还剩30页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
Lesson1BaekelandandHart__nnreportthatthe“shortsleepers”hadbeenmoreorless__erageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orsothemenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschoolworkandotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines. Ingeneralthese“shortsleeps”appearedambitiousactiveenergeticcheerfulconformist不动摇intheiropinionsandverysureabouttheircareerchoi__s.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsaton__orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.And__nyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear“nor__l”or“ac__ptable”totheirfriendsandassociates. Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreamsthe“shortsleepers”didpoorly.Morethanthistheyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashiontheirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexistedandthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway. Thesleeppatternsofthe“shortsleepers”weresimilartobutlessextremethansleeppatternsshownby__nymentalpatientscategorizedas__nic疯人. The“longsleepers”werequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHart__nnreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssin__childhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleepprotecteditandwerequitecon__rnedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe“shortsleepers.” __nyofthe“longsleepers”wereshyanxiousintroverted内向inhibited压抑passivemildlydepressedandunsureofthemselvesparticularlyinsocialsituations.Severalopenlystatesthatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.
1.Accordingtothereport______. A__nyshortsleepersneedlesssleepbynature B__nyshortsleepersareobligedtoredu__theirnightlysleeptimebecausetheyarebusywiththeirwork Clongsleeperssleepalongerperiodoftimeduringtheday D__nylongsleeperspreservetheirsleepinghabitformedduringtheirchildhood
2.__ny“shortsleepers”arelikelytoholdtheviewthat_____. Asleepisawithdrawalfromthereality Bsleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgement Csleepistheleastexpensiveitemontheirroutineprogram Dsleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles
3.Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers_____. Aareideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflife Boftenneglecttheconsequen__sofinadequatesleep Cdonotknowhowtorelaxproperly Daremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblems
4.Whensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleepthelongsleepersmight____. Aappeardisturbed Bbecomeenergetic Cfeeldissatisfied Dbeextremelydepressed
5.WhichofthefollowingisNotincludedinthepassage AIfonesleepsinadequatelyhisperfor__n__suffersandhismemoryisweakened BThesleeppatternsofshortsleepersareexactlythesaneasthoseshownby__nymentalpatients CLongandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleep DShortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerestLesson2Uponreachinganappropriateageusuallybetween18and21yearschildrenareencouragedbutnotfor__dto“le__ethenest”andbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenle__ehometheyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrange__rriagesfortheirchildrennordochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstoget__rriedRo__nticloveismostoftenthebasisfor__rriageintheUnitedStates;young_____smeettheirfuturespouses配偶throughotherfriendsatjobsandinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutionsAlthoughchildrenchoosetheirownspousestheystillhopetheirparentswillapproveoftheirchoi__s. In__nyfamiliesparentsfeelthatchildrenshould__ke__jorlifedecisionsbythemselves.Aparent__ytrytoinfluen__achildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochooseanothercareer.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertoasserttheirindependen__.Ason__ydeliberatelydecidenottogointohisfather’sbusinessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisautonomyinhisfather’sworkpla__.Thisindependen__fromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.Stronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoex__ptionintheAmericanfamilyCoexistingwithsuchloveintheAmericanfamilyareculturalvaluesofself–relian__andindependen__.
1.Thewriterdiscussesthe__rriageofyoung_____sinordertoshowwhichofthefollowing ATheyenjoythe_______ofchoosingtheirspouses. BTheywanttowinthepermissionoftheirparents. CTheyh__eastrongdesiretobecomeindependent. DTheywanttochallengetheauthorityoftheirparents.
2.Mostyoung_____sintheU.S.get__rriedforthesakeof____. Alove Bfinancialcon__rn Ctheirparents Dfamilybackground
3.Basedonthepassageitcanbeassumedthat______. AAmericanyoung_____sarelikelytofollowthesuitoftheirparents BmostAmericanpeoplenever__ke__jordecisionsfortheirchildren CAmericanyoung_____spossessculturalvaluesofindependen__ Don__ayoungpersonstepsintohistwentieshewillle__ehishomeper__nently
4.Asonisunwillingtoworkinhisfather’sbusiness__inlybecause_____. Ahewishesto__kefulluseofwhathehaslearntinschool Bhewantstoprovehisindependen__ Chewishestodotheoppositeofwhathisparentsapproveof Dhewantstoshowhisloveforhisparents
5.Thesu__ect__tterofthisselectionis_____. Afamilyvalues B__rriagearrangements Cthepursuitofacareer Ddecision__kingLesson3Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtextoureyesmoveacrossapageinshortjerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixateweseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeofrwhichtheeyesstop---thedurationofthefixation----variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovaieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermoreitcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness. Unfortunatelyinthepast__nyreadingimprovementcoursesh__econ__ntratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreadingnumerousexercisesh__ebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstan__insomeexerciseswordsareflashedontoascreenforsayatenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsome__ntralpointtakinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuc__ssivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareverycleverbutit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequentlyforthesereasons__nyexpertsh__enowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetrainingespeciallysin__anyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext. Q:
1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsex__pt________. A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext B.one’spurposeinreading C.thelengthofagroupofwords D.lightingandtiredness
2.Theauthor__ybelievethatreading______. A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly C.de__ndsandeeply-participatingmind D.de__ndsmoremindthaneyes 3Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparapraph A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted. B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords. C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading. D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime. B.__nyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining. C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading. D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.
5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis________ Acritical Bneutral CprssimisticDoptimisticLesson4Ourquarrelwithefficiencyisnotthatitgetsthingsdonebutthatitisathiefoftimewhenitle__esusnoleisuretoenjoyourselvesandthatitstrainsournerveswhenwetrytogetthingsdoneperfectly.InbuildingbridgesAmericanengineerscalculatesofinelyandexactlyasto__kethetwoendscometogetherwithinone-tenthofaninch.ButwhentwoChinesebegintodigatunnelfrombothsidesofamountainbothcomeoutontheotherside.--TheChinese’sfirmbeliefisthatitdoesn’t__ttersolongasatunnelisdugthroughandifweh__etwoinsteadofonewhyweh__eadoubletracktoboot. Thepa__ofmodernindustriallifeforbidsthiskindofgloriousand__gnifi__ntidling.Butworsethanthatitimposesuponusadifferentcon__ptionoftimeasmeasuredbytheclockandeventuallyturnsthehu__nbeingintoaclockhimself.ThissortofthingisboundtocometoChinaasisevidentforinstan__inthecaseofafactoryoftwentythousandworker.Theluxuriousprospectoftwentythousandworkerscominginattheirownsweetpleasureatallhoursisofcoursesomewhatterrifying.Neverthelesssuchefficiencyiswhat__keslifesohardandfullofexcitement.A__nwhohastobepunctuallyata__rtainpla__atfiveo’clockhasthewholeafternoonfromonetofiveruinedforhimalready.EveryAmerican_____isarranginghistimeonthepatternoftheschoolboy-threeo’clockforthisfiveo’clockforthatsix-thirtyforchangeofdresssix-fiftyforenteringthetaxiandseveno’clockforarrivingatthedestination.Itjust__keslifenotworthliving.
1.Thewritero__ectstoefficiency__inlyonthegroundsthatit____. Aentitlesustotoomuchleisuretime Burgesustogetthingsdonepunctually Cdeprivesusofleisuretime Dimposesonusaperfectcon__ptoftime
2.Intheeyesoftheauthortheintroductionofindustriallifegivesriseto____. Atheexcitementoflife B__gnifi__ntidlingoftime Cmoreemphasisonefficiency Dterrifyingschoolboy
3.Thepassage____sus____. AChineseworkerscometoworkwhenitisconvenient BallAmericansarefor__dtobeefficientagainsttheirwill CChineseengineersareonbettertermswiththe__nagement DAmericansoughtnottoworksohardforefficiency
4.Theauthorbelievesthatrelaxingtheruleofpunctualityinfactorieswouldleadto____. Agreatconfusion Bincreasedproduction Cahardandexcitinglife Dsuc__ssfulcompletionofatunnel
5.WhatisimpliedbutNOTstatedbytheauthoristhat____. AeveryAmericanisarranginghistimeinthepatternofaschoolboy BeveryAmericanisreluctanttobeefficient Ceveryoneshouldh__esometimetospendashepleases DbeingpunctualisanundesirablehabitwhichshouldnotbeformedLesson5Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtextoureyesmoveacrossapageinshortjerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixateweseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeofrwhichtheeyesstop---thedurationofthefixation----variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovaieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermoreitcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness. Unfortunatelyinthepast__nyreadingimprovementcoursesh__econ__ntratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreadingnumerousexercisesh__ebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstan__insomeexerciseswordsareflashedontoascreenforsayatenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsome__ntralpointtakinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuc__ssivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareverycleverbutit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequentlyforthesereasons__nyexpertsh__enowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetrainingespeciallysin__anyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext. Q:
1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsex__pt________. A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext B.one’spurposeinreading C.thelengthofagroupofwords D.lightingandtiredness
2.Theauthor__ybelievethatreading______. A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly C.de__ndsandeeply-participatingmind D.de__ndsmoremindthaneyes 3Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparapraph A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted. B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords. C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading. D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime. B.__nyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining. C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading. D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.
5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis________ Acritical Bneutral Cprssimistic DoptimisticLesson6Thegreatestcontributiontocivilizationinthe__ntury__ywellbetheair-conditioning-andAmericanleadsjustasa__zingisthespeedwithwhichthissituationcametobe.Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomesoffi__sfactoriestheatresshopsstudiosschoolshotelsandrestaurants. ButnoteverybodyisawarethathighcostandeasycomfortaremerelytwooftheeffectsofthevastcoolingofAmerican.Infactairconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms. __nyofthebyproductsaresoconspicuousthattheyarescar__lynoti__d.Tobeginwithair-conditioningtransformedthefa__ofAmericaby__kingpossiblethoseglassyboxysealed-inskyscrapers.Ithasbeenindispensablenolesstothefunctioningofsensitiveadvan__dcomputerswhosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled... Ithasatwillfor__dfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindowsreducingtheinteractionsofnei___orhoodlife.Itisreallysurprisingthatthepublic’softennotedwithdrawalintoself-pursuitandprivacyhascoincidedwiththehistoricspreadofair-conditioning.Thoughscien__haslittlestu___dhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbodysomemedicalexpertssuggestthatlikeothertechnical__oidan__ofnaturalvariationsincli__teair-conditioning__yda__gethehu__ncapacitytoadapttostress.Ifsoair-conditioningisonlylike__nyothergreatlyusefultechnicaldevelopmentsthatliberate__nfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway-whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.
1.AccordingtothisselectionwhichofthefollowingconstitutestheuniquecharacterofU.S. AItsex__ssiveuseofair-conditioning. BItsadvan__dcomputerizedcivilization. CItspublic’sretreatingintoself-pursuit. DItsgreatestcontributiontohu__ncivilization.
2.Accordingtotheauthorthechiefconsequen__broughtaboutbythewideapplicationofair-conditioningis____. Athelossofhu__ncapacitytoadapttochangesincli__te Bthereductionofsocialcommunicationsofnei___orhoodlife Ctheactivelifestyleofallitsusers Dthedecreasedhu__nproductionandpower
3.Thetoneofthisselectionrevealsthatair-conditioning____. Ahaslittleeffectonitsusers Bhasmoreeffectonbodythanonmind Cbringsmorebenefitsthanda__getoitsusers Ddoesharmaswellasgoodtoitsusers
4.Whobenefitstheleastfromair-conditioningaccordingtotheauthor AMedicalexperts. B__nufacturers. CFactorylaborers. DConsumers.
5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardsair-conditioning ANeutral BO__ective CCritical DCompromisingLesson7Untilthe1980stheAmericanhomelesspopulationcomprised__inlyolder__les.Todayhomelessnessstrikesmuchyoungerpartofsociety.Infacta25-citysurveybytheU.S.Conferen__of__yorsin1987foundthatfamilieswithchildren__keupthefastestgrowingpartofthehomelesspopulation.__nyhomelesschildrengatherininnercities;thistransient变化无常的andfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems—bothlegalandeducational—foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers.Esti__tesofthenumberofhomelessAmericansrangefrom350000tothreemillion.Likewiseesti__tesofthenumberofhomelessschoolchildrenvaryradically.AU.S.DepartmentofEducationreportbasedonstateesti__tesstatesthatthereare220000homelessschool-agechildrenaboutathirdofwhomdonotattendschoolonaregularbasisButtheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessesti__testhatthereareatleasttwotimesas__nyhomelesschildrenandthatlessthanhalfofthemattendschoolregularly. Onepartofthehomelesspopulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe“throwaway”youthswhoh__ebeencastoftheirhomes.TheElementarySchool__nterinNewYorkCityesti__testhatthereare
1.5millionofthem__nyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstayinfamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets. FederallawtheStewartB.McKinneyHomelessAssistan__Actof1987includesasectionthataddressestheeducationalneedsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthebeliefthatallhomelesschildrenh__etherighttoafreeappropriateeducation.
1.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat____. Athewriterhimselfishomelesseveninhiseighties B__nyolderhomelessresidentsaregoingonstrikein25cities Cthereisaseriousshortageofacademicfacilities Dhomelesschildrenaredeniedtheopportunityofre__ivingfreeeducation
2.TheNationalCoalitionforthehomelessbelievesthatthenumberofhomelesschildrenis_____. A350000 B1500000 C440000 D110000
3.Onepartofthehomelesspopulationisdifficulttoesti__te.Thereasonmightwellbe____. Athehomelesschildrenaretooyoungtobecountedaschildren Bthehomelesspopulationisgrowingrapidly Cthehomelesschildrenusuallystayoutsideschool Dsomehomelesschildrenaredesertedbytheirfamilies
4.TheMcKinneyActismentionedinthispassageinordertoshowthat___. Atheeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildrenarebeingrecognized Btheesti__tesonhomelesschildrenarehardtodetermine Ctheaddressofgrade-schoolchildrenshouldbelocated Dallhomelesspeopleareentitledtofreeeducation
5.Thepassage__inlydealswith____. Athelegalproblemsofthehomelesschildren Btheeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildren Cthesocialstatusofolder__les Desti__tesonthehomelesspopulationLesson8Can__risfearedbyeveryone.Andthisfearisreachingepidemic流行性proportions.Notthediseaseitself—thereisnosuchthingasacan__repidemic.Ex__ptforlungcan__rmostlycausedbycigarette__okingtheinciden__ratesarelevelingoffandinthecaseofsomekindsofcan__raredecreasing.Butthefearofcan__riscatchingandthecountrystandsatriskofananxietyTheearthitselfiscomingtoseemlikeahugecarcinogen致癌物.Theordinarymoreorlessscientificstatementthatsomethingbetween80and90per__ntofallcan__rsareduntothingsintheenviro__entistakentomeanthatnoneofuswillbesafeuntilthewholeenviro__entis“cleanedup.”Thisisnotatallthemeaning.___. The80-per__ntcalculationisbasedontheunthinkabledifferen__sintheinciden__ofcan__rinvarioussocietiesaroundtheworld—forexamplethehighproportionoflivercan__rinAfricaandtheFarEaststo__chcan__rinJapanbreastcan__rinWesternEuropeandNorthAmericaandtherelativelylowfiguresforbreastcan__rinJapanandpartsofAfricaandforlivercan__rinAmerica.Thesedataindicatethere__ybespecialandspecificenviro__entalinfluen__slargelybasedonpersonallife-stylethatdeterminetheinciden__ofvariousformsofcan__rindifferentcommunities—butthatisallthedatasuggest.Theoverallinciden__ofcan__rcountingupallthecasesisprobableroughlythesameeverywhere. 1.Whichofthefollowingisclosesttomeaningtothephrase“levelingoff” ABecameverypopular BReacheditslowestlevelinpopularity CStoppedbeingpopular DStoppedincreasingitspopularity 2.Accordingtothepassagetheinciden__ofcan__risgenerallybelieved_____. Atobebasedoninactivelifestyle Btobeduetoanxiety Ctoresultfromenviro__entalinfluen__s Dtobecausedbyhe__y__oking 3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthewriter’sopinionabouttherelationshipbetweencan__randenviro__entis_____. Apositive Bnegative Cneutral Dapproving 4.Accordingtothepassagethewriterseemstofeelthat_____. Acan__rriskisontherise Bthewholeearthresemblesahugecarcinogen Ctheriskofcatchingcan__risnotsogreatasmostpeoplecon__ive Dcan__rcanbecuredsoonerorlater 5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestTITLEforthepassage ACan__randEnviro__ent BTheFearCausedbyCan__rs CDataonCan__rInciden__ DCan__randitsInvestigationLesson9AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:Theda__geanddeathtoll____couldh__ebeenmuchworse.Morethan60people___dinthisearthquake.Bycomparisonandearthquakeofsimilar__1__thatshookAmericain1998claimed25000victims. Injuriesanddeathswere__2__lessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.Onaholidaywhentrafficwaslightonthecity’shighway.Inaddition__3____detotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearsh__estrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways__kingthemmore__4__toquakes. Inthepast__kingstructuresquake-resist-antmeantfirmyet__5____terialssuchassteelandwoodthatbendwithoutbreaking.Laterpeopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundationandinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationto__6__theimpactofgroundvibrations.Themost__7__designsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupportscalled__artbuildingsthestructuresrespondlikelivingorgani__stoanearthquake’svibrations.Whengroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforwardthecomputerwould__8__thebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreater__9__tocitieswhereearthquakesofentakepla__. Thenew__artstructurescouldbevery__10__tobuild.Howevertheywoulds__e__nylivesandwouldbelesslikelytobeda__gedduringearthquakes. [A]changes [B]flexible [C]decrease [D]re__nt [E]push [F]redu__[G]relatively [H]safety [I]resistant [J]expensive[K]for__ [L]accordingly [M]intensity[N]security[O]opposed Lesson10Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividualtyyettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform.Whyareuniformsso__1__intheUnitedStates Amongtheargumentsforuniformsoneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmore__2__thancivilian(百姓的)clothes.Peopleh__ebecomeconditionedto__3__superiorqualityfroma__nwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepair__nwhowearsauniformtendsto__4__moretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithinthe__5__ofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whataneasierwayisthereforanurseapoli____nabarberorawaiterto__6__professionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniformUniformsalsoh__e__ny__7__benefits.Theys__eonotherclothes.Theys__eonlaundrybills.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes. Pri__ryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossof__8__experien__dbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughthereare__nytypesofuniformsthewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithitwithout__9__untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookaliketheytendtothinkspeakandact__10__onthejobatleast. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly [F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practical [M]recall [N]lose [O]ordinary Lesson11Asisknowntoalltheorganizationand__nagementofwagesandsalariesareverycomplex.GenerallyspeakingtheAccountsDepartmentis__1__forcalculationsofpaywhilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay. Ifafirmwantsto__2__anewwageandsalarystructureitisessentialthatthefirmshoulddecideona__3__ofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperfor__n__ofitsemployees.Inordertobe__4__thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers.Injobevaluationalloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription.Eachofthsoerequirementsisgivenavalueusuallyinpointswhichare__5__togethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhigher__nagementaspecialmethodisusedtoevaluate__nagersontheirknowledgeofthejobtheirresponsibilityandtheir__6__tosolveproblems.Becauseofthedifficultyinmeasuring__nagementworkhoweverjobgradesfor__nagersareoftendecidedwithout__7__toanevaluationsystembasedonpoints. InattemptingtodesignapaysystemthePersonnelDepartmentshould__8__thevalueofeachjobwiththeseinthejob__rket.__9__paymentforajobshouldvarywithanydifferen__sinthewaythatthejobisperformed.Whereitis______tomeasuretheworkdoneasintheworksdonewithhandsmonetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosenfor__10__workerswheremeasurementisdifficultmethodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed. [A]compare [B]responsible [C]useful [D]added [E]find [F]referen__ [G]indirect [H]method [I]suc__ssful [J]combined [K]Ne__ssarily [L]capacity [M]ability [N]Basically [O]adoptLesson12Asthepa__oflifecontinuestoincreasewearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Butrelaxationis__1__forahealthymindandbody. Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowayto__2__it.Infactitisnotthebadthingasitisoftensupposedtobe.A__rtainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutof__3__thatitcanleadtopoorperfor__n__andillhealth. Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplwarenotafraidofstressandsuch__4__areobviouslyprime__terialfor__nagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsightof__5__difficulties.Whenexposedtostressinwhateverformwereactbothphysicallyand__6__.Infactwe__kechoi__betweenflightorfightandinmore__7__daysthechoi__s__dethedifferen__betweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextremebuthoweverlittlethestressitinvolvesthesame__8__.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslongthroughcontinued__9__tostressthathealthbecomesendangered.Sin__wecannot__10__stressfromourlivesitwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecouldweneedtofindwaystodealwithit. AexposureBcharactersCanswerDchemically E__oidFpsychologicallyGprimitiveHtransfer IunusualJcontrolKremoveLescape MresponseNbackwardOessentialLesson13Thetypicalpre-industrialfamilynotonlyhadagood__nychildrenbutnumerousotherdependentsaswell---grandparentsunclesauntsandcousions.Suchextendedfamiliesweresuitedforsurvivalinslowpa__d__1__societies.Butsuchfamiliesarehardto__2__.Theyareimmobile.Industriali__de__nded__ssesofworkersreadyandabletomoveoffthelandinpursuitofjobsandtomoveagainwheneverne__ssary.Thustheextendedfamily__3__sheditsex__ssweightandtheso-callednuclearfamilyemerged---astripped-downportablefamilyunit__4__onlyofparentsanda__allsetofchildren.Thisnewstylefamilyfarmore__5__thanthetraditionalextendedfamilybecamethestandardmodelinalltheindustrialcounties.Super-industriali__howeverthenextstageofeco-technologicaldevelopment__6__evenhighermobility.Thuswe__yexpect__nyamongthepeopleofthefuturetocarrythestreamlinlingpro__ssastePfurtherbyre__iningchildrencuttingthefamilydowntoitsmore__7__componentsa__nandawo__n.Twopeopleperhapswith__tchedcareerswillprovemoreefficientatn__igatingthrougheducationandsocialstatusthroughjobchangesandgeographicrelocationsthantehordinarilychild-clutteredfamily.A__8____ybethepostponementofchildrenratherthanchildlessness.Menandwomentodayareoftentornin__9__betweenacommitmenttocareerandacommitmenttochildren.Inthefuture__ny__10__willsidestePthisproblembydeferringtheentiretaskofraisingchildrenuntilafterretirement.AtransplantBsolutionCgaduallyDtransportEelementalFconflictGcontinuallyHmobileIcouplesJagriculturalincludingLcompromiseMrequiresNpri__ryOconsistingLesson14VideoconferencingisnothingmorethanatelevisionsetorPCmonitorwithacameraThroughthevideo__nferencingnotonlyyourvoi__butalsoyourfa__thesurroundingsandanyothergraphicandphisical__1__canbecapturedandtran__ittedthroughthecommunicationsystemwithorwithoutwires.Ofcoursewhenyougointothedetailsthetechnologyinvolvedisvery__2__andthesu__ect__tterlitteredwithjargon.SuchasISDNIntegratedServi__sDigitalNetworkPOTSPlainOldTelephoneServi__orthe__3__behindbandwidthlatencyandisochronywhichareusedtoexplainhowvideoconferencingworks.Goodpeoplecommunicationis__4__inanybusinessandthemoreinteractionyoucanachievethemorelikelyitisthatyour__5__willbetherightones.Videoconferencingnotonlyallowsyoutospeaktopeopleindifferentlocationsbutalsonote__6__expressionsandgesturesthatletyouknowwhattheotherpersonisreallythinking.Meetingsare__demore__7__bysharingdocumentsandcomputerapplicationsthata______telephonecannot__8__.__9__organizationsarediscoveringthecompetitiveadvantagesandthepowerofvideoconferencing.Withadvan__sinperfor__n__economicalpricingtheabilityto__10__essentialmeetingtoolsandconnectivitytoglobaltelephonenetworksandstandardizedvideoconferencingprotocolsvideoconferencingisnowapracticalrealityforanyorganization.AfortunatelyBeffectiveCi__gesDarticulateEfacialF__nageGdecisionsHconnectIadvan__dJintegrateKprogressiveLcon__pt__)picturesNincreasinglyOimportantLesson15Nowadaysisitpossibleto____aperson’sclassjustbylookingathimPhysicaldetails__1______usabouthealth___tandtypeofworkdone.Ahundredyearsagotheworkingclassveryoftenlookdunhealthy__allandwereeithertoothinortoofat.Theupperclasseswereoften__2__sportingtypeswhowereusedtoagood___tandlookedhealthy.Todaylivingandworkingconditionsh__eimprovedandsuch__3__wouldnolongerbesotrue.Theclothespeoplechoosetowearhoweverdoprovideinfor__tionabouttheir__4__.Themostobviouswayinwhichisfortheamountofmoneyspentonthem.Expensiveclotheslookexpensiveandshowtheirwearerhadmoney.Clothescanprovideother__5__aswell.Theupperclasses__6__tobelessinterestedinfashionandweargoodqualityclothesinnon-brightcolours__deofnatural__teriallikewoolleatherorcotton.Lowerworkingclasspeopleoftenchooseclothesinbrightcolours__deof__n-__de__terial.Asociologicalexplanationforthiswouldbethatcolorandinterestaremssingfromtheirlivesandthereforeanyopportunitytointrodu__thisis__7__.Clothesare__8__atapri__withinmostpeople’sreach.Newclothes__kethewearerfeelgoodandshowsome__9__ofwealthtotheoutsideworld.Todaysomenewfashionsarestartedbythelowerworkingclasspeoplewhowanttolook__10__andfeelimportant.Theywantpeopletolookatthem.A__ailableBbackgroundCdifferentDtallEtotallyFtakenGdescriptionsHdegreeIcluesJaloneKappearLconsiderMfullNhobbyOfetchedLesson16It’snevereasytoadmityouareinthewrong.Beinghu__nweallneedtoknowtheartofapologizing.Lookbackwithhonestyandthinkhowoftenyou’vejudgedroughlysaid__1__thingspushedyourselfaheadattheexpenseofafriend.Thencounttheoccasionswhenyouindicatedclearlyand__2__thatyouweresorry.Abitfrighteningisn’titFrighteningbecausesomedeePwisdominusknowsthatwhenevena__allwronghasbeencommittedsomemysteriousmoralfeelingis__3__anditstaysoutofbalan__untilfaultisacknowledgedand__4__isexpressed.Irememberadoctorfriend____ingmeabouta__nwhocametohimwithavarietyofsigns:headachesinsomniaandsto__chtrouble.No__5__causecouldbefound.Finallymyfriendsaidtothe__nUnlessyou____mewhat’sworryingyouIcan’thelPyou.Aftersomehesitationthe__n__6__thatasexecutorofhisfaher’swillhehadbeencheatinghisbrotherwholivedabroadofhis__7__.Thenandtherethewiseolddoctor__dethe__nwritetohisbrotherasking__8__andenclosingachequeasthefirststePinrestoringtheirgoodrelation.Hethenwentwithhimto__ilboxinthecorridor.Astheletterdisappearedthe__nburstintotears.ThankyouHesaidIthinkI’m__9__.Andhewas.Aheartfeltapologycannotonly__10__ada__gedrelationshiPbutalso__keitstronger.Ifyoucanthinkofsomeonewhodeservesanapologyfromyousomeoneyouh__ewrongedorjustneglecteddosomethingaboutitrightnow.AhealBmentalCunkindDregretEaccuratelyFconfessedGinheritan__HphysicalIcuredJtreatKtrulyLunfaithfulMforgivenessNdisturbedOexcuseLesson17__nyayoungperson____smehewantstobeawriter.Ialways__1__suchpeoplebutIalsoexplainthatthere’sabigdifferen__betweenbeingawriterandwriting.Inmostcasestheseindividualsaredreamingof__2__andfamenotthelonghoursaloneatatypewriter.You’vegottowanttowriteIsaytothemnotwanttobeawriter.Therealityisthatwritingisa__3__privateandpoor-payingaffair.Foreverywriterkissedbyfortunetherearethousandsmorewhoselongingisnever__4__.WhenIlefta20-yearcareerintheUS.CoastGuardtobecomeafreelan__writer自由撰稿人Ihadno__5__atall.WhatIdidh__ewasafriendwhofoundmemyroominaNewYorkapartmentbuilding.Itdidn’teven__tterthatitwas__6__andhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelyboughtaused__nualtypewriterandfeltlikea__7__writer.AfterayearorsohoweverIstillhadn’tgottenabreakandbeganto__8__myself.Itwassohardtosellastorythat__9____deenoughtoeat.ButIknewIwantedtowrite.Ihaddreamedaboutitforyears.Iwasn’tgoingtobeoneofthosepeoplewho___wonderingwhatifIwouldkeeoputtingmydreamtothetest----eventhoughitmeantlivingwith__10__andfearoffailure.ThisistheShadowlandofhopeandanyonewithadreamlearntolivethere.AbarelyBgenuineCrewardedDdoubtElonelyFpovertyGpersuadeHprospectsIun__rtaintyJimpossiblyKencourageLawardedMaloneNwealthOcoldLesson18WhatisitaboutAmericansandfoodWelovetoeatbutwefeel1aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebestbutwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re2withhealthandweightlossbutfa__anunpre__dentedepidemicofobesity肥胖.Perhapsthe3tothisambivalen__矛盾情结liesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspi__sbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcrop经济作物wasn’teatenbut__oked.ThentherewasProhibitionintendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore4waysofdoingit. Theimmigrantexperien__toohasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRo__nsdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eatbutournation’sfoodhascometobe5byimports—pizzasayorhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles. Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggleswhetherattheBostonTea_____orthesitinsatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourcon__ptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatforpolitical Butstrongopinionsh__enotbrought
7.Americansareambivalentaboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Weh__ebecome8ofourfoodsespeciallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain. The9infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’snocoinciden__thenthatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericani__ginationinsuchbondage束缚.It’swhatweeat—andhowwe10itwithfriendsfamilyandstrangers—thathelpdefineAmericaasacommunitytoday. A.answerI.creative B.resultJ.beliefC.shareK.suspicious D.guiltyL.__rtainty E.constantM.obsessed F.definedN.identify G.vanishO.ideals H.adaptedLesson19BaekelandandHart__nnreportthatthe“shortsleepers”hadbeenmoreorless__erageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orsothemenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschoolworkandotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines. Ingeneralthese“shortsleeps”appearedambitiousactiveenergeticcheerfulconformist不动摇intheiropinionsandverysureabouttheircareerchoi__s.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsaton__orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.And__nyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear“nor__l”or“ac__ptable”totheirfriendsandassociates. Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreamsthe“shortsleepers”didpoorly.Morethanthistheyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashiontheirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexistedandthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway. Thesleeppatternsofthe“shortsleepers”weresimilartobutlessextremethansleeppatternsshownby__nymentalpatientscategorizedas__nic疯人. The“longsleepers”werequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHart__nnreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssin__childhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleepprotecteditandwerequitecon__rnedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe“shortsleepers.” __nyofthe“longsleepers”wereshyanxiousintroverted内向inhibited压抑passivemildlydepressedandunsureofthemselvesparticularlyinsocialsituations.Severalopenlystatesthatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.
1.Accordingtothereport______. A__nyshortsleepersneedlesssleepbynature B__nyshortsleepersareobligedtoredu__theirnightlysleeptimebecausetheyarebusywiththeirwork Clongsleeperssleepalongerperiodoftimeduringtheday D__nylongsleeperspreservetheirsleepinghabitformedduringtheirchildhood
2.__ny“shortsleepers”arelikelytoholdtheviewthat_____. Asleepisawithdrawalfromthereality Bsleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgement Csleepistheleastexpensiveitemontheirroutineprogram Dsleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles
3.Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers_____. Aareideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflife Boftenneglecttheconsequen__sofinadequatesleep Cdonotknowhowtorelaxproperly Daremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblems
4.Whensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleepthelongsleepersmight____. Aappeardisturbed Bbecomeenergetic Cfeeldissatisfied Dbeextremelydepressed
5.WhichofthefollowingisNotincludedinthepassage AIfonesleepsinadequatelyhisperfor__n__suffersandhismemoryisweakened BThesleeppatternsofshortsleepersareexactlythesaneasthoseshownby__nymentalpatients CLongandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleep DShortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerestLesson20Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtextoureyesmoveacrossapageinshortjerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixateweseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeofrwhichtheeyesstop---thedurationofthefixation----variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovaieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermoreitcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness. Unfortunatelyinthepast__nyreadingimprovementcoursesh__econ__ntratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreadingnumerousexercisesh__ebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstan__insomeexerciseswordsareflashedontoascreenforsayatenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsome__ntralpointtakinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuc__ssivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareverycleverbutit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequentlyforthesereasons__nyexpertsh__enowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetrainingespeciallysin__anyapproachwhich trainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext. Q:
1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsex__pt________. A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext B.one’spurposeinreading C.thelengthofagroupofwords D.lightingandtiredness
2.Theauthor__ybelievethatreading______. A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly C.de__ndsandeeply-participatingmind D.de__ndsmoremindthaneyes 3Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparapraph A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted. B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords. C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading. D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime. B.__nyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining. C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading. D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.
5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis________ Acritical Bneutral Cprssimistic DoptimisticLesson21Asisknowntoalltheorganizationand__nagementofwagesandsalariesareverycomplex.GenerallyspeakingtheAccountsDepartmentis__1__forcalculationsofpaywhilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay. Ifafirmwantsto__2__anewwageandsalarystructureitisessentialthatthefirmshoulddecideona__3__ofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperfor__n__ofitsemployees.Inordertobe__4__thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers.Injobevaluationalloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription.Eachofthsoerequirementsisgivenavalueusuallyinpointswhichare__5__togethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhigher__nagementaspecialmethodisusedtoevaluate__nagersontheirknowledgeofthejobtheirresponsibilityandtheir__6__tosolveproblems.Becauseofthedifficultyinmeasuring__nagementworkhoweverjobgradesfor__nagersareoftendecidedwithout__7__toanevaluationsystembasedonpoints. InattemptingtodesignapaysystemthePersonnelDepartmentshould__8__thevalueofeachjobwiththeseinthejob__rket.__9__paymentforajobshouldvarywithanydifferen__sinthewaythatthejobisperformed.Whereitis______tomeasuretheworkdoneasintheworksdonewithhandsmonetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosenfor__10__workerswheremeasurementisdifficultmethodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed. [A]compare[G]indirect [B]responsible [H]method [C]useful [I]suc__ssful [D]added[J]combined [E]find[K]Ne__ssarily [F]referen__[L]capacity[M]ability [N]Basically [O]adoptLesson22Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividualtyyettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform.Whyareuniformsso__1__intheUnitedStates Amongtheargumentsforuniformsoneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmore__2__thancivilian百姓的clothes.Peopleh__ebecomeconditionedto__3__superiorqualityfroma__nwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepair__nwhowearsauniformtendsto__4__moretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithinthe__5__ofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whataneasierwayisthereforanurseapoli____nabarberorawaiterto__6__professionalidentity身份thantostepoutofuniformUniformsalsoh__e__ny__7__benefits.Theys__eonotherclothes.Theys__eonlaundrybills.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes. Pri__ryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossof__8__experien__dbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughthereare__nytypesofuniformsthewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithitwithout__9__untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookaliketheytendtothinkspeakandact__10__onthejobatleast. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly [F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practical [M]recall [N]lose [O]ordinaryLesson23AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:Theda__geanddeathtoll____couldh__ebeenmuchworse.Morethan60people___dinthisearthquake.Bycomparisonandearthquakeofsimilar__1__thatshookAmericain1998claimed25000victims. Injuriesanddeathswere__2__lessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.Onaholidaywhentrafficwaslightonthecity’shighway.Inaddition__3____detotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearsh__estrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways__kingthemmore__4__toquakes. Inthepast__kingstructuresquake-resist-antmeantfirmyet__5____terialssuchassteelandwoodthatbendwithoutbreaking.Laterpeopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundationandinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationto__6__theimpactofgroundvibrations.Themost__7__designsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupportscalled__artbuildingsthestructuresrespondlikelivingorgani__stoanearthquake’svibrations.Whengroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforwardthecomputerwould__8__thebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreater__9__tocitieswhereearthquakesofentakepla__. Thenew__artstructurescouldbevery__10__tobuild.Howevertheywoulds__e__nylivesandwouldbelesslikelytobeda__gedduringearthquakes. [A]changes[B]flexible [C]decrease [D]re__nt [E]push [F]redu__ [G]relatively [H]safety [I]resistant [J]expensive [K]for__ [L]accordingly [M]intensity [N]security [O]opposedLesson24Untilthe1980stheAmericanhomelesspopulationcomprised__inlyolder__les.Todayhomelessnessstrikesmuchyoungerpartofsociety.Infacta25-citysurveybytheU.S.Conferen__of__yorsin1987foundthatfamilieswithchildren__keupthefastestgrowingpartofthehomelesspopulation.__nyhomelesschildrengatherininnercities;thistransient变化无常的andfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems—bothlegalandeducational—foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers. Esti__tesofthenumberofhomelessAmericansrangefrom350000tothreemillion.Likewiseesti__tesofthenumberofhomelessschoolchildrenvaryradically.AU.S.DepartmentofEducationreportbasedonstateesti__tesstatesthatthereare220000homelessschool-agechildrenaboutathirdofwhomdonotattendschoolonaregularbasisButtheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessesti__testhatthereareatleasttwotimesas__nyhomelesschildrenandthatlessthanhalfofthemattendschoolregularly. Onepartofthehomelesspopulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe“throwaway”youthswhoh__ebeencastoftheirhomes.TheElementarySchool__nterinNewYorkCityesti__testhatthereare
1.5millionofthem__nyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstayinfamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets. FederallawtheStewartB.McKinneyHomelessAssistan__Actof1987includesasectionthataddressestheeducationalneedsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthebeliefthatallhomelesschildrenh__etherighttoafreeappropriateeducation.
1.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat____. Athewriterhimselfishomelesseveninhiseighties B__nyolderhomelessresidentsaregoingonstrikein25cities Cthereisaseriousshortageofacademicfacilities Dhomelesschildrenaredeniedtheopportunityofre__ivingfreeeducation
2.TheNationalCoalitionforthehomelessbelievesthatthenumberofhomelesschildrenis_____. A350000 B1500000 C440000 D110000
3.Onepartofthehomelesspopulationisdifficulttoesti__te.Thereasonmightwellbe____. Athehomelesschildrenaretooyoungtobecountedaschildren Bthehomelesspopulationisgrowingrapidly Cthehomelesschildrenusuallystayoutsideschool Dsomehomelesschildrenaredesertedbytheirfamilies
4.TheMcKinneyActismentionedinthispassageinordertoshowthat___. Atheeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildrenarebeingrecognized Btheesti__tesonhomelesschildrenarehardtodetermine Ctheaddressofgrade-schoolchildrenshouldbelocated Dallhomelesspeopleareentitledtofreeeducation
5.Thepassage__inlydealswith____. Athelegalproblemsofthehomelesschildren Btheeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildren Cthesocialstatusofolder__les Desti__tesonthehomelesspopulationLesson25Can__risfearedbyeveryone.Andthisfearisreachingepidemic流行性proportions.Notthediseaseitself—thereisnosuchthingasacan__repidemic.Ex__ptforlungcan__rmostlycausedbycigarette__okingtheinciden__ratesarelevelingoffandinthecaseofsomekindsofcan__raredecreasing.Butthefearofcan__riscatchingandthecountrystandsatriskofananxietyTheearthitselfiscomingtoseemlikeahugecarcinogen致癌物.Theordinarymoreorlessscientificstatementthatsomethingbetween80and90per__ntofallcan__rsareduntothingsintheenviro__entistakentomeanthatnoneofuswillbesafeuntilthewholeenviro__entis“cleanedup.”Thisisnotatallthemeaning. The80-per__ntcalculationisbasedontheunthinkabledifferen__sintheinciden__ofcan__rinvarioussocietiesaroundtheworld—forexamplethehighproportionoflivercan__rinAfricaandtheFarEaststo__chcan__rinJapanbreastcan__rinWesternEuropeandNorthAmericaandtherelativelylowfiguresforbreastcan__rinJapanandpartsofAfricaandforlivercan__rinAmerica.Thesedataindicatethere__ybespecialandspecificenviro__entalinfluen__slargelybasedonpersonallife-stylethatdeterminetheinciden__ofvariousformsofcan__rindifferentcommunities—butthatisallthedatasuggest.Theoverallinciden__ofcan__rcountingupallthecasesisprobableroughlythesameeverywhere.
1.Whichofthefollowingisclosesttomeaningtothephrase“levelingoff” ABecameverypopular BReacheditslowestlevelinpopularity CStoppedbeingpopular DStoppedincreasingitspopularity
2.Accordingtothepassagetheinciden__ofcan__risgenerallybelieved_____. Atobebasedoninactivelifestyle Btobeduetoanxiety Ctoresultfromenviro__entalinfluen__s Dtobecausedbyhe__y__oking
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthewriter’sopinionabouttherelationshipbetweencan__randenviro__entis_____. Apositive Bnegative Cneutral Dapproving
4.Accordingtothepassagethewriterseemstofeelthat_____. Acan__rriskisontherise Bthewholeearthresemblesahugecarcinogen Ctheriskofcatchingcan__risnotsogreatasmostpeoplecon__ive Dcan__rcanbecuredsoonerorlater
5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestTITLEforthepassage ACan__randEnviro__ent BTheFearCausedbyCan__rs CDataonCan__rInciden__ DCan__randitsInvestigation Lesson26AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:Theda__geanddeathtoll____couldh__ebeenmuchworse.Morethan60people___dinthisearthquake.Bycomparisonandearthquakeofsimilar__1__thatshookAmericain1998claimed25000victims.来源___.examda.com Injuriesanddeathswere__2__lessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.Onaholidaywhentrafficwaslightonthecity’shighway.Inaddition__3____detotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearsh__estrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways__kingthemmore__4__toquakes. Inthepast__kingstructuresquake-resist-antmeantfirmyet__5____terialssuchassteelandwoodthatbendwithoutbreaking.Laterpeopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundationandinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationto__6__theimpactofgroundvibrations.Themost__7__designsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupportscalled__artbuildingsthestructuresrespondlikelivingorgani__stoanearthquake’svibrations.Whengroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforwardthecomputerwould__8__thebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreater__9__tocitieswhereearthquakesofentakepla__. Thenew__artstructurescouldbevery__10__tobuild.Howevertheywoulds__e__nylivesandwouldbelesslikelytobeda__gedduringearthquakes. [A]changes [B]flexible [C]decrease [D]re__nt [E]push [F]redu__ [G]relatively [H]safety [I]resistant [J]expensive [K]for__ [L]accordingly [M]intensity [N]security [O]opposedLesson27Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividualtyyettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform.Whyareuniformsso__1__intheUnitedStates Amongtheargumentsforuniformsoneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmore__2__thancivilian百姓的clothes.Peopleh__ebecomeconditionedto__3__superiorqualityfroma__nwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepair__nwhowearsauniformtendsto__4__moretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithinthe__5__ofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whataneasierwayisthereforanurseapoli____nabarberorawaiterto__6__professionalidentity身份thantostepoutofuniformUniformsalsoh__e__ny__7__benefits.Theys__eonotherclothes.Theys__eonlaundrybills.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes. Pri__ryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossof__8__experien__dbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughthereare__nytypesofuniformsthewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithitwithout__9__untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookaliketheytendtothinkspeakandact__10__onthejobatleast. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly [F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practical [M]recall [N]lose [O]ordinaryLesson28Asisknowntoalltheorganizationand__nagementofwagesandsalariesareverycomplex.GenerallyspeakingtheAccountsDepartmentis__1__forcalculationsofpaywhilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay. Ifafirmwantsto__2__anewwageandsalarystructureitisessentialthatthefirmshoulddecideona__3__ofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperfor__n__ofitsemployees.Inordertobe__4__thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers.Injobevaluationalloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription.Eachofthsoerequirementsisgivenavalueusuallyinpointswhichare__5__togethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhigher__nagementaspecialmethodisusedtoevaluate__nagersontheirknowledgeofthejobtheirresponsibilityandtheir__6__tosolveproblems.Becauseofthedifficultyinmeasuring__nagementworkhoweverjobgradesfor__nagersareoftendecidedwithout__7__toanevaluationsystembasedonpoints. InattemptingtodesignapaysystemthePersonnelDepartmentshould__8__thevalueofeachjobwiththeseinthejob__rket.__9__paymentforajobshouldvarywithanydifferen__sinthewaythatthejobisperformed.Whereitis______tomeasuretheworkdoneasintheworksdonewithhandsmonetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosenfor__10__workerswheremeasurementisdifficultmethodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed. [A]compare [B]responsible [C]useful [D]added [E]find [F]referen__ [G]indirect [H]method [I]suc__ssful [J]combined [K]Ne__ssarily [L]capacity [M]ability [N]Basically [O]adoptLesson29Asthepa__oflifecontinuestoincreasewearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Butrelaxationis__1__forahealthymindandbody. Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowayto__2__it.Infactitisnotthebadthingasitisoftensupposedtobe.A__rtainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutof__3__thatitcanleadtopoorperfor__n__andillhealth. Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplwarenotafraidofstressandsuch__4__areobviouslyprime__terialfor__nagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsightof__5__difficulties.Whenexposedtostressinwhateverformwereactbothphysicallyand__6__.Infactwe__kechoi__betweenflightorfightandinmore__7__daysthechoi__s__dethedifferen__betweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextremebuthoweverlittlethestressitinvolvesthesame__8__.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslongthroughcontinued__9__tostressthathealthbecomesendangered.Sin__wecannot__10__stressfromourlivesitwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecouldweneedtofindwaystodealwithit. AexposureBcharactersCanswerDchemically E__oidFpsychologicallyGprimitiveHtransfer IunusualJcontrolKremoveLescape MresponseNbackwardOessentialLesson30Thetypicalpre-industrialfamilynotonlyhadagood__nychildrenbutnumerousotherdependentsaswell---grandparentsunclesauntsandcousions.Suchextendedfamiliesweresuitedforsurvivalinslowpa__d__1__societies.Butsuchfamiliesarehardto__2__.Theyareimmobile.Industriali__de__nded__ssesofworkersreadyandabletomoveoffthelandinpursuitofjobsandtomoveagainwheneverne__ssary.Thustheextendedfamily__3__sheditsex__ssweightandtheso-callednuclearfamilyemerged---astripped-downportablefamilyunit__4__onlyofparentsanda__allsetofchildren.Thisnewstylefamilyfarmore__5__thanthetraditionalextendedfamilybecamethestandardmodelinalltheindustrialcounties.Super-industriali__howeverthenextstageofeco-technologicaldevelopment__6__evenhighermobility.Thuswe__yexpect__nyamongthepeopleofthefuturetocarrythestreamlinlingpro__ssastePfurtherbyre__iningchildrencuttingthefamilydowntoitsmore__7__componentsa__nandawo__n.Twopeopleperhapswith__tchedcareerswillprovemoreefficientatn__igatingthrougheducationandsocialstatusthroughjobchangesandgeographicrelocationsthantehordinarilychild-clutteredfamily.A__8____ybethepostponementofchildrenratherthanchildlessness.Menandwomentodayareoftentornin__9__betweenacommitmenttocareerandacommitmenttochildren.Inthefuture__ny__10__willsidestePthisproblembydeferringtheentiretaskofraisingchildrenuntilafterretirement.AtransplantBsolutionCgaduallyDtransportEelementalFconflictGcontinuallyHmobileIcouplesJagriculturalincludingLcompromiseMrequiresNpri__ryOconsistingLesson31VideoconferencingisnothingmorethanatelevisionsetorPCmonitorwithacameraThroughthevideo__nferencingnotonlyyourvoi__butalsoyourfa__thesurroundingsandanyothergraphicandphisical__1__canbecapturedandtran__ittedthroughthecommunicationsystemwithorwithoutwires.Ofcoursewhenyougointothedetailsthetechnologyinvolvedisvery__2__andthesu__ect__tterlitteredwithjargon.SuchasISDNIntegratedServi__sDigitalNetworkPOTSPlainOldTelephoneServi__orthe__3__behindbandwidthlatencyandisochronywhichareusedtoexplainhowvideoconferencingworks.Goodpeoplecommunicationis__4__inanybusinessandthemoreinteractionyoucanachievethemorelikelyitisthatyour__5__willbetherightones.Videoconferencingnotonlyallowsyoutospeaktopeopleindifferentlocationsbutalsonote__6__expressionsandgesturesthatletyouknowwhattheotherpersonisreallythinking.Meetingsare__demore__7__bysharingdocumentsandcomputerapplicationsthata______telephonecannot__8__.__9__organizationsarediscoveringthecompetitiveadvantagesandthepowerofvideoconferencing.Withadvan__sinperfor__n__economicalpricingtheabilityto__10__essentialmeetingtoolsandconnectivitytoglobaltelephonenetworksandstandardizedvideoconferencingprotocolsvideoconferencingisnowapracticalrealityforanyorganization. Afortunately BeffectiveCi__ges Darticulate EfacialF__nage Gdecisions Hconnect Iadvan__d Jintegrate Kprogressive Lcon__ptsMpictures Nincreasingly OimportantLesson32Nowadaysisitpossibleto____aperson’sclassjustbylookingathimPhysicaldetails__1______usabouthealth___tandtypeofworkdone.Ahundredyearsagotheworkingclassveryoftenlookdunhealthy__allandwereeithertoothinortoofat.Theupperclasseswereoften__2__sportingtypeswhowereusedtoagood___tandlookedhealthy.Todaylivingandworkingconditionsh__eimprovedandsuch__3__wouldnolongerbesotrue.Theclothespeoplechoosetowearhoweverdoprovideinfor__tionabouttheir__4__.Themostobviouswayinwhichisfortheamountofmoneyspentonthem.Expensiveclotheslookexpensiveandshowtheirwearerhadmoney.Clothescanprovideother__5__aswell.Theupperclasses__6__tobelessinterestedinfashionandweargoodqualityclothesinnon-brightcolours__deofnatural__teriallikewoolleatherorcotton.Lowerworkingclasspeopleoftenchooseclothesinbrightcolours__deof__n-__de__terial.Asociologicalexplanationforthiswouldbethatcolorandinterestaremssingfromtheirlivesandthereforeanyopportunitytointrodu__thisis__7__.Clothesare__8__atapri__withinmostpeople’sreach.Newclothes__kethewearerfeelgoodandshowsome__9__ofwealthtotheoutsideworld.Todaysomenewfashionsarestartedbythelowerworkingclasspeoplewhowanttolook__10__andfeelimportant.Theywantpeopletolookatthem. A__ailable Bbackground Cdifferent Dtall Etotally Ftaken Gdescriptions Hdegree Iclues Jalone Kappear Lconsider Mfull Nhobby OfetchedLesson33It’snevereasytoadmityouareinthewrong.Beinghu__nweallneedtoknowtheartofapologizing.Lookbackwithhonestyandthinkhowoftenyou’vejudgedroughlysaid__1__thingspushedyourselfaheadattheexpenseofafriend.Thencounttheoccasionswhenyouindicatedclearlyand__2__thatyouweresorry.Abitfrighteningisn’titFrighteningbecausesomedeePwisdominusknowsthatwhenevena__allwronghasbeencommittedsomemysteriousmoralfeelingis__3__anditstaysoutofbalan__untilfaultisacknowledgedand__4__isexpressed.Irememberadoctorfriend____ingmeabouta__nwhocametohimwithavarietyofsigns:headachesinsomniaandsto__chtrouble.No__5__causecouldbefound.Finallymyfriendsaidtothe__nUnlessyou____mewhat’sworryingyouIcan’thelPyou.Aftersomehesitationthe__n__6__thatasexecutorofhisfaher’swillhehadbeencheatinghisbrotherwholivedabroadofhis__7__.Thenandtherethewiseolddoctor__dethe__nwritetohisbrotherasking__8__andenclosingachequeasthefirststePinrestoringtheirgoodrelation.Hethenwentwithhimto__ilboxinthecorridor.Astheletterdisappearedthe__nburstintotears.ThankyouHesaidIthinkI’m__9__.Andhewas.Aheartfeltapologycannotonly__10__ada__gedrelationshiPbutalso__keitstronger.Ifyoucanthinkofsomeonewhodeservesanapologyfromyousomeoneyouh__ewrongedorjustneglecteddosomethingaboutitrightnow. Aheal Bmental Cunkind Dregret Eaccurately Fconfessed Ginheritan__ Hphysical Icured Jtreat Ktruly Lunfaithful Mforgiveness Ndisturbed OexcuseLesson34__nyayoungperson____smehewantstobeawriter.Ialways__1__suchpeoplebutIalsoexplainthatthere’sabigdifferen__betweenbeingawriterandwriting.Inmostcasestheseindividualsaredreamingof__2__andfamenotthelonghoursaloneatatypewriter.You’vegottowanttowriteIsaytothemnotwanttobeawriter.Therealityisthatwritingisa__3__privateandpoor-payingaffair.Foreverywriterkissedbyfortunetherearethousandsmorewhoselongingisnever__4__.WhenIlefta20-yearcareerintheUS.CoastGuardtobecomeafreelan__writer自由撰稿人Ihadno__5__atall.WhatIdidh__ewasafriendwhofoundmemyroominaNewYorkapartmentbuilding.Itdidn’teven__tterthatitwas__6__andhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelyboughtaused__nualtypewriterandfeltlikea__7__writer.AfterayearorsohoweverIstillhadn’tgottenabreakandbeganto__8__myself.Itwassohardtosellastorythat__9____deenoughtoeat.ButIknewIwantedtowrite.Ihaddreamedaboutitforyears.Iwasn’tgoingtobeoneofthosepeoplewho___wonderingwhatifIwouldkeeoputtingmydreamtothetest----eventhoughitmeantlivingwith__10__andfearoffailure.ThisistheShadowlandofhopeandanyonewithadreamlearntolivethere. Abarely Bgenuine Crewarded Ddoubt Elonely Fpoverty Gpersuade Hprospects Iun__rtainty Jimpossibly Kencourage Lawarded Malone Nwealth OcoldLesson35WhatisitaboutAmericansandfoodWelovetoeatbutwefeel1aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebestbutwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re2withhealthandweightlossbutfa__anunpre__dentedepidemicofobesity肥胖.Perhapsthe3tothisambivalen__矛盾情结liesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspi__sbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcrop经济作物wasn’teatenbut__oked.ThentherewasProhibitionintendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore4waysofdoingit. Theimmigrantexperien__toohasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRo__nsdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eatbutournation’sfoodhascometobe5byimports—pizzasayorhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles. Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggleswhetherattheBostonTea_____orthesitinsatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourcon__ptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatforpolitical Butstrongopinionsh__enotbrought
7.Americansareambivalentaboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Weh__ebecome8ofourfoodsespeciallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain. The9infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’snocoinciden__thenthatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericani__ginationinsuchbondage束缚.It’swhatweeat—andhowwe10itwithfriendsfamilyandstrangers—thathelpdefineAmericaasacommunitytoday. A.answerI.creative B.resultJ.belief C.shareK.suspicious D.guiltyL.__rtainty E.constantM.obsessed F.definedN.identify G.vanishO.ideals H.adaptedLesson36WhatisitaboutAmericansandfoodWelovetoeatbutwefeel1aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebestbutwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re2withhealthandweightlossbutfa__anunpre__dentedepidemicofobesity肥胖.Perhapsthe3tothisambivalen__矛盾情结liesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspi__sbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcrop经济作物wasn’teatenbut__oked.ThentherewasProhibitionintendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore4waysofdoingit. Theimmigrantexperien__toohasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRo__nsdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eatbutournation’sfoodhascometobe5byimports—pizzasayorhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles. Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggleswhetherattheBostonTea_____orthesitinsatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourcon__ptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatforpolitical Butstrongopinionsh__enotbrought
7.Americansareambivalentaboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Weh__ebecome8ofourfoodsespeciallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain. The9infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’snocoinciden__thenthatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericani__ginationinsuchbondage束缚.It’swhatweeat—andhowwe10itwithfriendsfamilyandstrangers—thathelpdefineAmericaasacommunitytoday. A.answerI.creative B.resultJ.belief C.shareK.suspicious D.guiltyL.__rtainty E.constantM.obsessed F.definedN.identify G.vanishO.ideals H.adaptedLesson37Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividualtyyettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform.Whyareuniformsso__1__intheUnitedStates Amongtheargumentsforuniformsoneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmore__2__thancivilian百姓的clothes.Peopleh__ebecomeconditionedto__3__superiorqualityfroma__nwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepair__nwhowearsauniformtendsto__4__moretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithinthe__5__ofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whataneasierwayisthereforanurseapoli____nabarberorawaiterto__6__professionalidentity身份thantostepoutofuniformUniformsalsoh__e__ny__7__benefits.Theys__eonotherclothes.Theys__eonlaundrybills.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes. Pri__ryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossof__8__experien__dbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughthereare__nytypesofuniformsthewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithitwithout__9__untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookaliketheytendtothinkspeakandact__10__onthejobatleast. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly [F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practical [M]recall [N]lose [O]ordinaryLesson38WhatisitaboutAmericansandfoodWelovetoeatbutwefeel1aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebestbutwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re2withhealthandweightlossbutfa__anunpre__dentedepidemicofobesity肥胖.Perhapsthe3tothisambivalen__矛盾情结liesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspi__sbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcrop经济作物wasn’teatenbut__oked.ThentherewasProhibitionintendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore4waysofdoingit. Theimmigrantexperien__toohasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRo__nsdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eatbutournation’sfoodhascometobe5byimports—pizzasayorhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles. Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggleswhetherattheBostonTea_____orthesitinsatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourcon__ptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeat6forpolitical. Butstrongopinionsh__enotbrought
7.Americansareambivalentaboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Weh__ebecome8ofourfoodsespeciallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain. The9infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’snocoinciden__thenthatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericani__ginationinsuchbondage束缚.It’swhatweeat—andhowwe10itwithfriendsfamilyandstrangers—thathelpdefineAmericaasacommunitytoday. A.answerI.creative B.resultJ.belief C.shareK.suspicious D.guiltyL.__rtainty E.constantM.obsessed F.definedN.identify G.vanishO.ideals H.adaptedLesson39BaekelandandHart__nnreportthatthe“shortsleepers”hadbeenmoreorless__erageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orsothemenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschoolworkandotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines. Ingeneralthese“shortsleeps”appearedambitiousactiveenergeticcheerfulconformist不动摇intheiropinionsandverysureabouttheircareerchoi__s.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsaton__orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.And__nyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear“nor__l”or“ac__ptable”totheirfriendsandassociates. Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreamsthe“shortsleepers”didpoorly.Morethanthistheyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashiontheirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexistedandthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway. Thesleeppatternsofthe“shortsleepers”weresimilartobutlessextremethansleeppatternsshownby__nymentalpatientscategorizedas__nic疯人. The“longsleepers”werequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHart__nnreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssin__childhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleepprotecteditandwerequitecon__rnedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe“shortsleepers.” __nyofthe“longsleepers”wereshyanxiousintroverted内向inhibited压抑passivemildlydepressedandunsureofthemselvesparticularlyinsocialsituations.Severalopenlystatesthatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.
1.Accordingtothereport______. A__nyshortsleepersneedlesssleepbynature B__nyshortsleepersareobligedtoredu__theirnightlysleeptimebecausetheyarebusywiththeirwork Clongsleeperssleepalongerperiodoftimeduringtheday D__nylongsleeperspreservetheirsleepinghabitformedduringtheirchildhood
2.__ny“shortsleepers”arelikelytoholdtheviewthat_____. Asleepisawithdrawalfromthereality Bsleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgement Csleepistheleastexpensiveitemontheirroutineprogram Dsleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles
3.Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers_____. Aareideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflife Boftenneglecttheconsequen__sofinadequatesleep Cdonotknowhowtorelaxproperly Daremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblems
4.Whensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleepthelongsleepersmight____. Aappeardisturbed Bbecomeenergetic Cfeeldissatisfied Dbeextremelydepressed
5.WhichofthefollowingisNotincludedinthepassage AIfonesleepsinadequatelyhisperfor__n__suffersandhismemoryisweakened BThesleeppatternsofshortsleepersareexactlythesaneasthoseshownby__nymentalpatients CLongandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleep DShortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerestLesson40Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtextoureyesmoveacrossapageinshortjerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixateweseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeofrwhichtheeyesstop---thedurationofthefixation----variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovaieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermoreitcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.Unfortunatelyinthepast__nyreadingimprovementcoursesh__econ__ntratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreadingnumerousexercisesh__ebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstan__insomeexerciseswordsareflashedontoascreenforsayatenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsome__ntralpointtakinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuc__ssivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareverycleverbutit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequentlyforthesereasons__nyexpertsh__enowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetrainingespeciallysin__anyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext. Q:
1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsex__pt________. A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext B.one’spurposeinreading C.thelengthofagroupofwords D.lightingandtiredness
2.Theauthor__ybelievethatreading______. A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly C.de__ndsandeeply-participatingmind D.de__ndsmoremindthaneyes 3Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparapraph A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted. B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords. C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading. D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime. B.__nyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining. C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading. D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.
5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis________ Acritical Bneutral Cprssimistic DoptimisticLesson41VideoconferencingisnothingmorethanatelevisionsetorPCmonitorwithacameraThroughthevideo__nferencingnotonlyyourvoi__butalsoyourfa__thesurroundingsandanyothergraphicandphisical__1__canbecapturedandtran__ittedthroughthecommunicationsystemwithorwithoutwires.Ofcoursewhenyougointothedetailsthetechnologyinvolvedisvery__2__andthesu__ect__tterlitteredwithjargon.SuchasISDNIntegratedServi__sDigitalNetworkPOTSPlainOldTelephoneServi__orthe__3__behindbandwidthlatencyandisochronywhichareusedtoexplainhowvideoconferencingworks.Goodpeoplecommunicationis__4__inanybusinessandthemoreinteractionyoucanachievethemorelikelyitisthatyour__5__willbetherightones.Videoconferencingnotonlyallowsyoutospeaktopeopleindifferentlocationsbutalsonote__6__expressionsandgesturesthatletyouknowwhattheotherpersonisreallythinking.Meetingsare__demore__7__bysharingdocumentsandcomputerapplicationsthata______telephonecannot__8__.__9__organizationsarediscoveringthecompetitiveadvantagesandthepowerofvideoconferencing.Withadvan__sinperfor__n__economicalpricingtheabilityto__10__essentialmeetingtoolsandconnectivitytoglobaltelephonenetworksandstandardizedvideoconferencingprotocolsvideoconferencingisnowapracticalrealityforanyorganization. Afortunately Beffective Ci__ges Darticulate Efacial F__nage Gdecisions Hconnect Iadvan__d Jintegrate Kprogressive Lcon__pts Mpictures Nincreasingly OimportantLesson42__nyayoungperson____smehewantstobeawriter.Ialways__1__suchpeoplebutIalsoexplainthatthere’sabigdifferen__betweenbeingawriterandwriting.Inmostcasestheseindividualsaredreamingof__2__andfamenotthelonghoursaloneatatypewriter.You’vegottowanttowriteIsaytothemnotwanttobeawriter.Therealityisthatwritingisa__3__privateandpoor-payingaffair.Foreverywriterkissedbyfortunetherearethousandsmorewhoselongingisnever__4__.WhenIlefta20-yearcareerintheUS.CoastGuardtobecomeafreelan__writer自由撰稿人Ihadno__5__atall.WhatIdidh__ewasafriendwhofoundmemyroominaNewYorkapartmentbuilding.Itdidn’teven__tterthatitwas__6__andhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelyboughtaused__nualtypewriterandfeltlikea__7__writer.AfterayearorsohoweverIstillhadn’tgottenabreakandbeganto__8__myself.Itwassohardtosellastorythat__9____deenoughtoeat.ButIknewIwantedtowrite.Ihaddreamedaboutitforyears.Iwasn’tgoingtobeoneofthosepeoplewho___wonderingwhatifIwouldkeeoputtingmydreamtothetest----eventhoughitmeantlivingwith__10__andfearoffailure.ThisistheShadowlandofhopeandanyonewithadreamlearntolivethere. Abarely Bgenuine Crewarded Ddoubt Elonely Fpoverty Gpersuade Hprospects Iun__rtainty Jimpossibly Kencourage Lawarded Malone Nwealth OcoldLesson43。