重行动的过程1.解析考查推理由第二段第二句中“wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput”我们在减肥中犯的错误设定减肥目标,也就过分强调结果或输出,而不是减肥的过程,也就是不注重过程或输入答案B2.解析考查推理根据文章第三段可知针对输入的激励是让他们读书,奖励他们读书是有效的答案D3.解析考查推理根据文章第五段可知一个好的目标应该是具体可行的,而不是笼统的答案A4.解析考查推理根据文章第二段最后一句可知作者建议我们做那些我们能够采纳也能够坚持的行动习惯也就是说作者认为我们要采取一些能够成为习惯的行动答案C。