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专题五 阅读理解之词义和句义猜测题[限时15分钟]A2016·四川IfyoucouldhaveonesuperpowerwhatwoulditbeDreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadmindsseethroughwallsorhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsillybutitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.Everydayinourworkweareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We’renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomeworkplayingsportsmakingfriendsseekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteerorifyoucancontributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudodon’tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou’reolder.ButwhynotstartnowOurownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealthdevelopmentandenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.[语篇解读] 什么才是我们生活中重要的东西呢?本文鼓励人们奉献自己的一些时间和精力去帮助别人,给他人的生活带来改变,这样我们的世界会变得更美好,我们的人生才更有价值1.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2refertoA.Yourlifestyle. B.Yourlifevalue.C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.解析 推理判断题画线的句子意为“什么是你生活中重要的东西”,结合下文中的“toimprovetheworld”“thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers”等内容可以推测出,这样做体现了生命的价值,故选B项答案 B2.WhydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeverydayA.Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.B.Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.解析 细节理解题根据第三段中的“weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld”可知,C项与此处意义一致,improvetheworld与maketheworldbetter同义,故选C项答案 C3.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.解析 细节理解题根据第五段中的“youcanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself”“Volunteer...”以及“don’tbeabystanderGetinvolved...”可知B项正确答案 B4.WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphA.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.解析 推理判断题根据最后一句话中的“fuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead”可以推断出A项正确答案 AB2016·天津WhenJohnwasgrowingupotherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegardencarryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthoodhewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfactionabettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofallhewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence能力andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillantthepsychologist心理学家whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselvesothersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages2531and
47.UnderVaillanttheresearcherscomparedthemen’smentalhealthscoreswiththeirboyhoodactivityscores.Pointswereawardedforparttimejobshouseworkeffortinschoolandabilitytodealwithproblems.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeoplefivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working-atanyage-isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibilityindependenceconfidenceandcompetence-theunderpinnings基础ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolovetoworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文父母是孩子第一任老师,从小就培养孩子的适应能力,孩子长大后会受益匪浅5.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnA.Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.B.Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.C.Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily.D.Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.解析 细节理解题根据文章第一段中“Hehadmorejobsatisfactionabettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofallhewashappier.Farhappier.”可知John热爱他的事业和婚姻故选A其他三项均不符合题意答案 A6.Vaillant’swordsinParagraph2serveas________.A.adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvaluesB.ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtocompetenceC.anexampleforparents’expectationsoftheirchildrenD.anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen解析 推理判断题根据文章第二段中“Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.”可知Vaillant在本段中所说的内容是对为什么有些男孩成长为快乐男人的一种解释故D项符合题意答案 D7.Vaillant’steamobtainedtheirfindingsby________.A.recordingtheboys’effortinschoolB.evaluatingthemen’smentalhealthC.comparingdifferentsetsofscoresD.measuringthemen’sproblemsolvingability解析 细节理解题根据文章第三段中“UnderVaillanttheresearcherscomparedthemen’smentalhealthscoreswiththeirboyhoodactivityscores.”可知答案为C项答案 C8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sharp”probablymeaninParagraph4A.Quicktoreact.B.Havingathinedge.C.Clearanddefinite.D.Suddenandrapid.解析 词义猜测题通读本段内容可知,男人在童年时所做的一切与成年后该如何发展其中的关系是清楚的,明显的sharp“明显的”与clearanddefinite同义故选C答案 C9.WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphA.Competentadultsknowmoreaboutlovethanwork.B.Emotionalhealthisessentialtoawonderfuladultlife.C.Lovebringsmorejoytopeoplethanworkdoes.D.Independenceisthekeytoone’ssuccess.解析 推理判断题根据文章最后一段中“Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibilityindependenceconfidenceandcompetence-theunderpinnings基础ofemotionalhealth.”及“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolovetoworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”可知,情感健康对于精彩人生是极其重要的故选B答案 B。