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英文经典名篇名段背诵格式1.简短的导读语宋体小五2.英文短文Arial五号3.短文出处4.生词的音标、英文意思、中文意思小五5.__英文简介(100字左右)、中文简介(50字左右)、__照片斜体6.短文译文五号7.译者目录Essays散文小品文随笔评论Youth(SamuelUll__n)青春/2LifeisaChess-boardTho__sHenryHuxley人生是一盘棋/6Ih__easmuchsoulasyou(CharlotteBronte)我的心灵一样丰富/8EqualityandGreatnessGeorgeBernardShaw平等与伟大Bestoftimes(Charles____ens)最好的时代GreatExpectations(Charles____ens)远大前程OfStu___sFrancisBacon论读书ThreePassionsBertrandRussell三种__FranknessRobertE.Lee诚实ThreePeriodsofMyYouthJohnWool__n年轻时代的三个阶段LoveYourLifeHenryD__idThoreau热爱生活ThreeDaystoSeeHelenKeller给我三天光明TheStudyofWordsWilfredFunkandNor__nLewis学习词汇的重要性…..Speeches演讲TheGetty__urgAddressAbrahamLincoln哥德斯堡演说InaugurationAddressJohnF.KennedyJ.肯尼迪就职演说AsYouLikeItWilliamShakespeareAddressatGettysburgAbrahamLincolnTheTributeEarlSpen__rASpeechattheWelcome__remonyinXi’anBillClintonSpeechtotheNationonSpa__ShuttleColumbiaTragedyGeorgeW.BushPoems诗歌ARedRedRoseRobertBurns一朵红红的玫瑰OCaptain!MyCaptainWalterWhit__n哦,船长!我的船长!HopeIstheThingwithFeathersEmily____insonSonnet18WilliamShakespeareStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningRobertFrostMoviesMis__llaneous电影脚本及其他ASelectionfromMr.Holland’sOpusASelectionfromS__ntofaWo__nTheScriptofTeachersArePeopleEssays散文小品文随笔评论Youth(SamuelUll__n)青春许多世界名人将这篇短文随身携带,以至于皱折不堪___?因为它教我们如何美好的生活20世纪初___·厄尔曼写的这篇不足500字的短文《青春》一直为世人倾倒,过了这么多年它的魅力依旧Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnota__tterofrosycheeksredlipsandsuppleknees;itisa__tterofthewillaqualityofthei__ginationavigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominan__ofcourageovertimidityoftheappetiteforadventureovertheloveofease.Thisoftenexistsina__nofsixtymorethanaboyoftwenty.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.Years__ywrinkletheskinbuttogiveupenthusia__wrinklesthesoul.Worryfearself-distrustbows the heart and turns the spiritbacktodust.Whethersixtyorsixteenthereisineverybeing’sheartthelureofwondertheunfailingchild-likeappetiteofwhatsnextandthejoyofthegameofliving.Inthe__nterofyourheartandmyheartthereisawirelessstation;solongasitre__ivesmessagesofbeautyhopecheercourageandpowerfrommenandfromtheinfinitesolongareyouyoung.Whentheaerialsaredownandyourspiritiscoveredwithsnowsofcynici__andthei__ofpessimi__thenyouaregrownoldevenattwentybutaslongasyouraerialsareuptocatchthew__esofoptimi__thereishopeyou__y___youngateighty.Ex__ptedfromYouthBySamuelUll__nrosycheeks:玫瑰红的脸颊supple[]:readilybent柔软的vigor:Physicalormentalstrengthenergyorfor__精力活力temperamental[]:Ex__ssivelysensitiveorirritable;moody心情变化快的喜怒无常的predominan__[prI`dCmInEns]:优势timidity[]:shy胆怯,害羞的appetite[5Apitait]:astrongwishorurge食欲胃口欲望爱好desert:放弃遗弃wrinkle[l]:起皱enthusia__[in5Wju:ziAzEm]:greatexcitementfororinterestinasu__ectorcause狂热热心积极性wireless:无线的infinite:h__ingnolimits无限的,无穷的aerials:天线cynici__:玩世不恭冷嘲热讽SamuelUll__n1840-1924Bornin1840GermanytoJewishparentsUll__nimmigratedwithhisfamilytoAmericainordertoescapethediscriminationtheymetinEurope.ThesewordswrittenbySamuelUll__nofBirminghamAlabamaattheageof70-plusarecreditedwithinspiringagenerationofJapanesecitizensbusines__enandgover__entleaderswhowerefa__dwithrebuildingtheircountryafterWorldWarII.___·厄尔曼1840生于德国,童年时移居美国他在古稀之年才开始写作,是一个了不起的人本文由于手抄流传等多种原因,存在多个版本,这里采用__原文[译文]青春不是年华,而是心境;青春不是桃面,丹唇,柔膝,而是深沉的意志,恢宏的想象,炽热的感情;青春是生命的源泉在不息的涌流青春气贯长虹,勇锐盖过怯懦,进取压倒苟安如此锐气,弱冠后生有之,耳顺之年,则亦多见,年岁有加,并非垂老;理想丢弃,方堕暮年岁月悠悠,衰微只及肌肤,热忱抛却,颓唐必至灵魂忧烦,惶恐,丧失自信,定使心灵扭曲,意气如灰无论年届古稀,抑或二八芳龄,心中皆有生命之欢乐,奇迹之诱惑,孩童般天真久盛不衰人人心中皆有一台天线,只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量,你就青春永驻,风华常存一旦追求消失,锐气如同冰雪覆盖,玩世不恭,自暴自弃油然而生,即使年方__,实已老矣然坚持追求,你就可以在耄耋之年告别尘寰时仍觉年青(参考夏海涛译文改译)LifeisaChess-boardTho__sHenryHuxley人生是一盘棋人生是一出戏也好,是一盘棋也罢,只不过是对人生的一种理解,因人而异Thechess-boardis theworld:thepie__sarethephenomenaofthe universe;therules of thegamearewhatwecallthelawsofnature.Theplayerontheothersideishiddenfromus.Weknowthathisplayisalwaysfairjustandpatient.Butalsoweknowtoourcostthatheneveroverlooksamistakeor__kesthe__allestallowan__forignoran__. ByTho__sHenryHuxleyoverlook[7EuvE5luk]: 宽恕 __ke allowan__ for: 考虑到……而原谅Tho__sHenryHuxley1825–1__5Englishbiologistandeducatorgrad.CharingCrossHospital
1845.Huxleyg__euphisownbiologicalresearchtobecomeaninfluentialscientificpublicistandwastheprincipalexponentofDarwini__inEngland.Anagnostichedoubtedallthingsnotimmediatelyopentological____ysisandscientificverification.Hehelduptruthasanidealandspokeandwrotefrequentlyonitstoolthescientificmethodanditsyieldtheevolutionarytheory.Hepla__dhu__nethicsoutsidethescopeofthe__terialisticpro__ssesofevolution;hebelievedthatcivilizationis__n’sprotestagainstnatureandthatprogressisachievedbythehu__ncontrolofevolution.Huxleyheldnumerouspublicoffi__sservingon10royalcommissions1862–
84.His__nyworksincludeEvolutionandEthics1__3CollectedEssays9vol.1__3–94ScientificMemoirs4vol.1__8–1902andanautobiography1903托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎英国著名博物学家,达尔文进化论最杰出的代表他的主要著作有《人类在自然界的位置》、《脊椎动物解剖学手册》、《无脊椎动物解剖学手册》、《进化论和伦理学》等Ih__easmuchsoulasyou(CharlotteBronte)我的心灵一样丰富这一段是绝对的经典,无需多言,不敢掠美“I____youImustgo!“Iretortedrousedtosomethinglikepassion.“DoyouthinkIcanstaytobecomenothingtoyouDoyouthinkIamanauto__ton-a__chinewithoutfeelingandcanbeartoh__emymorselofbreadsnatchedfrommylips,andmydropoflivingwaterdashedfrommycupDoyouthinkbecauseIampoorobscureplainandlittleIamsoullessandheartlessYouthinkwrong!-Ih__easmuchsoulasyou-andfullasmuchheart!AndifGodhadgiftedmewithsomebeautyandmuchwealthIshouldh__e__deitashardforyoutole__emeasitisnowformetole__eyou.Iamnottalkingtoyounowthroughthemediumofcustomconventionalities,norevenofmortalflesh:-itismyspiritthataddressesyourspirit;justasifbothhadpassedthroughthegr__eandwestoodatGodsfeetequal-asweare!”Ex__ptedfromJaneEyrebyCharlotteBronteoath[5EuW]:誓言retort[ri5tC:t]:topresentacounterargumentto.反驳反击auto__ton[C:5tCmEtEn]:机器人morsel[5mC:sEl]:a__allpie__offood食物一口少量snatch[snAtF]:攫取dash:泼溅obscure[Eb5skjuE]:ofundistinguishedorhumblestationorreputation身份卑微的conventionality[kEn7venFE5nAliti]:therulesofconventionalsocialbeh__ior惯例俗套老一套mortal[5mC:tl]:人类的gr__e:墓穴坟墓CharlotteBrontë1816-1854wasborn21April1816thirdofthesixchildrenofPatrickBrontëand__riaBranwellBrontë.The__joreventofheryounglifewasthedeathofhermotherin1821whichcreatedalotof____s.Shehadtwooldersisters__riaandElizabeth夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简爱》通过简·爱的自述,描绘的是一个出身贫苦家庭,长相平凡,无依无靠的女家庭教师的曲折遭遇简,成为纯洁、热情、坦率、爱好真理,敢于追求幸福的女性的象征,因而形象鲜明作品成功之处还在于__在对人性的描述中,我们隐约看到了自己,卑劣或美丽的人性,而觉得心有戚戚焉[译文]“我告诉你我非走不可!”我回驳着,感情很有些冲动“你难道认为,我会留下来甘愿做一个对你来说无足轻重的人?你以为我是一架机器?——一架没有感情的机器?能够容忍别人把一口面包从我嘴里抢走,把一滴生命之水从我杯子里泼掉?难道就因为我一贫如洗、默默无闻、长相平庸、个子瘦小,就没有灵魂和心肠了你不是想错了吗我的心灵跟你一样丰富,我的心胸跟你一样充实!要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和财富,我会使你难以离开我,就像现在我很难离开你一样,我不是根据习俗、常规,甚至也不是血肉之躯同你说话,而是我的灵魂同你的灵魂在对话,就仿佛我们两人穿过坟墓,站在上帝脚下,彼此平等本来就如此!”EqualityandGreatnessGeorgeBernardShaw平等与伟大Betweenpersonsofequalincomethereisnosocialdistinctionex__ptthedistinctionofmerit.Moneyisnothing:characterconductandcapacityandeverything….Therewouldbegreatpeopleandordinarypeopleandlittlepeoplebutthegreatwouldalwaysbethosewhohaddonegreatthingsandnevertheidiotswhosemothershadspoiledthemandwhosebepersonsof__allmindsandmeancharactersandnotpoorpersonswhohadneverhadachan__.Thatiswhyidiotsarealwaysinf__ourofinequalityofincometheironlychan__ofeminen__andthereallygreatinf__ourofequality.ByGeorgeBernardShawdistinction[dis5tiNkFEn]:theconditionorfactofbeingdissimilarordistinct;differen__区别,差别merit[5merit]:功绩,荣誉,价值eminen__[5eminEns]:apositionofgreatdistinctionorsuperiority卓越GeorgeBernardShaw1856-1950wasIrish-bornplaywrightpamphleteerandmusicandtheatercritic.Shawwasaruthlesssocialcriticandirreverenttowardinstitutions.Byforgingadra__thatcombinedmoralpassionandin____ectualconflictandexperimentingwithsymbolicfar__Shawhelpedtoreshapethestageofhistimeandtomoldthethoughtofhisownandlatergenerations.HisplayTheDevilsDisciplebecameasuc__ssintheUnitedStateshoweverandShawsnextwork__nandSuper__n1903helpedestablishShawsreputationinLondon.AmongtheplaysthatfollowedwasSaintJoan1923forwhichShawre__ivedthe1925NobelPrizeinliterature.肖伯纳,英国戏剧家,1856年7月26日生于爱尔兰都柏林1885年肖伯纳开始戏剧创作到_____为止,共完成剧本51部1925年获得诺贝尔文学奖Bestoftimes(Charles____ens)最好的时代狄更斯在《双城记》一书开头就说,“这是一个最好的时代,也是一个最坏的时代”妙哉斯言(此句经常被引用)!这段文字中多个平行句(句子结构相同)而打动读者文中句型的反复、形式上的对偶、内容上的对比、总体结构上的平行(排比),值得仔细体会Itwasthebestoftimesitwastheworstoftimes;itwastheageofwisdomitwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbeliefitwastheepochofincre____ty;itwastheseasonoflightitwastheseasonofdarkness;itwasthespringofhopeitwasthewinterofdespair;wehadeverythingbeforeuswehadnothingbeforeus;wewereallgoingdirecttoHe__enwewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.Ex__ptedfromATaleofTwoCitiesbyCharles____enswisdom[5wizdEm]智慧明智的行为学识epoch[5i:pCk5epCk]ageeraperiod___时代时期incre____ty[7inkri5dju:liti]:thestateorqualityofbeingincredulous;di__elief怀疑despair:toloseallhope绝望失望Charles____ens1812-1870Englishnovelistandoneofthemostpopularwritersinthehistoryofliterature.Inhisenormousbodyofworks____enscombined__sterlystory____inghumorpathosandironywithsharpsocialcritici__andacuteobservationofpeopleandpla__sbothrealandi__gined.Hisworksh__ebeentranslatedintopracticallyeverylanguageandhisnovelsh__ebeenadaptedtoplaysfilmsmusicalsandsoon.查尔斯-狄更斯,英国大名鼎鼎的作家,是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表他笔耕一生,靠勤奋和汗水创作出《双城记》、《大卫-科波菲尔》等世界名著作品艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析,以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称[译文]这是一个最好的时代,也是一个最坏的时代;这是明智的年代,这是愚昧的年代;这是信任的__,这是怀疑的__;这是光明的季节,这是黑暗的季节;这是希望的春日,这是失望的冬日;我们面前拥有一切,我们面前没有一切;我们都将直上天堂,我们都将直下地狱GreatExpectations(Charles____ens)远大前程下面的一段选自查尔斯·狄更斯的《远大前程》(1860-1861),这是他比较晚期的作品狄更斯经历了丰富的人间生活后,对人,对周围环境,对自己的生活经历都有了深刻的认识,而所有他成熟的思想认识都汇总在《远大前程》一书中这部作品的语言可谓是出神入化,要学习英国语言,这是一本典范狄更斯的作品不矫揉造作,不选用那些华而不实的词语他的用词都简单明了,朴实易懂所以文字读来朴实无华,如行云流水Asthenightwasfastfallingandasthemoonbeingpastthefullwouldnotriseearlyweheldalittlecouncil:ashortoneforclearlyourcoursewastoliebyatthefirstlonelyt__ernwecouldfind.Sotheypliedtheiroarson__moreandIlookedoutforanythinglikeahouse.Thusweheldonspeakinglittleforfourorfivedullmiles.Itwasverycoldandacolliercomingbyuswithhergallery-fire__okingandflaringlookedlikeacomfortablehome.Thenightwasasdarkbythistimeasitwouldbeuntilmorning;andwhatlightwehadseemedtocomemorefromtheriverthantheskyastheoarsintheirdippingstuckatafewreflectedstars.Ex__ptedfromGreatExpectationsbyCharles____enscouncil[5kaunsil]:anassemblyofpersonscalledtogetherforconsultationdeliberationordiscussion讨论会议t__ern[5t__E:n]:酒馆客栈pliedtheiroars:使劲划起桨来collier[5kCliE]:运煤船gallery-fire:厨房GreatExpectations,意思是指一笔遗产,中文有的译为“远大前程”(有的译作“孤星血泪”)这个译名给读者一种印象,即作品的主人公是有远大前程的而事实上,这个“远大前程”是带讽刺意义的,这部作品的主题决非仅仅是写孤儿皮普想当上等人的理想幻灭的故事,如果这样理解,就领会错了狄更斯创作这部作品的意义皮普生活在姐姐家里,生活艰苦,他的理想是当一名像姐夫一样的铁匠,他没有想当上等人后来他之所以想当上等人是因为环境的改变狄更斯的哲学思想之一是环境对人思想的影响不同的环境可以造就成不同的人皮普的整个发展过程是符合一般人性理论的[译文]天黑得很快,偏巧这天又是下弦月,月亮不会很早升起我们就稍稍商量了一下,可是也用不到多讨论,因为情况是明摆着的,再划下去我们一遇到冷落的酒店就得投宿于是他们又使劲打起桨来,我则用心寻找岸上是否隐隐约约有什么房屋的模样这样又赶了四五英里路,一路上好不气闷,大家简直不说一句话天气非常冷,一艘煤船从我们近旁驶过,船上厨房里生着火,炊烟缕缕,火光荧荧,在我们看来简直就是个安乐家了这时夜色已经黑透,看来就要这样一黑到天明,我们仅有的一点光亮,是乎不是来自天空,而是来自河上,一桨又一桨的,搅动着那寥寥几颗倒映在水里的寒星OfStu___sFrancisBacon论读书培根的随笔,灵活洒脱,无拘无束,又不失结构的严谨___曾有过这样的评述“他的著作虽然充满着最美妙、最聪明的言论,但是要理解其中的智慧,通常只需要付出很少的理性努力因此它的话常常被人拿来当作格言”《哲学史讲演录》第4卷,“关于培根”这一评价,当然也包括本篇在内Stu___sservefordelightforornamentandforability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivatenessandretiring;forornamentisindiscourse;andforabilityisinthejudgementanddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecuteandperhapsjudgeofparticularsonebyone;butthegeneralcounselsandtheplotsand__rshalingofaffairscomebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstu___sissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornamentisaffectation;to__kejudgementonlybytheirrulesisthehumourofascholar.Theyperfectnatureandareperfectedbyexperien__:fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplantsthatneedpruningbystudy;andstu___sthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlargeex__pttheybeboundedinbyexperien__.Craftymencontemnstu___s;______menadmirethem;andwisemenusethem:fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthemandabovethemwonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.Somebooksaretobetastedotherstobeswallowedandsomefewtobechewedanddigested:thatissomebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstobereadbutnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwhollyandwithdiligen__andattention.Somebooksalso__ybereadbydeputyandextracts__deofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantargumentsandthemeanersortofbook:elsedistilledbooksarelikecommondistilledwatersflashythings.Reading__kethafull__n;conferen__aready__n;andwritinganexact__n.Andthereforeifa__nwritelittlehehadneedh__eagreatmemory;ifheconferlittlehehadneedh__eapresentwit;andifhereadlittlehehadneedh__emuchcunningtoseemtoknowthathedothnot.Histories__kemenwise;poetswitty;the__ther__ticssubtile;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgr__e;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmores.Naythereisnostondorimpedimentinthewitbut__ybewroughtoutbyfitstu___s:likeasdiseasesofthebody__yh__eappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthesto__ch;ridingforthehead;andthelike.Soifa__n’switbewanderinglethimstudythe__the__tics;forindemonstrationsifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittlehemustbeginagain:ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferen__slethimstudytheschoolmen;fortheyarecyminisectores.Ithebenotapttobeatover__ttersandtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanotherlethimstudythelawyers’cases:soeverydefectofthemind__yh__easpecialre__ipt.Ex__ptedfromEssaysbyFrancisBaconornament[5C:nEmEnt]:装饰修饰王佐良先生将之译为“傅彩”;傅,涂也,译得精当世间只抓皮毛者,常附会为“博采”,误也inprivatenessandretiring:=inseclusionandretirementplots:plansex__pttheybe:ex__pttheyshouldbe__keth:olduse__keshadneedh__e:wouldrequiretoh__e;oughttoh__eifa__n’switbewandering:ifa__n’switshouldbewanderingAbeuntstudiainmores:LatinfromOvidHeroidesXV83:Stu___spassintothecharacter.cyminisectores:LatinpeoplewhopaytoomuchattentiontodetailsSirFrancisBacon1561-1626wasaphilosopherandastate__anaswellasa__nofletters-–arenaissan____nofhistime.Hewroteimportantliteraryandphilosophicalworksandwasa__jorcontributortomodernscientificthought.HisEssayspublishedsporadicallybetween1597and1625incorporateelementsofallthreedisciplinesandareconsideredhischiefcontributiontoliterature.WhatisgivenbelowisonesuchessayandtheChineseversionthatfollowsitisconsideredoneofthebestsofarthatcandojusti__totheoriginal.弗朗西斯.培根,英国著名的哲学家、科学家、思想家他是莎士比亚的同时代人,近代英国思想史上重要的代表人物之一,也是近代哲学史和科学史上上具有里程碑意义的杰出人物之一[译文]读书可以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然综观统筹,全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才华犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者慕读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之读书时不可存心诘难__,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏,淡而无味矣读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩;凡有所学,皆成性格人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,漫步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辩异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医(王佐良译)ThreePassionsBertrandRussell三种__三种__,质朴而又十分强烈,一直支配着我的人生,即对爱的渴望、对知识的求索和对人类苦难的无限怜悯当我读到这一句,我就被深深为之吸引了Threepassions______butoverwhelminglystrongh__egovernedmylife:thelongingforlovethesearchforknowledgeandunbearablepityforthesufferingof__nkind.Thesepassionslikegreatwindsh__eblownmehitherandthitherinawaywardcourseoveradeepo__anofanguishreachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.Ih__esoughtlovefirstbecauseitbringsecstasy-ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenh__esacrifi__dalltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ih__esoughtitnextbecauseitrelievesloneliness-thatterriblelonelinessinwhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfatho__blelifelessabyss.Ih__esoughtitfinallybecauseintheunionofloveIh__eseeninamysticminiaturetheprefiguringvisionofthehe__enthatsaintsandpoetsh__ei__gined.ThisiswhatIsoughtandthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhu__nlifethisiswhat-atlast-Ih__efound.WithequalpassionIh__esoughtknowledge.Ih__ewishedtounderstandtheheartsofmen.Ih__ewishedtoknowwhythestarsshine.AndIh__etriedtoapprehendthePythagoreanpowerbywhichnumberholdsswayabovetheflux.AlittleofthisbutnotmuchIh__eachieved.Loveandknowledgesofarastheywerepossibleledupwardtowardthehe__ens.Butalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Echoesofcriesofpainreverberateinmyheart.Childreninfaminevictimstorturedbyoppressorshelplessoldpeopleahatedburdentotheirsonsandthewholeworldoflonelinesspovertyandpain__keamockeryofwhathu__nlifeshouldbe.IlongtoalleviatetheevilbutIcannotandItoosuffer.Thishasbeenmylife.Ih__efounditworthlivingandwouldgladlyliveitagainifthechan__wereofferedme.Ex__rptedfromWhatIH__eLivedForbyBertrandRussellhitherandthither:到处,忽此忽彼ecstasy[5ekstEsi]:intensejoyordelight欣喜若狂unfatho__ble[Qn5fATEmEbl]:difficultorimpossibletounderstand;incomprehensible深不可测的miniature[5minjEtFE]:缩图,缩影Pythagorean[pai7WA^E5ri:En]:毕达哥拉斯式的flux[flQks]:constantorfrequentchange;fluctuation不断变化,波动famine[5fAmin]:severehunger;starvation极度饥饿;饥饿BertrandRussell1872-1970wasBritishphilosopherandpopulariserandhistorianofphilosophy__the__ticianleadingexponentofLogici__pacifistjailedfor6monthsin1918anticonscriptioncampaignandFabiansocialist;leaderofCampaignforNuclearDisar__mentco-organiserofInternationalWarCrimesTribunalconvenedin1966tofocusoppositiontoUSwarinVietnam.HewontheNobelPrizeforliteraturefamousinChinaforhisHistoryofWesternPhilosophyandwastheco-authorofPrincipia__the__tic.罗素20世纪著名的数学家、逻辑学家和哲学家无数人将罗素视为这个时代的先知,而与此同时罗素的许多__立场却又是十分有争议性的他出生于1872年http://zh._________.org/wiki/1872%E5%B9%B4\o1872年正值巅峰的大英帝国http://zh._________.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD\o英国,逝于1970年,此时的英国http://zh._________.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD\o英国已经历两次世界大战http://zh._________.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98\o世界大战的摧残,帝国已经土崩瓦解[译文]有三种质朴而又十分强烈的__一直支配着我的人生,这就是对爱的渴望、对知识的求索和对人类苦难的无限怜悯这三种__,有如狂飙挟我四海漂泊,游移不定,直至苦海的深渊,濒临绝望的边缘我寻求爱,首先在于爱能带来狂喜-----它是如此令人心醉神迷,我愿舍弃余生来换取这片刻的欢乐;我寻求爱,还因为爱能消除孤独-----那种当一个颤抖的灵魂从世界的边缘透视那冰冷、荒凉的无尽深渊时感到的那种孤独;此外,我所以寻求爱,还因为在爱的交融中,我看见了圣者和诗人所预想的天堂景象的神秘缩影,这正是我心中之所求,虽然人生似乎难臻此境,我最终却不负所求我怀着同样的__来探索知识我希望能够理解众人之心,我渴望了解星星缘何闪光,我也曾努力领会毕达哥拉斯赋与数的力量------主宰万物流变之力我虽未创斐然之绩,却也还算小有所成爱和知识竭力引导着我超凡入圣,但怜悯又把我拉回了凡尘声声悲号在我心中回响不绝饥饿的孩子、惨遭__者折磨的苦难者、因依附__而被视为可憎重负的老年人以及整个孤独、贫困和痛苦的世界是对人们理想人生的嘲讽我渴望减轻罪恶,却又__为力,我也同样感到痛苦这就是我的人生我觉得自己并未虚度此生,若有可能,我将欣然再一次度过如此人生FranknessRobertE.Lee诚实文中的第一段,常常为人们所引用本文是李将军写给__的话Youmuststudytobefrankwiththeworld:franknessisthechildofhonestyandcourage.Sayjustwhatyoumeantodooneveryoccasion.Ifafriendasksaf__oryoushouldgrantitifitisreasonable;ifnot____himplainlywhyyoucannot.Youwouldwronghimandwrongyourselfbyequivocationofanykind.Neverdoawrongthingto__keafriendorkeepone.The__nwhorequiresyoutodosoisdearlypurchasedatasacrifi__.Dealkindlybutfirmlywithallyourclas__ates.Youwillfinditthepolicywhichwearsbest.Abovealldonotappeartootherswhatyouarenot.Ifyouh__eanyfaulttofindwithanyone____himnotothersofwhatyoucomplain.Thereisnomoredangerousexperimentthanthatofundertakingtodoonethingbeforea__n’sfa__andanotherbehindhisback.Weshouldsayanddonothingtotheinjuryofanyone.Itisnotonlya__tterofprinciplebutalsothepathofpea__andhonor. ByRobertE.Leefrankness:candidness;outspokenness.坦白;率直occasion[E5keiVEn]:timelyopportunity.时机f__or[5feivE]:kindness;friendlyregard.恩惠;眷顾grant:allow;give.同意,允许;给reasonable:proper;rational.正当的;合理的plainly:frankly坦白地wrong:doinjusti__to得罪equivocation[i7kwivE5keiFEn]:usingexpressionsofun__rtainmeaning.支吾其辞模棱两可的话dealwith:treat.对待wear:endure.持久aboveall:morethanall;aboveeverythingelse.首先,最重要h__eanyfaulttofindwith:criticizeunf__orably;blame.指摘;责备experiment:practicaltest.试验undertaking[7QndE5teikiN]:promising.允许injury[5indVEri]:da__ge.损害principle[5prinsEpl]:moralprinciples.原则;道义RobertE.Lee1807-1870Americansol___rgeneralintheConfederateStatesarmywastheyoungestsonof__jor-generalHenryLeecalledLightHorseHarry.HetrainedatWestPointandintheMexicanWarbecamechiefengineerofthe__ntralarmyinMexico
1846.Hecom__ndedtheUSMilitaryAcademy1852--5wasac__alryoffi__rontheTexanborder1855--9andin1861was__decom__nder-in-chiefoftheVirginiafor__s.HewasinchargeofthedefensesatRichmondanddefeatedFederalfor__sintheSevenDaysBattles
1862.HisstrategyinopposingGeneralPopehisinvasionofMarylandandPennsylvaniaandotherachievementsare__ntraltothehistoryofthewar.In1865hesurrenderedhisarmytoGeneralGrantatAppomattoxCourthouse.AfterthewarhebecamePresidentofWashingtonCollegeatLexington.罗伯特·李将军是美国历史上最为传奇的人物之一,他曾经是美国内战时期南方联军的统帅有兴趣的读者可以找来他的传记读一读[译文]ThreePeriodsofMyYouthJohnWool__n年轻时代的三个阶段清__认为人要过圣洁的生活,要反省自我,就必须每天在神面前记下自己的所作所为约翰·乌门深受17世纪清__运动的影响,仔细地记录自己的内心世界和言行本文选自其《日记》第一章,是__在36岁时对幼时生活的追忆这本自传语言晓畅,被列入哈佛大学必读经典AboutthetwelfthyearofmyagemyfatherbeingabroadmymotherreprovedmeforsomemisconducttowhichI__deanundutifulreply;andthenextfirst-dayasIwaswithmyfatherreturningfrommeetinghetoldmeheunderstoodIhadbeh__edamisstomymotherandadvisedmetobemorecarefulinfuture.Iknewmyselfbla__bleandinshameandconfusionre__inedsilent.BeingthusawakenedtoasenseofmywickednessIfeltremorseinmymindandgettinghomeIretiredandprayedtotheLordtoforgiveme;andIdonotrememberthatIeverafterthatspokeunhandsomelytoeitherofmyparentshoweverfoolishinsomeotherthings.H__ingattainedtheageofsixteenIbegantolovewantoncompany:andthoughIwaspreservedfromprofanelanguageorscandalousconductstillIper__ivedaplantinmewhichprodu__dmuchwildgrapes.YetmymercifulFatherforsookmenotutterlybutattimesthroughHisgra__Iwasbroughtseriouslytoconsidermyways;andthesightofmybackslidingaffectedmewithsorrow:butforwantofrightlyattendingtothereproofsofinstructionvanitywasaddedtovanityandrepentan__.UponthewholemymindwasmoreandmorealienatedfromthetruthandIhastenedtowardsdestruction.WhileImeditateonthegulftowardswhichItr__eledandreflectonmyyouthfuldisobe___n__myheartisaffectedwithsorrow.Thustimepassedonmyheartwasreplenishedwithmirthandwantonnesswhilepleasings__nesofvanitywerepresentedtomyi__ginationtillIattainedtheageofeighteenyearsnearwhichtimeIfeltthejudgmentsofGodinmysoullikeaconsumingfireandlookingovermypastlifetheprospectwasmoving.Iwasoftensadandlongedtobedeliveredfromthosevanities;thenagainmyheartwasstronglyinclinedtothemandtherewasinmeasoreconflict.AttimesIturnedtofollyandthenagainsorrowandconfusiontookholdofme.InawhileIresolvedtotallytole__eoffsomeofmyvanitiesbuttherewasasecretreserveinmyheartofthemorerefinedpartofthemandIwasnotlowenoughtofindtruepea__.ThusforsomemonthsIhadgreattroublesanddisquiettherere__ininginmeanunsu__ectedwillwhichrenderedmylaborsfruitlesstillatlengththroughthemercifulcontinuan__ofhe__enlyvisitationsIwas__detobowdowninspiritbeforethemostHigh.IrememberoneeveningIhadspentsometimeinreadingapiousauthorandwalkingoutaloneIhumblyprayedtotheLordforHishelpthatImightbedeliveredfromthosevanitieswhichsoensnaredme….ThusbeingbroughtlowHehelpedmeandasIlearnedtobearthecrossIfeltrefreshmenttocomefromHispresen__:butnotkeepinginthatstrengthwhichg__evictoryIlostgroundagainthesenseofwhichgreatlyafflictedme;andIsoughtdesertsandlonelypla__sandtherewithtearsdidconfessmysinstoGodandhumblycr__edhelpofHim.AndI__ysaywithreveren__Hewasneartomeinmytroublesandinthosetimesofhumiliationopenedmyeartodiscipline.Ex__rptedfromJournalbyJohnWood__nwanton[5wCntEn]:undisciplined;spoiled;frolicsome荒唐的,嬉戏的wantoncompany朋友profanelanguage污言秽语mercifulFather仁慈的主repentan__[ri5pentEns]:remorseorcontritionforpastconductorsin悔恨aconsumingfire熊熊燃烧的大火theMostHigh上帝,主bearthecross承受痛苦、悲伤等JohnWood__n约翰·乌门,17世纪后期的清__,给后世留下了大量日记清__认为人要过圣洁的生活、每天修炼自己,就必须每天在神面前记账他们认真地对待自己的内心世界,每天仔细地记录自己的心思和言行,这种观念,的确导致了人们写日记的习惯LoveYourLifeHenryD__idThoreau热爱生活Howevermeanyourlifeismeetitandliveitdonotshunitandcallithardnames.Itisnotsobadasyouare.Itlookspoorestwhenyourerichest.Thefault-finderwillfindfaultseveninparadise.Loveyourlifepoorasitis.You__yperhapsh__esomepleasantthrillingglorioushourseveninapoor-house.Thesettingsunisreflectedfromthewindowsofthealms-houseasbrightlyasfromtherich__n’sabode;thesnowmeltsbeforeitsdoorasearlyinthespring. Idonotseebutaquietmind__yliveascontentedlythereandh__eascheeringthoughtsasinapala__.Thetownspoorseemtomeoftentolivethemostindependentlivesofany.__ybetheyaresimplygreatenoughtore__ivewithoutmisgiving.Mostthinkthattheyareabovebeingsupportedbythetown;butitoftenhappensthattheyarenotabovesupportingthemselvesbydishonestmeanswhichshouldbemoredisreputable.Cultivatepovertylikeagardenherblikesage. Donottroubleyourselfmuchtogetnewthingswhetherclothesorfriends.Turntheoldreturntothem.Thingsdonotchange;wechange.Sellyourclothesandkeepyourthoughts.ByHenryD__idThoreaupoor-house:济贫院alms-house:济贫院abovebeingsupported不靠外援HenryD__idThoreau1817-1862Americanessayistpoetandpracticalphilosopherbest-knownforhisautobiographicalstoryoflifeinthewoodsWALDEN
1854.ThoreaubecameoneoftheleadingpersonalitiesinNewEnglandTrans__ndentali__.Hewrotetirelesslybutearnedfromhisbooksandjournali__little.ThoreausCIVILDISOBE___N__1849influen__dGandhiinhispassiveresistan__campaigns__rtinLutherKingJr.andatonetimethepoliticsoftheBritishLabour_____.亨利·大卫·梭罗博物学家、散文家、超验现实主义作家生于美国康科德,毕业于剑桥大学他是一名虔诚的超验主义信徒,并用毕生的实践来体验这一思想,曾隐居家乡的瓦尔登湖长达两年之久,过着与世隔绝的生活其代表作《瓦尔登湖》又名《湖滨散记》,是他隐居生活的真实记录他的作品朴实无华,亲近自然,极大地感染了一战后美___思想,从而也奠定了他在美国文学史上的崇高地位[译文]不管你的生活如何卑微,你都得面对与度过;不要逃避,更不要诅咒当你贫困不堪时,生活并不象你想象的那样糟糕;而你富甲天下时,生活却显得贫瘠乏味就是在天堂,挑剔的人也总能挑出缺点虽然贫穷,你也应该热爱生活,因为即使在救济院,你也有自己的快乐、幸福与辉煌的时刻夕阳照在救济院的窗上的光同照在富人家的一样耀目,门前的积雪也同在早春融化我只知道一个心绪宁静的人,如同城镇中的贫民,大凡过着最为无拘无束的生活或许他们只是超乎寻常,毫不恐惧地接受这一切大多数人都认为自己无需依赖城镇的供养,然而结果常常是他们养活自己靠的是不诚实的手段,这比贫民的生活更不体面视贫穷如园中的花草慢慢地耕耘吧不要刻意地追求新花样——新衣服或新朋友寻求故往,回归故往万物未变,是我们在变你的衣服可以卖掉,但要保留自己的思想ThreeDaystoSeeHelenKeller给我三天光明马克`吐温曾说19世纪有两个奇人,一个是拿破仑,一个是海伦·凯勒下面几段摘选自海伦·凯勒的自传《假如给我三天光明》,海伦从小失明,是一位生活在黑暗中却给人类带来光明的女性在经历了种种的艰辛与磨难之后,她开始跨越了自己,挣脱出小我的圈子,她的心情逐渐开朗,“我要把别人眼睛所看见的光明当作我的太阳,别人的耳朵听见的音乐当作我的乐曲,别人嘴角的微笑当作我的快乐”她接受了生命的挑战,她觉得自己获得了自由,内心深处的自由,她不仅仅是为了自己而活,她希望自己能奉献的不仅是几片绿叶,她要给世界整个春天优美的文字和真情让我们感动,让我们的眼睛渐渐湿润了,因为我们__到的是伟大的心灵 Mostofushowevertakelifeforgranted.Weknowthatonedaywemust___butusuallywepicturethatdayasfarinthefuture.Whenweareinbuoyanthealthdeathisallbutuni__ginable.Weseldomthinkofit.Thedaysstretchoutinanendlessvista.Sowegoaboutourpettytaskshardlyawareofourlistlessattitudetowardlife.…………Ih__eoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhu__nbeingwerestrickenblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeduringhisearly_____life.Darknesswould__kehimmoreappreciativeofsight;silen__wouldteachhimthejoysofsound.NowandthenIh__etestedmyseeingfriendstodiscoverwhattheysee.Re__ntlyIwasvisitedbyaverygoodfriendwhohad justreturnedfromalongwalkinthewoodsandIaskedherwhatshehadobserved..Nothinginparticular”shereplied.Imighth__ebeenincreduloushadInotbeenaccustomedtosuchreposesforlongagoIbecameconvin__dthattheseeingseelittle.HowwasitpossibleIaskedmyselftowalkforanhourthroughthewoodsandseenothingworthyofnoteIwhocannotseefindhundredsofthingstointerestmethroughmeretouch.Ifeelthedelicatesymmetryofaleaf.Ipassmyhandslovinglyaboutthe__oothskinofasilverbirchortheroughshaggybarkofapine.InthespringItouchthebranchesoftreeshopefullyinsearchofabudthefirstsignofawakeningNatureafterherwinterssleep.Ifeelthedelightfulvelvetytextureofafloweranddiscoveritsre__rkableconvolutions;andsomethingofthemiracleofNatureisrevealedtome.OccasionallyifIamveryfortunateIpla__myhandgentlyona__alltreeandfeelthehappyquiverofabirdinfullsong.Iamdelightedtoh__ethecoolwatersofabrookrushthroughmyopenfinger.TomealushcarpetofpineneedlesorspongygrassismorewelcomethanthemostluxuriousPersianrug.Tomethepageantofseasonsisathrillingandunendingdra__theactionofwhichstreamsthroughmyfingertips.Ex__ptedfromTheStoryofMyLifebyHelenKellertakelifeforgranted:把生命想当然buoyant[5bCiEnt]:h__ingor__rkedbybuoyancy;lighthearted;gay有浮力的轻快的uni__ginable:想不到的____的vista[5vistE]:展望回想listless[5listlis]:lackingenergyordisinclinedtoexerteffort;lethargic倦怠的冷漠的,情绪低落的incredulous[in5kredjulEs]:skeptical;di__elieving怀疑的不轻信的accustom[E5kQstEm]:使习惯于symmetry[5simitri]:对称匀称silverbirch:白桦树shaggy[5FA^i]:h__ingaroughnaporsu_____表面粗糙的delightful令人愉快的可喜的velvety[5velviti]:象天鹅绒的柔软的re__rkable[ri5mB:kEbl]:attractingnoti__asbeingunusualorextraordinary不平常的值得注意的显著的convolution[7kCnvE5lju:FEn]:回旋盘旋卷绕lush[lQF]:青葱的豪华的luxurious[lQ^5zjuEriEs]:奢侈的豪华的pageant[5pAdVEnt]:壮观thrilling[5WriliN]:毛骨悚然的颤动的发抖的,令人振奋的HelenKeller1880-1968wasblindanddeafbutshebecameafamouswriterandteacher.ThenameHelenKellerhashadspecialmeaningformillionsofpeopleinallpartsoftheworld.Shecouldnotseeorhear.YetHelenKellerwasabletodosomuchwithherdaysandyears.Herunusuallifeanddedicatedworkhadaninternationalinfluen__onthelivesofthehandicappedHersuc__ssg__eothershope.海伦·凯勒,一个幽闭的盲聋哑世界里的人,竟然毕业于哈佛大学德克利夫学院,撰写了14部著作,并用生命的全部力量处处奔走,筹建慈善机构,为残疾人造福,被美国《时代周刊》评选为20世纪美国十大英雄偶像[参考译文]但是,我们大多数人把生活认为是理所当然的我们知道,某一天我们一定会死,但通常我们把那天想象在遥远的将来当我们心宽体健时,死亡几乎是不可想象的,我们很少想到它时日在无穷的展望中延展着,于是我们干着琐碎的事情,几乎意识不到我们对生活的倦怠态度…………我常常想,如果每个人在他成年的早期有一段时间致瞎致聋,那会是一种幸事,黑暗会使他更珍惜视力,寂静会教导他享受声音 我不时地询问过我的能看见东西的朋友们,以了解他们看到什么最近,我的一个很好的朋友来看我,她刚从一片森林里散步许久回来,我问她看到了什么,她答道“没什么特别的”如果我不是习惯了听到这种回答,我都可能不相信,因为很久以来我已确信这个情况能看得见的人却看不到什么 我独自一人,在林子里散步一小时之久而没有看到任何值得注意的东西,那怎么可能呢?我自己,一个不能看见东西的人,仅仅通过触觉,都发现许许多多令我有兴趣的东西我感触到一片树叶的__的对称性我用手喜爱地抚摸过一株白桦那光潮的树皮,或一棵松树的粗糙树皮春天,我摸着树干的枝条满怀希望地搜索着嫩芽,那是严冬的沉睡后,大自然苏醒的第一个迹象我抚摸过花朵那令人愉快的天鹅绒般的质地,感觉到它那奇妙的卷绕,一些大自然奇迹向我展现了有时,如果我很幸运,我把手轻轻地放在一棵小树上,还能__到一只高声歌唱的小鸟的愉快颤抖,我十分快乐地让小溪涧的凉水穿过我张开的手指流淌过去对我来说,一片茂密的地毯式的松针叶或松软而富弹性的草地比最豪华的波斯地毯更受欢迎对我来说四季的壮观而华丽的展示是一部令人激动的、无穷尽的戏剧这部戏剧的表演,通过我的手指尖端涌淌出来TheStudyofWordsWilfredFunkandNor__nLewis学习词汇的重要性“你老板的词汇量比你的词汇量大这是他___会成为你老板的一个重要原因”__认为每天花15分钟的时间记单词人,才会有丰富得体的表达能力,因此词汇能让你卓越不凡!Thatifyourvocabularyislimitedyourchan__sofsuc__ssarelimited.Thatoneoftheeasiestandquickestwaystogetaheadisbyconsciouslybuildingupyourknowledgeofwords.Thatthevocabularyofthe__eragepersonalmoststopsgrowingbythemiddletwenties.Andthatfromthenonitisne__ssarytoh__eanin____igentplanifprogressistobe__de.Nohaphazardhit-or-missmethodswilldo....………Thestudyofwordsisnotmerelysomethingthathastodowithliterature.Wordsareyourtoolsofthought.Youcanteventhinkatallwithoutthem.Tryit.Ifyouareplanningtogodowntownthisafternoonyouwillfindthatyouaresayingtoyourself:IthinkIwillgodowntownthisafternoon.Youcant__kesucha______decisionasthiswithoutusingwords.Withoutwordsyoucould__kenodecisionsandfromnojudgmentswhatsoever.Apianist__yh__ethemostbeautifultunesinhisheadbutifhehadonlyfivekeysonhispianohewouldnevergetmorethanafractionofthesetunesout.Yourwordsareyourkeysforyourthoughts.Andthemorewordsyouh__eatyourcom__ndthedeeperclearerandmoreaccuratewillbeyourthinking.Acom__ndofEnglishwillnotonlyimprovethepro__ssesofyourmind.Itwillgiveyouassuran__;buildyourself-confiden__;lendcolortoyourpersonality;increaseyourpopularity.Yourwordsareyourpersonality.Yourvocabularyisyou.Yourwordsareallthatweyourfriendsh__etoknowandjudgeyouby.Youh__enoothermediumfor____ingusyourthoughts-forconvincinguspersuadingusgivingusorders.Ex__ptedfromGiveus15MinutesaDaybyWilfredFunkNor__nLewisliterature[5litEritFE]:文学作品文艺著作文献convin__[kEn5vins]:tobringbytheuseofargumentoreviden__tofirmbelieforacourseofaction使确信使信服WilfredFunk()威尔弗雷德·芬克典编辑、出版、作家;诺曼·刘易斯(Nor__nLewis),纽约州立大学的英语指导教师,1942年合作发表《三十天获取更有力的词汇量》(ThirtyDaystoAMorePowerfulVocabulary)一书该书是美国出版史上最为畅销的“自学后册”之一[译文]如果你的词汇量不大,你成功的机会也就不多 最简洁而又最迅速的改进方法之一就是有意识地扩大你的词汇知识 普通人的词汇量到了__五六岁左右就几乎停止增长了从那以后要想继续啬词汇量就必须有一个精心设计的计划随意安排的、漫无目的计划是不起作用的…………词汇学习并非只是某种与文学有关的事情词汇是思维的工具滑有了词汇你甚至根本无法思维你可以试一试如果你打算今天下午进城,你会发现你在对自己说“我候今天下午我要进趟城”不借助词的话,你就连这样一个简单的决定也作不了 没有了词汇佻什么决定也作不了,什么判断也作不成一位钢琴家的脑袋中可能想到了一首美妙的曲子,但是如果他的钢琴上只有五个音键的话,他永远也只能演奏出这首曲子的一些破碎的片段你的文科是你思维的关键你所掌握的词汇越多,你的思想就越深邃、越清晰、越准确 掌握英语不仅可以改进偿的思维方式,它还给你信心,令你自信,带给你鲜明的个性,使你更受欢迎你的用词反映了你的个性所谓词如其人作为你的朋友,我们大家都是从你的言辞中来了解你和评价你的除此以外,你无法用别的什么交际手段来告诉我们你的想法——无法使我们信服,无法劝服我们,无法给我们下命令TheEnglishHumorJohnWatson英___幽默每个国家也有自己的特定的幽默要理解一个国家的幽默,就要了解____的性格和传统,甚至还要有所深入地了解它的悲伤我们来看看英___幽默FunseemstobethepossessionoftheEnglishra__.FunisJohnBull’sideaofhumour,andthereisnoin____ectualjudgmentinfun.Everybodyunderstandsitbecauseitispractical.Morethanthat,itunitesallclassesandsweetensevenpoliticallife.TostudytheelementalformofEnglishhumour,youmustlooktotheschool-book.Itbeginswiththepracticaljoke,andunlessthereissomethingofhisnatureaboutit,itisneverhumourtoanEnglish__n.InanEnglishhousehold,funisgoingallthetime.Theentirehouseresoundswithit.Thefathercomeshomeandthewholefamilycontributetotheamusement;puns,humoroususesofwords,littlethingsthataremeaninglessnonsense,ifyoulike,flyround,andeveryoneenjoysthemthoroughlyforjustwhattheyare.TheScotcharedevoidofthistrait,andtheAmericansseemtobe,too.IfIhadthepowertogivehumourtothenationIwouldnotgivethemdrollery,forthatisimpractical;Iwouldnotgivethemwit,forthatisaristocratic,and__nymindscannotgraspit;butIwouldbecontentedtodealoutfun,whichhasnoin____ectualelement,nosubtlety,belongstooldandyoung,educatedanduneducatedalike,andisthenaturalformofthehumouroftheEnglish__n.Letme____youwhytheEnglish__nspeaksonlyonelanguage.Hebelieveswiththestrongestconvictionthathisowntongueistheonethatallpeopleoughttospeakandwillcomeintimetospeak,sowhatistheuseoflearninganyotherHebelieves,too,thatheisappointedbyProviden__tobeagovernorofalltherestofthehu__nra__.FromourScottishstandpointwecanneverseeanEnglish__nwithoutthinkingthatthereisoozingfromeveryporeofhisbodytheconvictionthathebelongstoagoverningra__.Ithasnotbeenhisdesirethatlargeportionsoftheworldshouldbeunderhiscare,butastheyh__ebeenthrustuponhiminthepro__edingsofawiseProviden__,hemustdischargehisduty.Thistheoryhasn’tendearedhimtoothersofhiskind,butthatisn’ta__tterthatcon__rnshim.Hedoesn’tlearnanyotherlanguagebecauseheknowsthathecouldspeakitonlysoimperfectlythatotherpeoplewouldlaughathim,anditwouldneverdothatapersonofhisimportan__intheschemeoftheuniverseshouldbe__detheo__ectofridicule.Ex__ptedfromScottishHumourByJohnWatsonpun[pQn]:双关语drollery[5drEulEri]:Theactofjoking解嘲todealoutoffun:学会开玩笑JohnB.Watson1878-1958wasanAmericanpsychologistwhocodifiedandpublicizedhttp://___.britannica.com/needmorehttp://___.britannica.com/needmorebeh__iouri__anapproachtopsychologythatinhisviewwasrestrictedtotheo__ectiveexperimentalstudyoftherelationsbetweenenviro__entaleventsandhu__nbeh__iour.约翰·华生美国心理学家,行为主义心理学的创始人他认为心理学研究的对象不是意识而是行为,心理学的研究方法必须抛弃“内省法”,而代之以自然科学常用的实验法和观察法华生在使心理学客观化方面发挥了巨大的作用1915年当选为美国心理学会__ [译文]逗乐儿似乎是英___秉性,是约翰·布尔所说的幽默,不需区分智力高下它切合实际,人人都懂不仅如此,它把各阶层人士__在一起,甚至还使__生活变得盎然有趣要研究英国幽默的基础形式,你必须观察学童逗乐儿始于恶作剧,但须顺其自然,否则在英国人看来,就无幽默可言在一个英国家庭里,逗乐儿无时不在进行,整幢屋子其乐融融父亲回家了,全家人各显其能,津津乐道;双关语、俏皮话、大实话、空话废话满天飞,人人尽情享受苏格兰人没有这种性格,美国人恐怕也没有如果我有权给予各民族幽默,那么我不给予他们解嘲,因为那不切实际;也不给予他们风趣,因为那过于贵族派头,以致多数人无法理解;我要心满意足地给予他们逗乐儿,即不分智力高下,没有隐晦曲折,无论老少或受教育与否都能享受的英国式的自然幽默让我告诉诸位___英国人只讲一种语言英国人坚信,英语是各国人民都应该讲、而且迟早都会讲的语言,因此,学其他语言有什么用?他还认为,上帝已委派他成为全人类的主宰从苏格兰人的立场来看,英国人每一个毛孔都散发着他是属于统治民族的信念他虽然不想把各国人民置于自己的监护之下,但是,既然贤明的上帝让他这样做,他就必须尽到责任这种理论没有使他对其他人、包括对和他一样的人变得亲切可爱,但那不关他的事他之所以不学其他语言,因为他知道自己说得很糟,唯恐别人耻笑,而像他那样重要的人是万万不能成为别人的笑柄的TheEnglishCharacterOliverGold__ith英___性格TheEnglishseemassilentastheJapaneseyetvainerthantheinhabitantsofSiam.UponmyarrivalIattributedthatreservetomodestywhichInowfindhasitsorigininpride.Condes__ndtoaddressthemfirstandyouaresureoftheiracquaintan__;stooptoflatteryandyouconciliatetheirfriendshipandesteem.Theybearhungercoldfatigueandallthemiseriesoflifewithoutshrinking;dangeronlycallsforththeirfortitude;theyevenexultincalamity;butcontemptiswhattheycannotbear.AnEnglish__nfearscontemptmorethandeath;heoftenfliestodeathasarefugefromitspressure;and___swhenhefanciestheworldhas__asedtoesteemhim.Prideseemsthesour__notonlyoftheirnationalvi__sbutoftheirnationalvirtuesalso.AnEnglish__nistaughttolovehiskingashisfriendbuttoacknowledgenoother__sterthanthelawswhichhimselfhascontributedtoenact.Hedespisesthosenationswhothatone__ybefreeareallcontenttobesl__es;whofistliftatyrantintoterrorandthenshrinkunderhispowerasifdelegatedfromhe__en.Libertyisechoedinalltheirassemblies;andthousandsmightbefoundreadytoofferuptheirlivesforthesoundthoughperhapsnotoneofallthenumbersunderstandsitsmeaning.Thelowestmechanichoweverlooksuponitashisdutytobeawatchfulguardianofhiscountry’s_______andoftenusesalanguagethatmightseemhaughtyeveninthemouthoftheGreatEmperorwhotra__shisan__strytothemoon.ByOliverGold__ithvain[vein]:notyieldingthedesiredoutcome;fruitless徒然的无益的fortitude[5fC:titju:d]:strengthofmindthatallowsonetoendurepainoradversitywithcourage坚韧刚毅exult[i^5zQlt]:torejoi__greatly;bejubilantortriumphant.狂喜喜气洋洋或得意洋洋tyrant[5taiErEnt]:暴君delegate[5deli^it]:代表OliverGold__ith1728-1774wasagreat__n.Despitethedisintegrationofhispersonalitythefoolishnessofhisactionshisex__ssivedrunkennessandincurableextr__agan__.Hewasa__n—a__nofraretalentsthatborderedongeniusoneofthefinestnaturalwritersintheEnglishlanguage.ThisreputationisbasedonandjustifiedbysomehalfadozenbooksessaysplayspoemsandonenovelTheVicarOfWakefield.AndAnHistoryoftheEarthandAni__tedNaturehasbeendescribedaseverythingfromhackworktohismostsubstantialliterarylegacy.奥利弗·戈德史密斯,是十八世纪著名的英国剧作家1756年,定居伦敦,并展开其创作事业不论是诗歌、小说、文章还是剧本,他的写作风格均以嘻笑怒骂的形式,籍以讽刺时弊Advi__toYouth(__rkTwin)忠告年轻人BeingtoldIwouldbeexpectedtotalkhereIinquiredwhatsortoftalkIoughtto__ke.Theysaiditshouldbesomethingsuitabletoyouth-somethinginstructiveorsomethinginthenatureofgoodadvi__.Verywell.Ih__eafewthingsinmymindwhichIh__eoftenlongedtosayfortheinstructionoftheyoung;foritisinone’stenderearlyyearsthatsuchthingswillbesttakerootandbemostenduringandmostvaluable.FirstthenIwillsaytoyoumyyoungfriends-andIsayitbeseechinglyurgingly-Alwaysobeyyourparentswhentheyarepresent.Thisisthebestpolicyinthelongrunbecauseifyoudon’ttheywill__keyou.Mostparentsthinktheyknowbetterthanyoudoandyoucangenerally__kemorebyhumoringthatsuperstitionthanyoucanbyactingonyourownbetterjudgment.Berespectfultoyoursuperiorsifyouh__eanyalsotostrangersandsometimestoothers.Ifapersonoffendyouandyouareindoubtastowhetheritwasintentionalornotdonotresorttoextrememeasures;simplywatchyourchan__andhithimwithabrick.Thatwillbesufficient.Ifyoushallfindthathehadnotintendedanyoffensecomeoutfranklyandconfessyourselfinthewrongwhenyoustruckhim;acknowledgeitlikea__nandsayyoudidn’tmeanto.Yesalways__oidviolen__;inthisageofcharityandkindlinessthetimehasgonebyforsuchthings.Le__edynamitetothelowandunrefined.Gotobedearlygetupearly-thisiswise.Someauthoritiessaygetupwiththesun;somesaygetupwithonethingotherswithanother.Butalarkisreallythebestthingtogetupwith.Itgivesyouasplendidreputationwitheverybodytoknowthatyougetupwiththelark;andifyougettherightkindoflarkandworkathimrightyoucaneasilytrainhimtogetupathalfpastnineeverytime-itisnotrickatall.By__rkTwainsuperstition[7sju:pE5stiFEn]:迷信dynamite[5dainE__it]:__,充满火药味的(东西)anaesthesia[7AnEs5Wi:zjE]:麻醉法leak[li:k]:有漏洞的,破绽百出的preposterous[pri5pCstErEs]:contrarytonaturereasonorcommonsense;absurd荒谬的slander[5slB:ndE]:afalseand__liciousstatementorreportaboutsomeone诽谤__rkTwain(1835-1910)anAmericanwriterwhosesharpwithasentertained__nyreadersforovera__ntury.Throughouthiswholelifehetastedmisfortuneandsadness.Butheneverlosthishumourtowardslife.HisadventuresgivethereaderapictureofAmericanlifealongtheMississippibeforetheAmericanCivilWar.马克·吐温,美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人,世界著名的短篇小说__他经历了美国从“自由”资本主义到____的发展过程,其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段其作品文字清新有力,审视角度自然而独特,被视为美国文学史上具划时代意义的现实主义著作被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”TwoViewsofTime(R.Grudin)两种时间观念时间与人生似乎是个说不尽的话题时间永远存在于我们的世界,而我们却往往忽视它的存在I__ginethatyouspentyourwholelifeatasinglehouse.Eachdayatthesamehouryouenteredanartificially-litroomundressedandtookupthesamepositioningfrontofamotionpicturecamera.Itphotographedoneframeofyouperdayeverydayofyourlife.Onyourseventy-secondbirthdaythereeloffilmwasshown.Yousawyourselfgrowingandagingoverseventy-twoyearsinlessthanhalfanhour
27.4minutesatsixteenframespersecond.I__gesofthissortthoughterrifyingarehelpfulinsuggestingunfamiliarbutusefulperspectivesoftime.They__yforexamplesymbolizethetelescopedalmostmomentarycharacterofthepastasseenthroughtheeyesofananxiousordisaffectedindividual.Orthey__ysuggestthere__rkablebrevityofourlivesintheco__icscaleoftime.Iftheesti__tedageoftheco__oswereshortenedtoseventy-twoyearsahu__nlifewouldtakeabouttenseconds.Butlookattimetheotherway.Eachdayisaminoreternityofover86000seconds.Duringeachsecondthenumberofdistinctmolecularfunctionsgoingonwithinthehu__nbodyiscomparabletothenumberofsecondsintheesti__tedageoftheco__os.Afewsecondsarelongenoughforarevolutionaryideaastartlingcommunicationababy’scon__ptionawoundinginsultasuddendeath.Dependingonhowwethinkofthemourlivescanbeinfinitelylongorinfinitelyshort.ByR.Grudinperspective[pE5spektiv]:观点看法symbolize[5simbElaiz]:toserveasasymbolof象征[译文]设想你在同一间房子里度过了一生每天在同一时刻,你进入这间人工照明的__,脱去衣服,在摄影机前摆同一姿势在你一生所有的日子里,摄影机每天给你拍下一个镜头在你72岁生日那天,放映这部影片不到半个小时(每秒16个镜头,总共
27.4分钟),你就能看完了自己在72年里的“兴衰”这部影片,尽管令人惊诧,却能向我们说明那陌生而有用的时间概念比方说,它们可能象征着转瞬即逝的过去的缩影,如同在一个焦虑的而又愤愤不平眼中所见或者它们可能说明了在宇宙的时间里,我们生命的异常短暂如果将宇宙的估计年龄缩短到72年,人的生命可能只有10秒钟但是从另一个角度看时间,每天都有86,000秒的小永恒每一秒钟,人体内不同的分子作用的次数可与宇宙估计年龄中的秒钟数相比几秒钟的时间已足够进行一次__的酝酿、一场惊人的交流、一个婴儿的孕育、一起伤人的侮辱、一次突然的死亡我们的寿命可以是无线长,也可以是无限短,这取决于我们___待这一切TheDoerofDeedsTheodoreRoosevelt有作为的人美国前总统尼克松在他的《__者(Leaders)》一书中引用了如下的话Itisnotthecriticwhocountsnotthe__nwhopointsouthowthestrong__nstumblesorwherethedoerofdeedscouldh__edonethembetter.Thecreditbelongstothe__nwhoisactuallyinthearenawhosefa__is__rredbydustandsweatandblood;whostrivesvaliantly;whoerrsandcomesshortagainandagain;becausethereisnoteffortwithouterrorandshortcoming;butwhodoesactuallystrivetodothedeeds;whoknowsthegreatenthusia__sthegreatdevotions;whospendshimselfinaworthycausewhoatthebestknowsintheendthetriumphsofhighachievementandwhoattheworstifhefailsatleastfailswhiledaringgreatlysothathispla__shallneverbewiththosecoldandtimidsoulswhoknowneithervictorynordefeat.Ex__ptedfromTheHonorablePeopleByTheodoreRooseveltarena[E5ri:nE]:竞技场舞台valiantly:勇猛地英勇地enthusia__[in5Wju:ziAzEm]:greatexcitementfororinterestinasu__ectorcause狂热热心积极性TheodoreRoosevelt1858-191926thpresidentoftheUSA1901-1909RepublicanNobelPea__Prizewinner.HebroughtnewexcitementandpowertothePresidencyashevigorouslyledCongressandtheAmericanpublictowardprogressivereformsandastrongforeignpolicy.西奥多·罗斯福,__家、经济学家,美国总统罗斯福总统是一个热衷户户外生活的人,而在他的全部政策中,保护美国自然资源的政策具有最持久的意义[译文]真正令人尊敬的并非那些评论家和那些指出强者是如何跌倒、或实干家本该做得更好的人荣誉属于那些亲临竞技场,满面污泥、汗水和鲜血的人他们不懈地努力,他们曾犯过错,并一再失败他们满怀__,执著不懈,将生命奉献于崇高的事业他们为经过艰辛努力最终取得的伟大成就而自豪,如果失败,他们也败得荣耀因而,这样的人永远不应与那些不知道胜利,也未失败过的胆怯灵魂相提并论DidyoudealwithfortunefairlyLordChesterfield你对命运公平吗你是否感叹过命运对你不公?你是否从未想过——站在命运的立场上——问问自己你对命运公平吗?Mostpeoplecomplainoffortunefewofnature;andthekindertheythinkthelatterhasbeentothemthemoretheymurmuratwhattheycalltheinjusti__oftheformer.Whyh__enotItherichestherankthepowerofsuchandsuchisthecommonexpostulationwithfortune;butwhyh__enotIthemeritthetalentsthewitorthebeautyofsuchandsuchothersisareproachrarelyornever__detonature.Thetruthisthatnatureseldomprofuseandseldomniggardlyhasdistributedhergiftsmoreequallythansheisgenerallysupposedtoh__edone.Educationandsituation__kethegreatdifferen__.Cultureimprovesandoccasionselicitnaturaltalents.I__kenodoubtbutthattherearepotentiallyifI__yusethatpedanticword__nyBaconsLocksNewtonsCae____Cromwellsand__rlboroughsattheploughtailbehindcountersandperhapsevenamongthenobility;butthesoilmustbecultivatedandtheseasonf__ourableforthefruittoh__eallitsspiritandfl__our.Ifsometimesourcommonparenthasbeenalittlepartialandnotkeptthescalesquiteeven;ifonepreponderatestoomuchwethrowintothelighteraduecounterpoiseofvanitywhichneverfailstosetallright.Hen__ithappensthathardlyanyone__nwouldwithoutreverseandineveryparticularchangewithanyother.Toughallarethussatisfiedwiththedispensationsofnaturehowfewlistentohervoi__!Howtofollowherasaguide!Invainshepointsouttoustheplainanddirectwaytotruthvanityfancyaffectionandfashionassumehershapeandwindusthroughfairy-groundtofollyanderror.Ex__rptedfromUponAffectationbyLordChesterfieldniggardly[5ni^Edli]:grudgingandpettyingivingorspending吝啬的小气的pedantic[pi5dAntik]:characterizedbyanarrowoftenostentatiouscon__rnforbooklearningandfor__lrules迂腐的,学究式的preponderate[pri5p___Ereit]:tobegreaterthansomethingelseasinpowerfor__quantityorimportan__占优势超过胜过counterpoise[5kauntEpCiz]:平均平衡dispensation[7dispen5seiFEn]:theactofdispensing分配LordChesterfield1694-1773Englishstate__anandauthor.Anotedwitandoratorhislongpubliccareerbegunin1715includedanambassadorshiptoTheHague1728–32aseatinParliamentandasuc__ssfultenureaslordlieutenantofIreland1745–
46.Hisliteraryfamerestsuponhisletterstohisillegiti__tesonPhilipStanhopefirstpub.1774designedfortheeducationofayoung__nanduponhisletterstohisgodson.查斯特菲尔德勋爵,英国著名__家、外交家及文学家他曾就读于剑桥大学,并游学欧洲大陆,1726年继承爵位,1728年出使荷兰,曾任爱尔兰总督及国务大臣等职位并与他同时代的文学家波普、艾略特、爱迪生、斯威夫特等过往甚密查斯特菲尔德勋爵留给世人最宝贵的财富,是他集几十年的心血,写给__菲利普·斯坦霍普及教子的信在他的谆谆教诲下,其子也成为一名杰出的外交家[译文]很多人抱怨命运,却很少有人抱怨自然;人们越是认为自然对他们仁爱有加,便越是嘀咕命运对他们的所谓不公人们常常对命运发出诘难我为何没有财富、地位、权利以及诸如此类的东西;但人们却很少或从不这样责怪过自然我为何没有长处、天赋、机智或美丽以及诸如此类的东西事实是,自然总是将天赋公平地分配给人们,比人们通常认为的还要不偏不倚,很少过分地慷慨,也很少吝啬人与人之间的巨大差异是由于教育和环境使然文化修养改良了天赋,机遇环境诱发了天赋我们并不怀疑在农田耕作,在柜台后营业,甚至在豪门贵族中间有很多潜在的培根们、洛克们、牛顿们、恺撒们、克伦威尔们和马尔伯勒们,如果允许我用“潜在的”这个学究味浓重的词的话;但是要使果实具有它全部的品质和风味,还必须有耕耘过的泥土,必须有适宜的季节倘若大自然有时候有那么一点偏心,没有将天平摆正;倘若有一头过重,我们就会在轻的一头投上一枚大小适当的虚荣的砝码,它每次都会将天平重新调平,从不出差错因此就出现了这种情况几乎没有人会毫无保留地和另一个人里里外外全部对换一下虽然对于自然的分配,人人都感到满意;然而肯听听她的忠告的人却是如此之少!能将她当作向导而跟随其后的人又是如此之少!她徒然地为我们指出一条通往真理的笔直的坦途;而虚荣、幻想、矫情、时髦却俨然以她的面貌出现,暗中将我们引向虚幻的歧途,走向愚笨和谬误TheJoysofWritingWinstonChurchill写作的快乐写作是一种快乐,但并不是每一个都能享受的快乐邱吉尔把写作当作一种快乐,当作对生活幸福的消化把自己的心捧到纸上,去寻找和呼唤遥远的共鸣以一张素纸遮起人所有的羞怯,痛快淋漓地倾诉自己Thefortunatepeopleintheworld—theonlyreallyfortunatepeopleintheworldinmymind—arethosewhoseworkisalsotheirpleasure.Theclassisnotalargeonenotnearlysolargeasitisoftenrepresentedtobe;andauthorsareperhapsoneofthemostimportantelementsinitscomposition.Theyenjoyinthisrespectatleastarealharmonyoflife.Tomymindtobeableto__keyourworkyourpleasureistheoneclassdistinctionintheworldworthstrivingfor;andIdonotwonderthatothersareinclinedtoenvythosehappyhu__nbeingswhofindtheirlivelihoodinthegayeffusionsoftheirfancytowhomeveryhouroflabourisanhourofenjoymenttowhomrepose--howeverne__ssary--isatiresomeinterlude.andevenaholidayisalmostdeprivation.Whethera__nwriteswellorillhasmuchtosayorlittleifhecaresaboutwritingatallhewillappreciatethepleasuresofcomposition.Tositatonestableonasunnymorningwithfourclearhoursofuninterruptiblesecurityplentyofni__whitepaperandaSqueezerpen--thatistruehappiness.Thecompleteabsorptionoftheminduponanagreeableoccupation--whatmoreistherethanthattodesireWhatdoesit__tterwhathappensoutsideTheHouseofCommons__ydowhatitlikesandso__ytheHouseofLords.Theheathen__yragefuriouslyineverypartoftheglobe.Thebottom__ybeknockedcleanoutoftheAmerican__rket.Consols__yfallandsuffragettes__yrise.Nevermindforfourhoursatanyratewewillwithdrawourselvesfromacommonill-governedanddisorderlyworldandwiththekeyoffancyunlockthatcupboardwhereallthegoodthingsoftheinfiniteareputaway.ByWinstonChurchillInthegayeffusionsoftheirfancy在思如泉涌的想象中Interlude[5intE:7lu:d]:插曲deprivation[7depri5veiFEn]:theactoraninstan__ofdepriving;loss剥夺,丧失heathen[5hi:TEn]:异__consols[kEn5sClz]:统一公债由英国__1751年开始发行的__债券WinstonChurchill1874—1965waseducatedatHarrowandSandhurst.AfterabriefbuteventfulcareerinthearmyhebecameaConservativeMemberofParliamentin
1900.HeisbestknownforhisstubbornnessyetcourageousleadershipasPrimeMinisterforGreatBritainwhenheledtheBritishpeoplefromthebrinkofdefeatduringWorldWarII..温斯顿·邱吉尔两次任英国首相,保守党领袖在第二次世界大战期间带领英国人民取得反___战争伟大胜利的民族英雄,是与___、罗斯福并立的“三巨头”之一,是矗立于世界史册上的一代伟人邱吉尔在文学上有很深的造诣,于1953年获得诺贝尔文学奖[译文]在我看来,世上幸运的人——世上唯一真正幸运的人,是那些以工作为乐的人这类人并不多,还没有人们常说的那样多而且,作家是其中最重要的组成部分之一就幸运而言,他们至少享受着生活中真正的和谐之美我觉得能使工作成为乐趣,是世人值得为之奋斗的一种崇高的荣誉;而且,我相信别人会羡慕这些幸福的人,因为他们在快乐的幻想中找到了生活之路,对他们来说,每劳动一小时,就是享受一小时,而休息─—无论多么有必要─—是令人讨厌的插曲,甚至度假也几乎成了一种损失无论写得好坏,写成多少,只要有心计,就可尝到谋章布局的乐趣在一个阳光明媚的早晨,临桌而坐,整整四个小时不受打扰,有足够数量的洁白稿纸,还有一支“挤压式”妙笔─—那才叫真正的幸福全心全意地投入一项令人愉快的职业─—此愿足矣!外面发生什么事又有何妨?下院想干什么就干什么吧,上院也可如此异__可以在全球各地大发疯狂美国市场可以__崩溃证券可以下跌;女权运动可以兴起没有关系,不管怎么说,我们有四个小时可以躲开这俗气的、管理不善的、杂乱无章的世界,并且用想象这把钥匙,去开启藏有大千世界一切宝物的小橱TheMeaningofLifeJ.B.Priestley生命的意义Lifeisneverjustbeing.Itisabecomingarelentlessflowingon.Ourparentsliveonthroughusandwewillliveonthroughourchildren.Theinstitutionswebuildendureandwewillendurethroughthem.Thebeautywefashioncannotbedimmedbydeath.Ourflesh__yperishourhandswillwitherbutthatwhichtheycreateinbeautyandgoodnessandtruthlivesonforalltimetocome.Don’tspendandwasteyourlivesaccumulatingo__ectsthatwillonlyturntodustandashes.Pursuenotsomuchthe__terialastheidealforidealsaloneinvestlifewithmeaningandareofenduringworth.Addlovetoahouseandyouh__eahome. Addrighteousnesstoacityandyouh__eacommunity.Addtruthtoapileofredbrickandyouh__easchool.Addreligiontothehumblestofedifi__sandyouh__easanctuary.Addjusti__tothefar–flungroundofhu__nende__orandyouh__ecivilization.Putthemalltogetherexaltthemabovetheirpresentimperfectionsaddtothemthevisionofhu__nkindredeemedforeverfreeofneedandstrifeandyouh__eafuturelightedwiththeradiantcolorsofhope.ByJ.B.Priestleyrelentless[ri5lentlis]:unyieldinginseverityorstrictness;unrelenting无情的,不宽容的perish[5periF]:Tobringtodestruction;destroy使毁灭;摧毁edifi__[5edifis]:大厦大建筑物sanctuary[5sANktjuEri]:apla__ofrefugeorasylum避难所JohnBoyntonPriestley1__4-1984wasaWriter.Hestu___datBradfordandCambridge__deareputationwithhiscriticalwritingsandgainedwidepopularityfromhisnovelTheGoodCompanions
1929.HeestablishedhisreputationasaplaywrightwithDangerousCorner1932TimeAndTheConways1937andotherplaysonspa__-timethemesaswellaspopularcome___ssuchasLaburnumGrove
1933.伊恩顿.普里斯特利(1__4~1984),英国剧作家,小说家,批评家,其作品广为英语世界所知1929年出版代表作流浪汉小说《好伙伴》,1931年与诺布洛克合作将其改编成同名剧本 ,后又拍成影片,并于1974年改编为音乐剧,于是成为当时最有吸引力的剧作家之一[译文]生命从来不仅仅是存在它是一个逐渐变化发展的过程,它无情的流逝着,我们的父母通过我们而延续生命,而我们则通过我们的子女而延续它我们建立的制度、习俗会延续下去,而我们也会通过他们而延续我门创造的美丽不会因死亡而变的暗淡我们的肉体可能会消亡,我们的双手将干枯,但是人们用美丽善良和正直所创造的一切将永葆生机不要消耗并浪费你的生命去积累那些只会化作尘土与灰烬的东西不要过分的追求物质,而是应将理想作为目标,只有理想才赋予生命以意义并具有历久不衰的价值将爱赋予一坐房子,你便会拥有一个家将正义赋予一座城市,你将赢得全城的居民将真理赋予那一堆红砖,你便拥有一所学校给最简陋的大厦添加宗教信仰,你便拥有一所教堂将公正赋予久远而漫长的整个人类事业,你会拥有文明把他们视为一个整体,改善他们目前尚不完善的方面为其添加人类改过自新的憧憬,使其永远地摆脱贫困和争斗的煎熬,你会拥有一个被绚丽希望点亮的未来AmericanDreamCorinneBrown美国梦ToAmericansindustriousnessthriftandambitionarepositivevalues.Weencourageourchildrentobecompetitivetogetaheadto__kemoneytoacquirepossession.Ingamesandinbusinessaliketheaimistowinthegamethetrophythecontract.Wegoinforlabor-s__ingdevi__sgadgetsspeedandshortcuts.Wethinkeveryyoungcoupleshouldsetupahomeoftheirownandwepitythecouplewhomustsharetheirhomewithaparentletalonewithotherrelatives.ActuallyofcoursenotallAmericansholdallthesevaluesandthosewhodo__yholdotherandattimescontradictoryvaluesthataffecttheirwaysofbeh__ing.Inthe__inhoweverthecollectiveexpectationofoursocietyisthatthesearedesirablegoalsandtheindividualwhateverhispersonalinclinationisunderconsiderablepressuretoconform.ByCorinneBrownpositive[5pCzEtiv]:积极的,确有助益的gadget[5^AdVit]:诡计,圈套comform[5kQmfEt]:一致,符合CorinneBrownhasher__sterdegreeinhistory.Theauthorofchildren’sbooksisalsoapoetandplaywright.Herstoriesdemonstratethatchildrenfromdiversebackgroundscanchoosetogetalongevenwhen_____sarehostiletoeachother.BrownistheauthorofLetsKeepThisSecretandTheStowawayOnTheTitanic.柯瑞妮·布朗,儿童作家、诗人以及剧作家TheLowestAni__l__rkTwain最低等的动物__nistheonlyani__lthatrobshishelplessfellowofhiscountry-takespossessionofitanddriveshimoutofitordestroyshim.__nhasdonethisinalltheages.Thereisnotanacreofgroundontheglobethatisinpossessionofitsrightfulowner,orthathasnotbeentakenawayfromownerafterowner,cycleaftercycle,byfor__andbloodshed.__nistheonlySl__e.Andheistheonlyani__lwhoensl__es.Hehasalwaysbeenasl__einoneformoranother,andhasalwaysheldothersl__esinbondageunderhiminonewayoranother.Inourdayheisalwayssome__n’ssl__esforwages,anddoesthat__n’swork;andthissl__ehasothersl__esunderhimforminorwages,andtheydohiswork.Thehigherani__lsaretheonlyoneswhoexclusivelydotheirownworkandprovidetheirownliving.__nistheonlyPatriot.Hesetshimselfapartinhisowncountry,underhisownflag,andsneersattheothernations,andkeepsmultitudinousuniformedassassinsonhandathe__yexpensetograbsli__sofotherpeople’scountries,andkeepthemfromgrabbingsli__sofhis.Andintheintervalsbetweencampaignshewashesthebloodoffhishandsandworksfor“theuniversalbrotherhoodof__n”-withhismouth.__nistheReligiousAni__l.HeistheonlyReligiousAni__l.Heistheonlyani__lthathasTrueReligion-severalofthem.Heistheonlyani__lthatloveshisnei___orashimself,andcutshisthroatifhistheologyisn’tstraight.Hehas__deagr__eyardoftheglobeintryinghishonestbestto__oothhisbrother’spathtohappinessandhe__en.HewasatitinthetimeoftheCae____,hewasatitin__homet’stime,hewasatitinthetimeoftheInquisition,hewasatitinFran__acoupleof__nturies,hewasatitinEnglandin__ry’sday,hehasbeenatiteversin__hefirstsawthelight,heisatittodayinCrete-asperthetelegramsquotedabove-hewillbeatitsomewhereelsetomorrow.Thehigherani__lh__enoreligion.Andwearetoldthattheyaregoingtobeleftout,intheHereafter.IwonderwhyItseemsquestionabletaste.__nistheReasoningAni__l.Suchistheclaim.Ithinkitisopentodispute.Indeed,myexperimentsh__eproventomethatheistheUnreasoningAni__l.Notehishistory,assketchedabove.Itseemsplaintomethatwhateverheisnotareasoningani__l.Hisrecordisthefantasticrecordofa__niac.Iconsiderthatthestrongestcountagainsthisin____igen__isthefactthatwithrecordbackofhimheblandlysetshimselfupastheheadani__lofthelot whereasbyhisownstandardsheisthebottomone.Intruth,__nisincurablyfoolish.______thingswhichtheotherani__lseasilylearn,heisincapableoflearning.Amongmyexperimentswasthis.InanhourItaughtacatandadogtobefriends.Iputtheminacage.InanotherhourItaughtthemtobefriendswitharabbit.InthecourseoftwodaysIwasabletoaddafox,agoose,asquirrelandsomedoves.Finallyamonkey.Theylivedtogetherinpea__;evenaffectionately.By__rkTwainthetimeoftheInquisition:宗教审判时代asper:根据opentodispute:值得争议__niac[5meiniAk]:aninsaneperson.疯子sethimselfupas自封为……ThePleasantFamily(WilliamSomerset__ugham)幸福的一家这也许是世间无数对夫妻的生活写照,这种生活模式给人一种天伦之美,井然有序的幸福,但是又好像欠缺一点儿什么WheninanhourtheycrowdedintoacabtogohomeIstrolledidlytomyclub.IwasperhapsalittlelonelyanditwaswithatouchofenvythatIthoughtofthepleasantfamilylifeofwhichIhadhadaglimpse.Theyseemeddevotedtooneanother.Theyhadlittleprivatejokesoftheirownwhichunin____igibletotheoutsideramusedthemenormously.PerhapsCharlesStricklandwasdulljudgedbyastandardthatde__ndedaboveallthingsverbalscintillation;buthisin____igen__wasadequatetohissurroundingsandthatisapassportnotonlytoreasonablesuc__ssbutstillmoretohappiness.Mrs.Stricklandwasacharmingwo__nandshelovedhim.Ipicturedtheirlivestroubledbynountowardadventurehonestde__ntandbyreasonofthosetwoupstandingpleasantchildrensoobviouslydestinedtocarryonthenor__ltraditionsoftheirra__andstationnotwithoutsignifican__.Theywouldgrowoldinsensibly;theywouldseetheirsonanddaughtercometoyearsofreason__rryinduecourse--theoneaprettygirlfuturemotherofhealthychildren;theotherahandsome__nlyfellowobviouslyasol___r;andatlastprosperousintheirdignifiedretirementbelovedbytheirdes__ndantsafterahappynotunusefullifeinthefullnessoftheiragetheywouldsinkintothegr__e.Ex__rptedfromTheMoonandSixpen__byWilliamSomerset__ughamstroll[strEul]:闲逛,漫步glimpse[^limps]:abriefincompletevieworlook一瞥,一看unin____igible[5Qnin5telidVEbl]:beingsuchthatunderstandingorcomprehensionisdifficultorimpossible难以理解的scintillation[7sinti5leiFEn]:才华的焕发,闪亮untoward[Qn5tEuEd]:倔强的麻烦的困难的不幸的WilliamSomerset__ugham1874-1965wasanEnglishNovelistplaywrightandshort-storywriter.HisfirstnovelLizaofLambethwasaminorsuc__ssandheturnedtowritingfull-time.FourofhisplaysransimultaneouslyinLondonin1908andhewrote__nyothersnotablyTheMoonandSixpen__TheCircleEastofSuezandCakesandAle.Hisnovelsincludethesemi-autobiographicalOfHu__nBondage.HeisbestknownforhisshortstoriesparticularlyRainoriginallypublishedinthecollectionTheTremblingofaLeaf.TheCompleteShortStories3volswaspublishedin
1951.威廉·萨默赛特·毛姆,英国现代著名作家,__世纪上半叶最受人欢迎的小说家之一一__七年以描绘伦敦贫民区生活的小说《兰贝斯的丽莎》开始其漫长的创作生涯他一生著作甚多,除诗歌以外的各个文学领域,都有所涉及,有所建树他的作品,特别是他的长、短篇小说,文笔质朴,脉络清晰,人物性格鲜明,情节跌宕有致,机智、幽默,不时流露出对一些社会现象的讥讽[译文]一个钟头以后,这一家挤上一辆马车回家去了,我也一个人懒散地往俱乐部踱去我也许感到有一点寂寞,回想我刚才瞥见的这种幸福家庭生活,心里不无艳羡之感这一家人感情似乎非常融洽他们说一些外人无从理解的小笑话,笑得要命如果纯粹从善于辞令这一角度衡量一个人的智慧,也许查理斯·思特里克兰德算不得聪明,但是在他自己的那个环境里,他的智慧还是绰绰有余的,这不仅是事业成功的敲门砖,而且是生活幸福的保障思特里克兰德太太是一个招人喜爱的女人,她很爱她的丈夫我想象着这一对夫妻的生活,不受任何灾殃祸变的干扰,诚实、体面,两个孩子更是诚实可爱,肯定会继承和发扬这一家人的地位和传统,他们夫妻一场算是相当有意义的他们会不知不觉地进入暮年,他们将看到儿女长大__,继而结婚成家—一个已经出息成美丽的姑娘,将来还会生育活泼健康的孩子;另一个则是仪表堂堂的男子汉,显然会成为一名军人最后这一对夫妻告老引退,受到子孙敬爱,过着富足、体面的晚年生活他们幸福的一生并未虚度,直到年寿已经很高,才告别了人世ThoughtsinAbbeyJosephAddison教堂遐想WhenIaminaserioushumourIveryoftenwalkbymyselfinWestminsterAbbey;wherethegloominessofthepla__andtheusetowhichitisappliedwiththesolemnityofthebuildingandtheconditionofthepeoplewholieinitareapttofillthemindwithakindofmelancholyorratherthoughtfulnessthatisnotdisagreeable.IyesterdaypassedawholeafternooninthechurchyardthecloistersandthechurchamusingmyselfwiththetombstonesandinscriptionsthatImetwithinthoseseveralregionsofthedead.Mostofthemrecordednothingelseoftheburiedpersonbutthathewasbornupononedayand___duponanother:thewholehistoryofhislifebeingcomprehendedinthosetwocircumstan__sthatarecommontoall__nkind.Icouldnotbutlookupontheseregistersofexisten__whetherofbrassor__rbleasakindofsatireuponthedepartedpersons;whobadleftnoothermemorialofthembutthattheywerebornandthatthey___d.Theyputmeinmindofseveralpersonsmentionedinthebattlesofheroicpoemswhoh__esoundingnamesgiventhemfornootherreasonbutthatthey__ybekilledandare__lebratedfornothingbutbeingknockedonthehead...AncientGreek...—HOMER.GlaucumqueMedontaqueThersilochumque.—VIRGIL.Thelifeofthesemenisfinelydescribedinholywritbythepathofanarrowhttp://___.ourcivilisation.com/__artboard/shop/fowlerjh/note10/
001.htmwhichisimmediatelyclosedupandlost.UponmygoingintothechurchIentertainedmyselfwiththediggingofagr__e;andsawineveryshovelfulofitthatwasthrownupthefragmentofaboneorskullintermitwithakindoffreshmoulderingearththatsometimeorotherhadapla__inthecompositionofahu__nbody.UponthisIbegantoconsiderwithmyselfwhatinnumerablemultitudesofpeoplelayconfusedtogetherunderthep__ementofthatancientcathedral;howmenandwomenfriendsandenemiespriestsandsol___rsmonksandprebendarieswerecrumbledamongstoneanotherandblendedtogetherinthesamecommon__ss;howbeautystrengthandyouthwitholdageweaknessanddeformitylayundistinguishedinthesamepromiscuousheapof__tter.Afterh__ingthussurveyedthisgreat__gazineofmortalityasitwereinthelump;IexamineditmoreparticularlybytheaccountswhichIfoundonseveralofthemonumentswhichareraisedineveryquarterofthatancientfabric.Someofthemwerecoveredwithsuchextr__agantepitaphsthatifitwerepossibleforthedeadpersontobeacquaintedwiththemhewouldblushatthepraiseswhichhisfriendsh__ebestoweduponhim.Thereareotherssoex__ssivelymodestthattheydeliverthecharacterofthepersondepartedinGreekorHebrewandthatdoesnotunderstandmeanson__inatwelvemonth.InthepoeticalquarterIfoundtherewerepoetswhohadnomonumentsandmonumentswhichhadnopoets.Iobservedindeedthatthepresentwarhadfilledthechurchwith__nyoftheseuninhabitedmonumentswhichhadbeenerectedtothememoryofpersonswhosebo___swereperhapsburiedintheplainsofBlenheimhttp://___.ourcivilisation.com/__artboard/shop/fowlerjh/note10/
002.htmorinthebosomoftheo__an.Icouldnotbutbeverymuchdelightedwithseveralmodernepitaphswhicharewrittenwithgreatelegan__ofexpressionandjustnessofthoughtandthereforedohonourtothelivingaswellastothedead.Asaforeignerisveryapttocon__iveanideaoftheignoran__orpolitenessofanationfromtheturnoftheirpublicmonumentsandinscriptionstheyshouldbesubmittedtotheperusalofmenoflearningandgeniusbeforetheyareputinexecution.SirCloudeslyShovelshttp://___.ourcivilisation.com/__artboard/shop/fowlerjh/note10/
004.htmmonumenthasveryoftengivenmegreatoffen__:insteadofthebr__eroughEnglishAdmiralwhichwasthedistinguishingcharacterofthatplaingallant__nheisrepresentedonhistombbythefigureofabeaudressedinalongperiwigandreposinghimselfuponvelvetcushionsunderacanopyofstate.Theinscriptionisanswerabletothemonument;forinsteadof__lebratingthe__nyre__rkableactionshehadperformedintheservi__ofhiscountryitacquaintsusonlywiththe__nnerofhisdeathinwhichitwasimpossibleforhimtoreapanyhonour.TheDutchwhomweareapttodespiseforwantofgeniusshowaninfinitelygreatertasteofantiquityandpolitenessintheirbuildingsandworksofthisnaturethanwhatwemeetwithinthoseofourowncountry.Themonumentsoftheiradmiralswhichh__ebeenerectedatthepublicexpenserepresentthemlikethemselves;andareadornedwithrostralcrownshttp://___.ourcivilisation.com/__artboard/shop/fowlerjh/note10/
005.htmandn__alornamentswithbeautifulfestoonsofseaweedshellsandcoral.Buttoreturntooursu__ectIh__elefttherepositoryofourEnglishkingsforthecontemplationofanotherdaywhenIshallfindmyminddisposedforsoseriousanamusementhttp://___.ourcivilisation.com/__artboard/shop/fowlerjh/note10/
006.htm.Iknowthatentertai__entsofthisnatureareapttoraisedarkanddi__althoughtsintimorousmindsandgloomyi__ginations;butformyownpartthoughIamalwaysseriousIdonotknowwhatitistobemelancholy;andcanthereforetakeaviewofnatureinherdeepandsolemns__neswiththesamepleasureasinhermostgayanddelightfulones.BythismeansIcanimprovemyselfwiththoseo__ectswhichothersconsiderwithterror.WhenIlookuponthetombsofthegreateveryemotionofenvy___sinmewhenIreadtheepitaphsofthebeautifuleveryinordinatedesiregoesout;whenImeetwiththegriefofparentsuponatomb-stonemyheartmeltswithcompassion;whenIseethetomboftheparentsthemselvesIconsiderthevanityofgrievingforthosewhomwemustquicklyfollow;whenIseekingslyingbythosewhodeposedthemwhenIconsiderrivalwitspla__dsidebysideortheholymenhttp://___.ourcivilisation.com/__artboard/shop/fowlerjh/note10/
007.htmthatdividedtheworldwiththeircontestsanddisputesIreflectwithsorrowandastonishmentonthelittlecompetitions.factionsanddebatesof__nkind.WhenIreadtheseveraldatesofthetombsofsomethat___dyesterdayandsomesixhundredyearsagoIconsiderthatgreatdaywhenweshallallofusbecontemporariesand__keourappearan__together.Ex__ptedfromReflectionsInWestminsterAbbeyhttp://___.ourcivilisation.com/__artboard/shop/fowlerjh/note10/note
10.htmbyJosephAddisonsolemnity[sE5lemniti]:严肃一本正经melancholy[5melEnkEli]:sadnessordepressionofthespirits;gloom忧郁或情绪低落;郁闷shovelful[`FQvLlfJl]:一铲之量prebendary[5prebEndErI]:受俸者promiscuous[prE5miskjuEs]:lackingstandardsofselection;indiscriminate混杂的epitaph[5epitB:f]:aninscriptiononatombstoneinmemoryoftheoneburiedthere墓志铭碑文JosephAddison1672-1719wasEnglishessayistpoetandstate__an.HewaseducatedatCharterhousewherehewasaclas__ateofRichardSteeleandatOxfordwherehebecameadistinguishedclassicalscholar.Addisonfirstachievedprominen__withTheCampaign
1704.Addisonsmostenduringfamewasachievedasanessayist.HiscontributionstotheperiodicalsraisedtheEnglishessaytoadegreeoftechnicalperfectionneverbeforeachievedandperhapsneversin__surpassed.Inaprosestyle__rkedbysimplicityorderandprecisionhesoughttoengagemensthoughtstowardreasonmoderationandaharmoniouslife.约瑟夫·艾迪生英国散文家、诗人、剧作家以及__家艾迪生的名字在文学史上常常与他的好朋友理乍得·斯蒂尔一起被提起,两人最重要的贡献是创办两份著名的__《闲谈者》与《旁观者》[译文]TheArtofLivingJ.B.Priestley生活的艺术抓紧放松;明白了这对矛盾你就踏进了智慧的大门......Theartoflivingistoknowwhentoholdfastandwhentoletgo.Forlifeisaparadox:itenjoinsustoclingtoits__nygiftsevenwhileitordainstheireventualrelinquishment.Therabbisofoldputitthisway:A__ncomestothisworldwithhisfistclenchedbutwhenhe___shishandisopen.SurelyweoughttoholdfasttolifeforitiswondrousandfullofabeautythatbreaksthrougheveryporeofGodsownearth.Weknowthatthisissobutalltoooftenwerecognizethistruthonlyinourbackwardglan__whenwerememberwhatwasandthensuddenlyrealizethatitisnomore.Werememberabeautythatfadedalovethatwaned.Butwerememberwithfargreaterpainthatwedidnotseethatbeautywhenitfloweredthatwefailedtorespondwithlovewhenitwastendered.Are__ntexperien__re-taughtmethistruth.Iwashospitalizedfollowingasevereheartattackandhadbeeninintensivecareforseveraldays.Itwasnotapleasantpla__.OnemorningIhadtoh__esomeadditionaltests.Therequired__chineswerelocatedinabuildingattheoppositeendofthehospitalsoIhadtobewheeledacrossthecourtyardonagurney.Asweemergedfromourunitthesunlighthitme.Thatsalltherewastomyexperien__.Justthelightofthesun.Andyethowbeautifulitwas-howwarminghowsparklinghowbrilliant!Ilookedtoseewhetheranyoneelserelishedthesunsgoldenglowbuteveryonewashurryingtoandfromostwitheyesfixedontheground.ThenIrememberedhowoftenItoohadbeenindifferenttothegrandeurofeachdaytoopreoccupiedwithpettyandsometimesevenmeancon__rnstorespondfromthatexperien__isreallyascommonpla__aswastheexperien__itself:lifesgiftsareprecious-butwearetooheedlessofthem.Herethenisthefirstpoleoflifesparadoxicalde__ndsonus:Nevertoobusyforthewonderandtheaweoflife.Bereverentbeforeeachdawningday.Embra__eachhour.Seizeeachgoldenminute.Holdfasttolife...butnotsofastthatyoucannotletgo.Thisisthesecondsideoflifescointheoppositepoleofitsparadox:wemustac__ptourlossesandlearnhowtoletgo.Thisisnotaneasylessontolearnespeciallywhenweareyoungandthinkthattheworldisourstocom__ndthatwhateverwedesirewiththefullfor__ofourpassionatebeingcannaywillbeours.Butthenlifemovesalongtoconfrontuswithrealitiesandslowlybutsurelythistruthdawnsuponus.Ateverystageoflifewesustainlosses-andgrowinthepro__ss.Webeginourindependentlivesonlywhenweemergefromthewombandloseitsprotectiveshelter.Weenteraprogressionofschoolsthenwele__eourmothersandfathersandourchildhoodhomes.Weget__rriedandh__echildrenandthenh__etoletthemgo.Weconfrontthedeathofourparentsandourspouses.Wefa__thegradualornotsogradualwaningofourstrength.Andulti__telyastheparableoftheopenandclosedhandsuggestswemustconfronttheinevitabilityofourowndemiselosingourselvesasitwereallthatwewereordreamedtobe.ByJ.B.Priestleyparadox[5pArEdCks]:oneexhibitinginexplicableorcontradictoryaspects自相矛盾的话(人、物、事)enjoin[in5dVCin]:todirectorimposewithauthorityandemphasis嘱咐ordain[C:5dein]:toprearrangeunalterably;predestine注定relinquish[ri5liNkwiF]:to__aseholdingphysically;release放松,松开rabbi[5rAbaI]:(犹太人的尊称)先生,老师dawnupon:使明白parable[5pArEbl]:寓言,比喻demise[di5__iz]:死亡[译文]生活的妙诀在于懂得何时抓紧何时放松.因为人生就是一对矛盾它既令我们抓紧人生的多种赐予同时它又要我们到头来把这些赐予放弃.老一辈犹太学者是这样说的“一个人握紧拳头来到这个世界但他却是松开手掌离开这世界的”毫无疑问,我们应该牢牢抓住生命,因为它奇妙,它有一种在上帝创造的世界里无孔不入,无处不在的美我们大家都知道这一点可我们却常常是在回首往事想起它时,才能认识这一真理此时我们会突然发觉它已不复存在了我们能记起已经凋谢的美,已经消逝的爱可是,我们更痛苦的回忆是,我们没有在它鲜花怒放之际看见那个美,没有在别人以爱对我之时也以爱回报最近一次经历又使我领悟到这个真理一场剧烈的心脏病发作后,我被送进医院,接受几天的精心护理医院可不是一个令人愉快的地方一天上午,我得加做另外几项检查我要用的医疗器械__在医院另一端的大楼里所以我只有坐轮椅穿过院子才能达到那里当我们走出病房时,阳光正照在我身上就我实际的经历而言,当时也没有什么别的只不过就是这阳光而这时的阳光是多么美丽、多么温暖、多么耀眼、多么辉煌!我打算着别人是否也在欣赏着这太阳的金色光芒可是,人人都来去匆匆,大多数人的目光只盯在地上这时我想到自己的过去何尝不是往往对每天的壮观景象视而不见,一头埋在细小的,有时甚至是卑鄙、自私的事务中,而对日常的奇观麻木不仁呢?从这次经历所获得的顿悟确如经历本身一样的平凡生命的赐予是宝贵的,可惜我们对它们太掉以轻心了这就是人生向我们提出的矛盾要求的第一个方面不要因为太忙就忽视了生活中令人惊奇、令人敬畏的东西每天黎明开始就要恭谨从事抓紧每个小时,捉住宝贵的每一分钟紧紧抓住生活——可不要紧得使你不能松手这就使生活的另一面——矛盾的另一方我们必须接受损失,学会放松这并不是容易学到手的一课特别是当我们年轻时,认为世界是由我们掌握的、只要我们自己满腔热情,全力以赴地渴求不管什么东西就能够——不,一定会——得到,此时,这一课尤其难学但是,随着生活的继续前进,我们不断地面临各种现实,慢慢地担也是肯定地使我们明白了第二条真理在生活的每个阶段上,我们都要蒙受损失——但也是在这个过程中得到成长我们只有在脱离母胎、失去它的庇护时,才能开始__生活我们要进各级学校,继而告别父母,告别童年的家我们要结婚,继而送走子女我们要经受父母、配偶丧亡的痛苦我们要面临体力或快或慢的消退最终正如松手与握拳的比喻那样;我们自己也得走向不可抗拒的死亡,失去原有的自身,失去我们以往的或梦想过的一切TheLessonOfaTreeWalterWhit__n一棵树的启示Ishouldnottakeeitherthebiggestorthemostpicturesquetreetoillustrateit.Hereisoneofmyf__oritesnowbeforemeafineyellowpoplarquitestraightperhaps90feethighandfourthickatthebutt.Howstrongvitalenduring!howdumblyeloquent!Whatsuggestionsofimperturbabilityandbeingasagainstthehu__ntraitofmereseeming.Thenthequalitiesalmostemotionalpalpablyartisticheroicofatree;soinno__ntandharmlessyetsos__age.Itisyetsaysnothing.Howitrebukesbyitstoughandequableserenityallweathersthisgusty-temper’dlittlewhiffet__nthatrunsindoorsatamiteofrainorsnow.Scien__orratherhalf-wayscien__scoffsatreminis__n__ofdryadandha__dryadandoftreesspeaking.Butiftheydon’ttheydoaswellasmostspeakingwritingpoetrysermons—orrathertheydoagreatdealbetter.Ishouldsayindeedthatthoseoldreminis__n__sarequiteastrueasanyandprofounderthanmostreminis__n__sweget.“Cutthisout”asthequackmedicinerssayandkeepbyyou.Goandsitinagroveorwoodswithoneormoreofthosevoi__lesscompanionsandreadtheforegoingandthink.Onelessonfromaffiliatingatree—perhapsthegreatestmorallessonanyhowfromearthrocksani__lsisthatsamelessonofinherencyofwhatiswithouttheleastregardtowhatthelookeronthecriticsupposesorsaysorwhetherhelikesordislikes.Whatworse—whatmoregeneral__ladypervadeseachandallofusourliteratureeducationattitudetowardeachothereventowardourselvesthanamorbidtroubleaboutseemsandnotroubleatallorhardlyanyaboutthesaneslow-growingperennialrealpartsofcharacterbooksfriendship__rriage-hu__nity’sinvisiblefoundationsandhold-together.ByWalterWhit__nimperturbability[5impE:9tE:bE5biliti]:沉着冷静,泰然自若thehu__ntraitofmereseeming:人生的浮华表象gusty-temperdlittlewhiffed:无用小东西scoff[skCf]:tomockatortreatwithderision讽刺,嘲笑__lady[5__lEdi]:adiseaseadisorderoranailment疾病pervade[pE:5veid]:tobepresentthroughout;permeate充斥于,弥漫WalterWhit__n1819-1__2wasAmericanpoetb.WestHillsN.Y.Consideredby__nytobethegreatestofallAmericanpoetsWaltWhit__n__lebratedthe_______anddignityoftheindividualandsangthepraisesofdemocracyandthebrotherhoodof__n.HisLe__esofGrassunconventionalinbothcontentandtechniqueisprobablythemostinfluentialvolumeofpoemsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.瓦尔特·惠特曼__世纪美国最伟大的诗人之一他费时三十七年,历经九次改版,才成就《草叶集》这本不朽诗集他的写作风格清新质朴,其诗文不拘泥于格律,思想自由奔放,鼓舞人心,又能从变化无常的世事中,直指生命的真谛作品不但是美国文学的瑰宝,同時也受到全世界读者的喜爱TheAmericansBrabsord__ith美国人Americansareapeculiarpeople.Theyworklike__d,thengiveawaymuchofwhattheyearn.Theyplayuntiltheyareexhausted,andcallthisavacation.Theylovetothinkofthemselvesastough-mindedbusines__en,yettheyarepushoversforanyhardluckstory.Theyh__ethebiggestofnearlyeverythingincludinggover__ent,motorcarsanddebts,yettheyareafraidofbigness.Theyarealwaystryingtochipawayatbiggover__ent,bigbusiness,bigunions,biginfluen__.Theyliketothinkofthemselvesaslittlepeople,__eragemen,andtheywouldliketocuteverythingdowntotheirownsize.Yettheyboastoftheirtallbuildings,highmountains,longrivers,bigstates,thebestcountry,thebestworld,thebesthe__en.Theyalsoh__ethemosttrafficdeaths,themostwaste,themostracketeering.Whentheymeet,theyarealways____ingeachother,“takeiteasy,”thentheyrushofflikecrazyinoppositedirections.Theyplaygamesasiftheywerefightingawar,andfightwarsasifplayingagame.They__rrymore,gobrokemoreoftenand__kemoremoneythananyotherpeople.Theylovechildren,ani__ls,gadgets,mother,work,excitement,noise,nature,televisionshows,comedy,installmentbuying,fastmotion,spectatorsports,theunderdog,theflag,Christ__s,jazz,shapelywomenandmuscularmen,classicalrecordings,crowds,comics,cigarettes,warmhousesinwinterandcoolonesinsummer,thickbeefsteaks,coffee,i__cream,infor__ldress,plentyofrunningwater,do-it-yourself,andaworkingweektrimmedtofortyhoursorless.Theycrowdtheirhighwayswithcarswhilecomplainingaboutthetraffic,flocktomoviesandtelevisionwhilegrumblingaboutthequalityandthecommercials,gotochurchbutdon’tcaremuchforsermons,anddrinktoomuchinthehopeofrelaxing-onlytofindthemselvesstimulatedtoevenbiggerdreams.Thereis,ofcourse,notypicalAmerican.Butifyouaddedthemalltogetherandthendividedby226000000theywouldlooksomethinglikewhatthischapterhastriedtoportray.ByBradford__iththough-minded:铁石心肠pushovers[5pJFEJvEr]:容易为之打动的人,有恻隐心的人chipaway:削减,减少racketeering[9rAkI`tIErIN]:敲诈勒索布拉德福德.史密斯TheEnglishandtheAmericansEdwardT.Hall英国人和美国人美国人类学家EdwardT.Hall认定影响文化的主要因素有时间、空间和情境(指文化资源对情境依存的相关性,包括语言、宗教、__、历史、习俗、地域、价值观等子要素)让我们看看英国人和美国人会有怎样的文化差异ThecontrastingEnglishandAmericanpatternsh__esomere__rkableimplications,particularlyifweassumethat__n,likeotherani__ls,hasabuilt-inneedtoshuthimselfofffromothersfromtimetotime.AnEnglishstudentinoneofmyseminarstypifiedwhathappenswhenhiddenpatternsclash.HewasquiteobviouslyexperiencingstraininhisrelationshipswithAmericans.Nothingseemedtogorightanditwasquiteclearfromhisre__rksthatwedidnotknowhowtobeh__e.An____ysisofhiscomplaintsshowedthata__jorsour__ofirritationwasthatnoAmericanseemedtobeabletopickuptheesubtlecluesthatthereweretimeswhenbedidn’twanthisthoughtsintrudedon.Ashestatedit,“I’mwalkingaroundtheapartmentanditseemsthatwheneverIwanttobealonemyroom__testartstalkingtome.Prettysoonhe’sasking‘what’sthe__tter’andwantstoknowifI’mangry.BythenIamangryandsaysomething.”IttooksometimebutfinallywewereabletoidentifymostofthecontrastingfeaturesoftheAmericanandBritishproblemsthatwereinconflictinthiscase.WhentheAmericanwantstobealonehegoesintoaroomandshutsthedoor-hedependsonarchitecturalfeaturesforscreening.ForanAmericantorefusetotalktosomeoneelsepresentinthesameroom,togivethemthe“silenttreatment”istheulti__teformofrejectionandasuresignofgreatdispleasure.TheEnglish,ontheotherhand,lackingroomsoftheirownsin__childhood,neverdevelopedthepracti__ofusingspa__asarefugefromothers.Theyh__eineffectinternalizedasetofbarriers,whichtheyerectandwhichothersaresupposedtorecognize.Therefore,themoretheEnglish__nshutshimselfoffwhenheiswithanAmericanthemorelikelytheAmericanistobreakinassurehimselfthatalliswell.Tensionlastsuntilthetwogettoknoweachother.Theimportantpointisthatthespatialandarchitecturalneedsofeacharenotthesameatall.ByEdwardT.Hallpickupthesubtleclues:心领神会theulti__teformofrejection:最严厉的拒绝方式shutoff:分开,与人隔开spatial[5speiFEl]:空间的,占据空间的EdwardT.Hall1914-isananthropologist.Thefoundationforhislifelongresearchonculturalper__ptionsofspa__waslaidduringWorldWarIIwhenheservedintheU.S.ArmyinEuropeandthePhilippines.Hallismostassociatedwithproxemicsthestudyofthehu__nuseofspa__withinthecontextofculture.Hehaspublishednumerouspracticalandacademicbooksoncross-culturalcommunication.爱德华·T·霍尔美国作家兼人类学家一直都在研究人类对其周围空间的放应他在研究人类个人空间的时候,创造了一个所谓领域学的新名词用来定义这个理论霍尔__提出一般人常用的四种界限亲密距离(0-45cm,);私人距离(45-75cm);礼貌距离(120-210cm)和一般距离(360-750cm、或更远)WhyIWantaWifeJudySyfers____要妻子__属于人们称为妻子的那一类人,而且,还是一个母亲但是她___希望有个妻呢?Iwantawifewhowilltakecareofmyphysicalneeds.Iwantawifewhowillkeepmyhouseclean.Awifewhowillpickupaftermychildrenawifewhowillpickupafterme.Iwantawifewhowillkeepmyclothescleanironedmendedrepla__dwhenneedbeandwho willseetoitthatmypersonalthingsarekeptintheirproperpla__sothatIcanfindwhatIneedtheminuteIneedit.Iwantawifewhowillplanthemenusdothene__ssarygro__ryshoppingpreparethemealsservethempleasantlyandthendothecleaningupwhileIdomystudying.IwantawifewhowillcareformewhenIamsickandsympathizewithmypainandlossoftimefromschool.IwantawifetogoalongwhenourfamilytakesavacationsothatsomeonecancontinuecareformeandmychildrenwhenIneedarestandachangeofs__ne.Iwantawifewhowillnotbothermewithramblingcomplaintsaboutawifesduties.ButIwantawifewhowilllistentomewhenIfeeltheneedtoexplainaratherdifficultpointIh__ecomeacrossinmycourseofstu___s.AndIwantawifewhowilltypemypapersformewhenIh__ewrittenthem.Iwantawifewhowilltakecareofthedetailsofmysociallife.WhenmywifeandIareinvitedoutbymyfriendsIwantawifewhowilltakecareofthebabysittingarrangements.WhenImeetpeopleatschoolthatIlikeandwanttoentertainIwantawifewhowillh__ethehousecleanwillprepareaspecialmealserveittomeandmyfriendsandnotinterruptwhenItalkaboutthingsthatinterestmeandmyfriends.Iwantawifewhowillh__earrangedthatthechildrenarefedandreadyforbedbeforemyguestsarrivesothatthechildrendonotbotherus.Iwantawifewhotakescareoftheneedsofmyquestssothattheyfeelcomfortablewho__kessurethattheyh__eanashtraythattheyarepassedthehorsdoeuvresthattheyareofferedasecondhelpingofthefoodthattheirwineglassesarereplenishedwhenne__ssarythattheircoffeeisservedtothemastheylikeit.AndIwantawifewhoknowsthatsometimesIneedanightoutbymyself.WhenIamthroughwithschoolandh__eacquiredajobIwantmywifetoquitworkingandre__inathomesothatmywifecanmorefullyandcompletelytakecareofawifesduties.MyGodwhowouldntwantawifeByJudySyferspickup:收拾,整理ramble[5rAmbl]:tospeakorwriteatlengthandwith__nydigressions闲聊,漫谈monogamy[mC5nC^Emi]:thepracti__orconditionofbeing__rriedtoonlyonepersonatatime一夫一妻制JudySyfersisthewriterofthewonderful__gazinearticleWhyIWantaWifethathasbeenanthologizedoftenawickedlyhumorousintroductiontothe___rolesdefinedbyconventional__rriage.[译文]我想要一个妻子,她要会照料我的生活,把家里搞得既干净又整洁我想要一个妻子,她会把我的衣服洗干净,熨烫好,缝补好,该更新的时候会帮我以新替旧我想要一个妻子,她会把我私人用品放在合适的地方,保证我需要的时候随时就能找到我想要一个妻子,她要会烧菜做饭,而且还要是个不赖的厨师我想要一个妻子,她要会计划菜单,采购杂物,安排饮食,适时开饭,然后,我在书房里工作学习的时候,她要收拾干净我想要一个妻子,在我生病的时候,她会照料我,关心我的病痛,同情我掉了学校里的课我想要一个妻子,我们一家人出去度假的时候,她一路上继续不忘照顾我和孩子们,让我们休息好,玩得开心我想要一个妻子,她不会整天唠唠叨叨,拿那些乱七八糟的事来烦我但是,当我在工作或研究中遇到什么难题或不开心的时候,我想要一个妻子,她会耐心地听我解释,听我倾诉我想要一个妻子,我写出论文来的时候,她能替我打字我想要一个妻子,她会全面料理我的社交生活当我和妻子受朋友邀请外出的时候,我想要一个妻子来照顾孩子如果我在学校里碰到我喜欢的人,想跟他们快乐一番,我想要一个妻子,她会把家里打扫干净,烧出可口的饭菜招待我和我的朋友,而我和朋友快快乐乐聊着感兴趣的话题的时候,她又不会来打搅我们我想要一个妻子,她会在我的客人到来之前,安排孩子们吃饭,准备他们睡觉,以免孩子们打搅我们我想要一个妻子,她能细心招待我的客人,令他们感觉舒适,保证他们有烟灰缸用,饭前有开胃小食品,吃完了有第二份,酒杯空了,需要的话会及时再斟满,想要咖啡的人会有热咖啡喝我想要一个妻子,她能明白,有时候我需要一个晚上独自一个人外出等我上完学,有了工作,我想要一个妻子,她要辞掉工作,呆在家里,以便能够完全__地履行她做妻子的义务和职责我的天哪,谁不想要一个妻子?TheTragedyofOldAgeRobertN.Butler老年的悲剧WhatisitliketobeoldintheUnitedStatesWhatwillourownlivesbelikewhenweareoldAmericansfinditdifficulttothinkaboutoldageuntiltheyarepropelledintothemidstofitbytheirownagingandthatofrelativesandfriends.Agingistheneglectedstepchildofthehu__nlifecycle.Thoughweh__ebeguntoexaminethesociallytaboosu__ectsofdyinganddeathweh__eleapedoverthatlongperiodoftimepre__dingdeathknownasoldage.Intruthitiseasierto__nagetheproblemofdeaththantheproblemoflivingasanoldperson.Deathisadra__ticone-timecrisiswhileoldageisaday-by-dayandyear-by-yearconfrontationwithpowerfulexternalfor__sabittersweetcomingtotermswithone’sownpersonalityandone’slife.Oldageisneitherinherentlymiserablenorinherentlysublime-likeeverystageoflifeithasproblemjoysfearsandpotentials.Thepro__ssofagingandeventualdeathmustulti__telybeac__ptedasthenaturalprogressionofthelifecycletheoldcompletingtheirprescribedlifespansand__kingwayfortheyoung.Muchthatisuniqueinoldageinfactderivesfromtherealityofagingandtheimminen__ofdeath.Theoldmustclarifyandfinduseforwhattheyh__eattainedinalifetimeoflearningandadaptingtheymustconservestrengthandresour__swherene__ssaryandadjustcreativelytothosechangesandlossesthatoccuraspartoftheagingexperien__.Theelderlyh__ethepotentialforqualitiesofhu__nreflectionandobservationwhichcanonlycomefromh__inglivedanentirelifespan.Thereisalifetimeaccumulationofpersonalityandexperien__whichis__ailabletobeusedandenjoyed.Butwhatareanindividual’schan__sfora“good”oldageinAmericawithsatisfyingfinalyearsandadignifi__ddeathUnfortunatelynonetoogood.For__nyelderlyAmericansoldageisatragedyaperiodofquietdespairdeprivationdesolationandmutedrage.Thiscanbeaconsequen__ofthekindoflifeapersonhasledinyoungeryearsandtheproblemsinhisorherrelationshipswithothers.Therearealsoinevitablepersonalandphysicallossestobesustainedsomeofwhichcanbecomeoverwhelmingandunbearable.Allofthisistheindividualfactortheexistentialelement.Butoldageisfrequentlyatragedyevenwhentheearlyyearsh__ebeenfulfillingandpeopleseeminglyh__eeverythinggongforthem.HereinlieswhatIconsidertobethegenuinetragedyofoldageinAmerica-weh__eshapedasocietywhichisextremelyharshtoliveinwhenoneisold.Thetragedyofoldageisnotthefactthateachofusmustgrowoldand___butthatthepro__ssofdoingsohasbeen__deunne__ssarilyandattimesexcruciatinglypainfulhumiliatingdebilitatingandisolatingthroughinsensitivityignoran__andpoverty.Thepotentialsforsatisfactionsandeventriumphsinlatelifearerealandvastlyunderexplored.Forthemostparttheelderlystruggletoexistinaninhospitableworld.Ex__ptedfromWhySurviveGrowingOldinAmericaByRobertN.Butlersublime[sE5blaim]:characterizedbynobility;__jestic崇高的,卓越的mutedrage无言的愤怒excruciatingly[Ik5skru:FIeItIN]:难以忍受的,极度痛苦的debilitating:虚弱的,衰弱的inhospitable[in5hCspitEbl]:displayingnohospitality;unfriendly不友善的,不热轻的RobertN.ButlerM.D.isaPhysiciangerontologistpsychiatristpublicservantandPulitzer-Prizewinningauthor.HeisalsothePresidentand__OoftheInternationalLongevity__nter-USAILC-USAandProfessorofGeriatricsand_____DevelopmentattheBrookdaleDepartmentofGeriatricsand_____DevelopmentatMountSinaiMedical__nter.Dr.RobertN.Butlerhaslongbeeninvolvedinabroadarrayofsocialandhealthissues.Heisperhapsbestknownforhisadvocacyofthemedicalandsocialneedsandrightsoftheelderlyandhisresearchonhealthyagingandthedementias.__,Mt.SinaiSchoolofMedicine大学的老年人和__发展的教授,美国《___生存变老》一书的__ShakespeareSamuelJohnson莎士比亚Shakespeareisaboveallwritersatleastaboveallmodernwritersthepoetofnature;thepoetthatholdsuptohisreadersafaithfulmirrorof__nnersandoflife.Hischaractersarenotmodifiedbythecustomsofparticularpla__sunpractisedbytherestoftheworld;bythepeculiaritiesofstu___sorprofessionswhichcanoperatebutupon__allnumbers;orbytheaccidentsoftransientfashionsortemporaryopinions:theyarethegenuineprogenyofcommonhu__nitysuchastheworldwillalwayssupplyandobservationwillalwaysfind.Hispersonsactandspeakbytheinfluen__ofthosegeneralpassionsandprinciplesbywhichallmindsareagitatedandthewholesystemoflifeiscontinuedinmotion.Inthewritingsofotherpoetsacharacteristoooftenanindividual;inthoseofShakespeareitiscommonlyaspecies.Ex__ptedfromThePrefa__toShakespeareBySamuelJohnsontransient[5trAnziEnt]:passingwithtime;transitory短暂的,一时的progeny[5prCdVini]:子孙,后代agitate[5AdViteit]:tostiruppublicinterestinacause鼓动,使不安定SamuelJohnson1709-1784wasanEnglishpoetessayistcriticjournalistlexicographerandconversationalist.Hewasregardedasoneoftheoutstandingfiguresof18th-__nturylifeandletters.JohnsonsliteraryreputationispartdependentonJamesBoswells1740-1795biographyTheLifeofSamuelJohnsonLL.D.
1791.ThewriterFord__doxFordhasconsideredJohnsonthemosttragicfiguresofEnglishliteratureJohnsonbecameDoctorJohnsonwhenDublinUniversityg__ehimthehonorarydegreein
1765.___·约翰逊,伦敦18世纪大名鼎鼎的批评家、随笔作家、辞典编纂家、诗人和传记家《刺塞拉斯》、《诗人列传》和其他许多被人传颂的著作的__,编写巨著《英文字典》LettertoaYoungFriendFranklin给年轻朋友的___Mydearfriend: IknowofnoMedicinefittodiminishtheviolentnaturalinclinationyoumention;andifIdidIthinkIshouldnotcommunicateittoyou.__rriageistheproperRemedy.ItisthemostnaturalStateofManandthereforetheStateinwhichyouwillfindsolidHappiness.YourReasonagainstenteringintoitatpresentappearstobenotwellfounded.TheCircumstantialAdvantagesyouh__einViewbyPostponingitarenotonlyun__rtainbuttheyare__allincomparisonwiththeThingitselfthebeing__rriedandsettled.Itisthe__nandWo__nunitedthat__kesthecompletehu__nBeing.Separateshewantshisfor__ofBodyandStrengthofReason;heherSoftnessSensibilityandacuteDis__r__ent.Togethertheyaremostlikelytosuc__edintheWorld.Asingle__nhasnotnearlytheValuehewouldh__einthatStateofUnion.HeisanincompleteAni__l.HeresemblestheoddHalfofaPairofScissors. IfyougetaprudenthealthywifeyourIndustryinyourProfessionwithhergoodEconomywillbeaFortunesufficient.YourAffectionateFriendCircumstantialAdvantages:可能的利益heherSoftness:男人缺乏女人的温柔BenjaminFranklin1706-1790wasfamousforbeingascientisthttp://sln.fi.edu/franklin/scientst/scientst.htmlaninventorastate__anhttp://sln.fi.edu/franklin/stat__an/stat__an.htmlaprinterhttp://sln.fi.edu/franklin/printer/printer.htmlaphilosopherhttp://sln.fi.edu/franklin/philosop/philosop.htmlamusicianhttp://sln.fi.edu/franklin/musician/musician.htmlandaneconomisthttp://sln.fi.edu/franklin/economst/economst.html.themostfamousAmericaninhisday.TodayAmericanshonorBenFranklinasoneoftheFoundingFathersandasoneofAmericasgreatestcitizens.本杰明.富兰克林,资本主义精神最__的代表,十八世纪美国最伟大的科学家,著名的__家和文学家__战争爆发后,他参加了第二届大陆会议和《__宣言》的起草工作ATributeToTheDog(G.G.Vest)犬的礼赞 这是一篇奇文因为它是一篇法庭辩护词,__GeorgeGraham1830-1904是美国密苏里州的一个议员,是当时杰出的演讲家和辩论家本篇是他早年从事法律工作时在法庭上为一位因狗被杀而起诉的人做辩护词辩护时,Vest没有要求任何证词,只是凭借其辩论就赢得了官司他辩词的撼人之处在于拿出人类__的一面与狗人性的一面作对比,引起法官们对狗的感激和同情,以及对杀狗人的强烈憎恶这不仅仅是一篇辩护词,也是一篇优秀的讲演稿,更是对人性的呼唤…… Thebestfrienda__nhasintheworld__yturnagainsthimandbecomehisenemy.Hissonordaughterthathehasrearedwithlovingcare__yproveungrateful.Thosewhoarenearestanddearesttousthosewhomwetrustwithourhappinessandourgoodname__ybecometraitorstotheirfaith.Themoneythata__nhashe__ylose..Itfliesawayfromhimperhapswhenheneedsitmost.A__nsreputation__ybesacrifi__dinamomentofill-consideredaction.Thepeoplewhoarepronetofallontheirkneestodoushonorwhensuc__ssiswithus__ybethefirsttothrowthestoneof__li__whenfailuresettlesitsclouduponourheads.Theoneabsolutelyunselfishfriendthat__ncanh__einthisselfishworldtheonethatneverdesertshimtheonethatneverprovesungratefulortreacherousishisdog.A__nsdogstandsbyhiminprosperityandinpovertyinhealthandinsickness.Hewillsleeponthecoldgroundwherethewintrywindsblowandthesnowdrivesfier__lyifonlyhe__ybenearhis__stersside.Hewillkissthehandthathasnofoodtooffer;hewilllickthewoundsandsoresthatcomefromencounterwiththeroughnessoftheworld.Heguardsthesleepofhispauper__sterasifhewereaprin__.Whenallotherfriendsdeserthere__ins.Whenrichestakewingsandreputationfallstopie__sheisasconstantinhisloveasthesuninitsjourneysthroughthehe__ens.Iffortunedrivesthe__sterforthanoutcastintheworldfriendlessandhomelessthefaithfuldogasksnohigherprivilegethanthatofaccompanyinghimtoguardhimagainstdangertofightagainsthisenemies.Andwhenthelasts__neofallcomesanddeathtakesthe__sterinitsembra__andhisbodyislaidawayinthecoldgroundno__tterifallotherfriendspursuetheirwaytherebythegr__ewillthenobledogbefoundhisheadbetweenhispawshiseyessadbutopeninalertwatchfulnessfaithfulandtrueevenindeath.ByGeorgeGrahamVesttribute[5tri__u:t]:phrase赞颂turnagainst:appose;becomehostileto__;仇视rear:bringup教养;养育ungrateful[Qn5^reitful]:notthankfulforf__ors忘恩负义的goodname:highreputation好名声becometraitorstotheirfaith:betraytheirtrust背信ill-considered:unwise;notwellconsidered不智的;思虑不周的proneto:incliedto;aptto易于…..fallontheirknees:kneeldown跪下doushonor:treatuswithrespect尊敬我们throwthestoneof__li__:doharmtoapersonespeciallyinthedark投井下石;恶意中伤 whenfailuresettlesitscloudsuponourheads:whenweareinadversity当我们在患难时treacherous[5tretFErEs]:disloyal;traitorous不忠的;背叛的;阴险的;奸诈的standby:love;support爱戴;扶助prosperity[prCs5periti]:wealth富裕wintrywinds:coldwinds寒风lick:passthetongueover舔sore[sCs__]:painfulspot痛处encounter[in5kauntE]:combat;meeting抵挡;相遇roughness:rudenessofbeh__ior粗暴行为pauper__ster:poor__ster穷主人whenrichestakewings:whenrichesflyaway当财去时reputationfallstopie__s:reputationisruined名誉一败涂地outcast[5autkB:st]:onewhoiscastout;anexile被弃者;流浪者privilege[5privilidV]:specialrightenjoyedbyaperson特权GeorgeGrahamVest1830-1904servedintheUnitedStatesSenatefortwenty-fouryearsfrom1879to
1903.HiscareerwasdistinguishedbuthisreputationwithposteritywillrestlessonhisactionsasaSenatorthanonabriefargumenthewasinspiredto__keinacourtactionwhilestillayounglawyer.TheactforwhichheisbestrememberedisaspeechdeliveredinaninsignificantcourtcasewhilehewasstillalawyerinruralMissouri.乔治·格雷厄姆,美国密苏里州的一个议员,当时杰出的演讲家和辩论家《犬的礼赞》是他早年从事法律工作时在法庭上为一位因狗被杀而起诉的人做辩护词[译文]在这个世界上,一个人的好友可能与他做对变成敌人;他用慈爱培养起来的儿女可能变得不忠不孝;那些我们最感亲切和亲密的人,那些我们用全部幸福与名誉痴信的人,都可能会弃忠诚而成叛逆一个人所拥有的金钱可能会失去,在最需要它的时候却插翅飞走;一个人的声誉也许会断送在考虑欠妥的一瞬间;那些惯会在我们成功时来屈膝奉承的人,很可能就是当失败的阴云笼罩在我们头上时投掷第一块阴毒之石的人在这个自私的世界上,一个人唯一毫不自私的朋友、唯一不抛弃他的朋友、唯一不忘恩负义的朋友,就是他的狗不问主人是否贫穷或富贵、健康或病弱,狗都会守在主人的身旁;只要能靠近主人,即使地面冰冷坚硬、寒风凛冽、大雪纷飞,狗也会全然不顾地躺在主人身边;哪怕主人无食喂养,狗仍会__主人的手和主人手上因抵御这个冷酷的世界所受的创伤纵然主人是乞丐,狗也像守护王子一样地伴随他当他所有的朋友都掉头离去,狗却义无反顾当主人的财富消失,声誉扫地时,狗对主人的爱仍如天空运行不息的太阳一样,永恒不变假如因命运的捉弄,主人变成了一个无家可归的流浪者,这只忠诚的犬只求陪伴主人,有难同当,对抗敌人,此外毫无奢求当万物的结局来临,死神夺去了主人的生命、尸体埋葬在寒冷的地下时,即使所有的亲朋好友都已各奔前程,而这只高贵的犬却会独自守卫在墓旁,它仰首于两足之间,眼睛里虽然充满悲伤,却仍然机警地护卫着墓地,忠贞不渝,直到死亡......BuildMeaSon(Douglas__cArthur)塑造我儿BuildmeasonLordwhowillbestrongenoughtoknowwhenheisweakandbr__eenoughtoh__ehimselfwhenheisafraid Onewhowillbeproudandunbendinginhonestdefeatandhumbleandgentleinvictory.Buildmesonwhosewisheswillnottakethepla__ofdeeds:asonwhowillknowThee--andthattoknowhimselfisthefoundationstoneofknowledge.LeadhimIpraynotinthepathofeaseandcomfortbutunderthestressandspurofdifficultiesandchallenge.Herelethimlearntostandupinthestorm;herelethimlearncompassionforthosewhofail.Buildmeasonwhoseheartwillbeclearwhosegoalwillbehigh;asonwhowill__sterhimselfbeforeheseeksto__sterothermen;onewhowillreachintothefutureyetneverforgetthepast.AndafterallthesethingsarehisaddIprayenoughofasenseofhumorsothathe__yalwaysbeseriousyetnevertakehimselftooseriously.Givehimhumilitysothathe__yalwaysrememberthesimplicityoftruegreatnesstheopenmindoftruewisdomandthemeeknessoftruestrength.ThenIhisfatherwilldaretowhisperIh__enotliveinvain.General__cArthursPrayerforHisSonunbending[5Qn5bendiN]:notyielding;inflexible坚决的不屈的humble[5hQmbl]:showingdeferentialorsubmissiverespect卑下的微贱的谦逊的Thee:pron.古thou的宾格你foundation:基础根本compassion[kEm5pAFEn]:同情怜悯humility[hju:5militi]:thequalityorconditionofbeinghumble谦卑meekness:温顺柔和GeneralDouglas__cArthur1880-1964wasasonofCivilWarheroArthur__cArthurgraduatedfromWestPointin1903withsomeofthehighestgradeseverrecorded.__cArthurwasacom__nderoferraticcapabilitieswhenhewasgoodhewasbrilliantbuthewasoftencarelessandself-__nteredwhichledtoerrorsinplanning.Althoughgenerallyregardedasastaunchconservativehehadnopersonalpoliticalprinciplesmerelysayingwhatseemedtopleasewhomsoeverhewasspeakingwithamongotherthingsheendorsedsociali__andtheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion.Hehadnofriendsashehadnoequals.麦克阿瑟将军乃美国五星上将第二次世界大战期间任西南太平洋盟军总司令高职__投降后上任占领__的盟军最高司令官1945-
1951.此外他也在____时曾任“联合__”总司令[译文]主啊求你塑造我的__使他够坚强到认识自己的软弱够勇敢到能面对惧怕使他成为一个败不馁、胜不骄的人恳求雕塑我的__不致空有理想而缺乏行动引导他认识你同时又知道认识自己乃是真知识的基石我祈祷愿你引导他不求安逸舒适相反的经过压力、艰难和挑战学会在风暴中挺身站立学会怜恤那些在重压下失败的人求你塑造我的__心地清洁目标远大使他在指挥别人之前懂得先驾驭自己永不忘记过去的教训又能伸展入未来的理想当他拥有以上的一切我还要祷求赐他足够的幽默感使他能认真严肃却不致过分苛求自己恳求你赐他谦卑使他永远记牢真伟大中的平凡真智慧中的开朗真勇力中的温柔如此我这作父亲的才敢低声说:“___虚度此生”Advi__ToAYoung__n(RobertJonesBurdette)给一位青年的忠告罗伯特·伯德特的作品逻辑严密,层层推进,富有感染力 Remembermysonyouh__etowork.Whetheryouhandleapickorapenawheelbarroworasetofbooksdiggingditchesoreditingapaperringinganauctionbellorwritingfunnythingsyoumustwork.Ifyoulookaroundyouwillseethemenwhoarethemostabletolivetherestoftheirdayswithoutworkarethemenwhoworkthehardest.Dontbeafraidofkillingyourselfwithoverwork.Itisbeyondyourpowertodothatonthesunnysideofthirty.They___sometimesbutitisbecausetheyquitworkatsixintheeveninganddonotgohomeuntiltwointhemorning.It’stheintervalthatkillsmyson.Theworkgivesyouanappetiteforyourmeals;itlendssoliditytoyourslumbersitgivesyouaperfectandgratefulappreciationofaholiday.Thereareyoungmenwhodonotworkbuttheworldisnotproudofthem.Itdoesnotknowtheirnamesevenitsimplyspeaksofthemas“oldSo-and-So’sboy”.Nobodylikesthem;thegreatbusyworlddoesn’tknowthattheyarethere.Sofindoutwhatyouwanttobeanddoandtakeoffyourcoatand__keadustintheworld.Thebusieryouarethelessharmyouwillbeapttogetintothesweeterwillbeyoursleepthebrighterandhappieryourholidaysandthebettersatisfiedwilltheworldbewithyou.ByRobertJonesBurdettewheel-barrow:a__allvehiclewithonewheelandtwohandlesusedformoving__allloads.手推车ditch[ditF]:achanneldugintheground沟auction[5C:kFEn]:apublicsaleinwhichgoodsaresoldtothehighestbidder拍卖overwork:toomuchwork.工作过劳onthesunnysideofthirty:belowthirtyyearsofage三十岁以内So-and-So:a__rtainperson某人takeoffyourcoat:keepupyourspirits脱下你的外衣,意即提起你的精神__keadustintheworld:becomeprominentintheworld扬名于世the…the…:byhowmuch….bysomuch愈….愈….apttogetinto:liabletosuffer易于遭受RobertJonesBurdetteALS1844-1914wasauthoroffourvolumesofproseandtwoofpoetrywasbestknownforwritinghumoroussketchesoflifeintheMidwestthatwerepublishedinnewspapersinIllinoisandIowa.TheDrumsofthe47thaneloquentwrittenmemoirrecordstheCivilWarexperien__sofRobertJ.Burdetteprivateinthe47thIllinoisInfantryRegiment.罗伯特·伯德特,散文家、诗人作品逻辑严密,幽默机智CompanionshipofBooks(Samuel__iles)书为友书香轻拂沁心灵,诗行轻滑渗血液青春时所读之书,垂暮时依然会回想,仿佛就在身边发生书籍价廉物美,我们就在书香中呼吸A__n__yusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsaswellasbythecompanyhekeeps;forthereisacompanionshipofbooksaswellasofmen;andoneshouldalwaysliveinthebestcompanywhetheritbeofbooksorofmen.Agoodbook__ybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswasanditwillneverchange.Itisthemostpatientandcheerfulofcompanions.Itdoesnotturnitsbackuponusintimesofadversityordistress.Italwaysre__ivesuswiththesamekindness;amusingandinstructingusinyouthandcomfortingandconsolingusinage.Menoftendiscovertheiraffinitytoeachotherbythemutuallovetheyh__eforabook--justastwopersonssometimesdiscoverafriendbytheadmirationwhichbothentertainforathird.ThereisanoldproverbLovemelovemydog.Butthereismorewisdominthis:Lovemelovemybook.Thebookisatruerandhigherbondofunion.Mencanthinkfeelandsympathisewitheachotherthroughtheirf__ouriteauthor.Theyliveinhimtogetherandheinthem.BookssaidHazlittwindintotheheart;thepoetsverseslidesinthecurrentofourblood.Wereadthemwhenyoungwerememberthemwhenold.Wefeelthatithashappenedtoourselves.Theyaretobehadverycheapandgood.Webreathebuttheairofbooks.Agoodbookisoftenthebesturnofalifeenshriningthebestthoughtsofwhichthatlifewascapable;fortheworldofa__nslifeisforthemostpartbuttheworldofhisthoughts.Thusthebestbooksaretreasuriesofgoodwordsandgoldenthoughtswhichrememberedandcherishedbecomeourabidingcompanionsandcomforters.TheyareneveralonesaidSirPhilipSidneythatareaccompaniedbynoblethoughts.Thegoodandtruethought__yintimeoftemptationbeasanangelofmercypurifyingandguardingthesoul.Italsoenshrinesthegermsofactionforgoodwordsalmostinvariablyinspiretogoodworks.BySamuel__ilescompany[5kQmpEni]:toaccompanyorassociatewith陪伴adversity[Ed5vE:siti]:astateofhardshiporaffliction;misfortune不幸逆境distress[dis5tres]:anxietyormentalsuffering悲痛穷困console[kEn5sEul]:安慰affinity[E5finiti]:anaturalattractionorfeelingofkinship吸引力亲合力bond:结合粘结sympathise[`sImpEWaIz]:同情共鸣同感urn[E:n]:壶这一句的意思是好书常如最精美的宝器,珍藏着人的一生思想的精华enshrine[in5Frain]:铭记abiding[E5baidiN]:lastingforalongtime;enduring持久的SirPhilipSidney:菲利普·悉尼爵士1554-1___英国作家mercy[5mE:si]:compassionatetreatment;clemency仁慈宽恕purify[5pjuErifai]:toridofimpurities;cleanse净化inspire[in5spaiE]:tostimulatetoaction;motivate鼓舞感动激发Samuel__iles1812-1904wasthepoliticalreformerandmoralist.__ilestookhismedicaldegreeattheUniversityofEdinburgh.Hepracti__dinHaddingtonbutlatermovedtoLeedsEnglandtobecomeanadministratorfortheexpandingrailwaynetwork.HeisbestknownforhisbookSelfHelp1859theessentialschoolprizeofVictoriantimeswhichenthusedthepopulouswithquotationssuchasHe__enhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.___·斯迈尔斯,英国__世纪伟大的道德学家和作家他写过许多脍炙人口的人生随笔作品,如《自己拯救自己》、《品格的力量》、《人生的职责》、《金钱与人生》等等,在全球畅销一百多年而不衰,改变了亿万人民的命运,他被誉为“西方的成功学之父”、“卡耐基的精神导师”[译文]观其友而知其人,同样,察一个人读些什么书就可知他的为人,只因书与人一样,也能做人之友无论是书还是人,我们都应该择其最佳者为友一本好书可以成为人的挚友,古往今来,恒久不变所有朋友中,书本最为耐心而又令人愉悦我们身处逆境灰心沮丧时,书本并不背弃我们它对我们始终如一,友爱接纳我们年轻时,书本给我们以欢娱和陶冶;我们老迈时,又予我们以慰藉和鼓励 人们常常因同爱一本书而精神共鸣正如两个人有时因共同仰慕另外一人而彼此成为朋友古谚云“爱屋及乌”,而“爱其人,也爱其珍爱之书”这句话里却含有更多的哲理书是更忠诚更高尚的情感纽带人们可以通过共同喜爱的__而相知相契,息息相通他们的思想与__的思想水__融,密不可分 黑兹利特曾说“书香轻拂沁心灵,诗行轻滑渗血液青春时所读之书,垂暮时依然会回想,仿佛就在身边发生书籍价廉物美,我们就在书香中呼吸” 一本好书往往就是__的人生结晶,里面蕴藏着他穷其一生的求索成果因为人一生的世界大多就是其思想的世界,故而最优秀的书籍也就是至理名言和辉煌思想的宝藏这些思想若能铭记在心,就成为我们永久的朋友和永恒的慰藉菲利普·悉尼爵士说得好“与高尚思想为伴的人永不寂寞”在我们受诱惑时,美好纯真的思想如同仁慈的天使,净化卫护着我们的灵魂,并蕴含着我们行动的萌芽,因为金玉良言总能激励我们美好的行为TheUseofHistory(A.L.Rowse)___用处《___用处》TheUseofHistory1946一书,倾注了罗劳斯的多年教学心得所Therearetwowaysofthinkingofhistory.ThereisfirsthistoryregardedasawayoflookingatotherthingsreallythetemporalaspectofanythingfromtheuniversetothisnibwithIamwriting.Everythinghasitshistory.Thereisthehistoryoftheuniverseifonlyweknewit—andweknowsomethingofitifwedonotknowmuch.Noristhecontrastsogreatwhenyoucometothinkofitbetweentheuniverseandthispen-nib.Amerepen-nibhasquiteaconsiderablehistory.Thereistobeginwithwhathasbeenwrittenwithitandthatmightbesomethingquiteimportant.Afterallitwasprobablyonlyonequill-penoracouplethatwroteHamlet.Whateverhasbeenwrittenwiththepen-nibispartofitsHistory.Inadditiontothatthereisthehistoryofits__nufacture:thisparticularnibisa‘Relief’nibNo._____debyR.EsterbrookandCo.inEnglandwhosupplytheMidlandBankwithpen-nibsfromwhomIgotit---agiftI__ysay.Butbehindthisnibthereisthewholepro__ssof__nufacture....Infactapennibimpliesofuniverseandthehistoryofitimpliesitshistory.We__yregardthiswayoflookingatit--historyasthetime-aspectofallthings:apen-nibtheuniversethefiddledbeforemeasIwriteasarelativecon__ptionofhistory.Thereissecondlywhatwe__tcallasubstantivecon__ptionofhistorywhatweusuallymeanbyithistoryproperasasu__ectofstudyinitself.Ex__ptfromTheUseofHistorybyA.L.Rowsetemporal[5tempErEl]:当时的暂时的现世的nib[nib]:鹅管笔的尖端钢笔尖considerable[kEn5sidErEbl]:worthyofconsideration;significant重要的值得考虑的;有重大意义的MidlandBank:米特兰银行thefiddled不重要的事substantive[5sQbstEntiv]:oforrelatingtotheessen__orsubstan__;essential实质的,实在的A.L.Rowse(1903-1997)wasafellowofAllSoulsCollegeUniversityofOxford.ThegeneraleditoroftheOxfordShakespeareheachievedworldwidefamewhenheclaimedtheelusiveDarkLadyofthesonnetswasEmiliaLanier.Hepublishedmorethanninetybooksofhistorypoemsbiographyandcritici__includingTheExpansionofElizabethanEngland.罗劳斯,是当代英国首屈一指的文史学者,著作丰硕,纵横文学与史学两大领域其史学作品有文学旨趣,而其文学著作又有史家见识,尤其擅长用传记来构筑断代史,为著名之伊利莎白王朝学者,他的英国伊利莎白社会历史三部曲(1950-1971)著作更是有口皆碑,但他也写了好几部丘吉尔家族传,所以他的史学情怀可说贯通今古[译文]___思考方式有两种其一,历史作为审视其它事物是一种,其实仅为所有事物暂时的面貌,从整个宇宙到有正在书写的笔端每一样事物都有它的历史宇宙也有它的历史,要是我们知道的话——虽然我们所知有限,总算知道一些;仔细想一下,宇宙和这笔端,其间的差异也不是那么大但即使仅是这笔端也有一段历史首先,透过它便有写出来的东西,而这些可能相当重要毕竟莎剧(哈姆莱特)也只靠一支鹅毛笔或二支便完成了通过笔端所写出来的变成了它自身的历史此外,还有制造过程的历史我这支笔尖其实是英国艾斯塔布禒克(Esterbrook)厂牌314号凸版型产品,专门供应米特兰银行用品,我是从那儿取得的——或许应该说是银行的赠品在这笔尖的北后有一连串的制造过程……故此,这笔尖蕴含了一个宇宙,而它的历史也蕴含了它自身的历史我们可以把这种审视的方式看作——历史就是所有事务的时间之面貌一支笔尖、宇宙、眼前我写作的领域……作为___相对观念其二,则为我们称作实质观念的历史,就是我们通常所说的,历史本身作为一个研究的科目AModestProposalJonathanSwift一个温和的建议文中反语的巧妙精炼地运用把爱尔兰的婴儿当作一种美食提供给英国统治阶级,以此解决爱尔兰当时的贫穷与饥荒问题锋芒直指爱尔兰农民悲惨的境地与英国统治阶级令人发指的__,让读者产生强烈的共鸣FORPREVENTINGTHECHILDRENOFPOORPEOPLEINIRELANDFROMBEINGABURDENTOTHEIRPARENTSORCOUNTRYANDFOR__KINGTHEMBENEFICIALTOTHEPUBLIC Itisamelancholyo__ecttothosewhowalkthroughthisgreattownortr__elinthecountrywhentheyseethestreetstheroadsandcabindoorscrowdedwithbeggarsofthefe__le___followedbythreefourorsixchildrenallinragsandimportuningeverypassengerforanalms.Thesemothersinsteadofbeingabletoworkfortheirhonestlivelihoodarefor__dtoemployalltheirtimeinstrollingtobegsustenan__fortheirhelplessinfants:whoastheygrowupeitherturnthievesforwantofworkorle__etheirdearnativecountrytofightforthePretenderinSpainorsellthemselvestotheBarbadoes.Ithinkitisagreedbyallpartiesthatthisprodigiousnumberofchildreninthearmsoronthebacksorattheheelsoftheirmothersandfrequentlyoftheirfathersisinthepresentdeplorablestateofthekingdomaverygreatadditionalgrievan__;andthereforewhoevercouldfindoutafaircheapandeasymethodof__kingthesechildrensoundusefulmembersofthecommonwealthwoulddeservesowellofthepublicastoh__ehisstatuesetupforapreserverofthenation.Butmyintentionisveryfarfrombeingconfinedtoprovideonlyforthechildrenofprofessedbeggars;itisofamuchgreaterextentandshalltakeinthewholenumberofinfantsata__rtainagewhoarebornofparentsineffectaslittleabletosupportthemasthosewhode__ndourcharityinthestreets.Astomyownparth__ingturnedmythoughtsfor__nyyearsuponthisimportantsu__ectand__turelyweighedtheseveralschemesofotherprojectorsIh__ealwaysfoundthemgrosslymistakeninthecomputation.Itistrueachildjustdroppedfromitsdam__ybesupportedbyhermilkforasolaryearwithlittleothernourishment;atmostnotabovethevalueof2s.whichthemother__y__rtainlygetorthevalueinscrapsbyherlawfuloccupationofbegging;anditisexactlyatoneyearoldthatIproposetoprovidefortheminsucha__nnerasinsteadofbeingachargeupontheirparentsortheparishorwantingfoodandraimentfortherestoftheirlivestheyshallonthecontrarycontributetothefeedingandpartlytotheclothingof__nythousands.Thereislikewiseanothergreatadvantageinmyschemethatitwillpreventthosevoluntaryabortionsandthathorridpracti__ofwomenmurderingtheirbastardchildrenalas!toofrequentamongus!sacrificingthepoorinno__ntbabesIdoubtmoreto__oidtheexpensethantheshamewhichwouldmovetearsandpityinthemosts__ageandinhu__nbreast.ThenumberofsoulsinthiskingdombeingusuallyreckonedonemillionandahalfoftheseIcalculatethere__ybeabouttwohundredthousandcouplewhosewivesarebreeders;fromwhichnumberIsubtractthirtythousandcoupleswhoareableto__intaintheirownchildrenalthoughIapprehendtherecannotbeso__nyunderthepresentdistressesofthekingdom;butthisbeinggrantedtherewillre__inanhundredandseventythousandbreeders.Iagainsubtractfiftythousandforthosewomenwhomiscarryorwhosechildren___byaccidentordiseasewithintheyear.Thereonlyre__insonehundredandtwentythousandchildrenofpoorparentsannuallyborn.ThequestionthereforeishowthisnumbershallberearedandprovidedforwhichasIh__ealreadysaidunderthepresentsituationofaffairsisutterlyimpossiblebyallthemethodshithertoproposed.Forwecanneitheremploytheminhandicraftoragriculture;weneitherbuildhousesImeaninthecountrynorcultivateland:theycanveryseldompickupalivelihoodbystealingtilltheyarriveatsixyearsoldex__ptwheretheyareoftowardlypartsalthoughIconfesstheylearntherudimentsmuchearlierduringwhichtimetheycanhoweverbeproperlylookedupononlyasprobationersasIh__ebeeninformedbyaprincipalgentle__ninthecountyofC__anwhoprotestedtomethatheneverknewaboveoneortwoinstan__sundertheageofsixeveninapartofthekingdomsorenownedforthequickestproficiencyinthatart.Iamassuredbyourmerchantsthataboyoragirlbeforetwelveyearsoldisnosalablecommodity;andevenwhentheycometothisagetheywillnotyieldabovethreepoundsorthreepoundsandhalf-a-crownatmostontheexchange;whichcannotturntoaccounteithertotheparentsorkingdomthechargeofnutrimentandragsh__ingbeenatleastfourtimesthatvalue.IshallnowthereforehumblyproposemyownthoughtswhichIhopewillnotbeliabletotheleasto__ection.Ih__ebeenassuredbyaveryknowingAmericanofmyacquaintan__inLondonthatayounghealthychildwellnursedisatayearoldamostdeliciousnourishingandwholesomefoodwhetherstewedroastedbakedorboiled;andI__kenodoubtthatitwillequallyserveinafricasseeoraragout.Idothereforehumblyofferittopublicconsiderationthatofthehundredandtwentythousandchildrenalreadycomputedtwentythousand__ybereservedforbreedwhereofonlyone-fourthparttobe__les;whichismorethanweallowtosheepblackcattleorswine;andmyreasonisthatthesechildrenareseldomthefruitsof__rriageacircumstan__notmuchregardedbyours__agesthereforeone__lewillbesufficienttoservefourfe__les.Thatthere__ininghundredthousand__yatayearoldbeofferedinthesaletothepersonsofqualityandfortunethroughthekingdom;alwaysadvisingthemothertoletthemsuckplentifullyinthelastmonthsoastorenderthemplumpandfatforagoodtable.Achildwill__ketwodishesatanentertai__entforfriends;andwhenthefamilydinesalonetheforeorhindquarterwill__keareasonabledishandseasonedwithalittlepepperorsaltwillbeverygoodboiledonthefourthdayespeciallyinwinter.Ih__ereckoneduponamediumthatachildjustbornwillweigh12poundsandinasolaryeariftolerablynursedincreasethto28pounds.Igrantthisfoodwillbesomewhatdearandthereforeveryproperforlandlordswhoastheyh__ealreadydevouredmostoftheparentsseemtoh__ethebesttitletothechildren.Infantsfleshwillbeinseasonthroughouttheyearbutmoreplentifulin__rchandalittlebeforeandafter;forwearetoldbyagr__eauthoraneminentFrenchphysicianthatfishbeingaprolific___ttherearemorechildrenborninRo__nCatholiccountriesaboutninemonthsafterLentthanatanyotherseason;thereforereckoningayearafterLentthe__rketswillbemoregluttedthanusualbecausethenumberofpopishinfantsisatleastthreetooneinthiskingdom:andthereforeitwillh__eoneothercollateraladvantagebylesseningthenumberofpapistsamongus.Ih__ealreadycomputedthechargeofnursingabeggarschildinwhichlistIreckonallcottagerslaborersandfour-fifthsofthefarmerstobeabouttwoshillingsperannumragsincluded;andIbelievenogentle__nwouldrepinetogivetenshillingsforthecarcassofagoodfatchildwhichasIh__esaidwill__kefourdishesofex__llentnutritivemeatwhenhehathonlysomeparticularfriendorhisownfamilytodinewithhim.Thusthesquirewilllearntobeagoodlandlordandgrowpopularamonghistenants;themotherwillh__eeightshillingsnetprofitandbefitforworktillsheprodu__sanotherchild.ThosewhoaremorethriftyasImustconfessthetimesrequire__yflaythecarcass;theskinofwhichartificiallydressedwill__keadmirableglovesforla___sandsummerbootsforfinegentlemen.AstoourcityofDublinshambles__ybeappointedforthispurposeinthemostconvenientpartsofitandbutcherswe__ybeassuredwillnotbewanting;althoughIratherrecommendbuyingthechildrenaliveanddressingthemhotfromtheknifeaswedoroastingpigs.AveryworthypersonatrueloverofhiscountryandwhosevirtuesIhighlyesteemwaslatelypleasedindiscoursingonthis__ttertoofferarefinementuponmyscheme.Hesaidthat__nygentlemenofthiskingdomh__ingoflatedestroyedtheirdeerhecon__ivedthatthewantofvenisonmightbewellsuppliedbythebo___sofyoungladsand__idensnotex__edingfourteenyearsofagenorundertwelve;sogreatanumberofboth___esineverycountrybeingnowreadytostarveforwantofworkandservi__;andthesetobedisposedofbytheirparentsifaliveorotherwisebytheirnearestrelations.Butwithduedeferen__tosoex__llentafriendandsodeservingapatriotIcannotbealtogetherinhissentiments;forastothe__lesmyAmericanacquaintan__assuredmefromfrequentexperien__thattheirfleshwasgenerallytoughandleanlikethatofourschoolboysbycontinualexerciseandtheirtastedisagreeable;andtofattenthemwouldnotanswerthecharge.Thenastothefe__lesitwouldIthinkwithhumblesubmissionbealosstothepublicbecausetheysoonwouldbecomebreedersthemselves;andbesidesitisnotimprobablethatsomescrupulouspeoplemightbeaptto__nsuresuchapracti__althoughindeedveryunjustlyasalittleborderinguponcruelty;whichIconfesshathalwaysbeenwithmethestrongesto__ectionagainstanyprojecthoweversowellintended.Butinordertojustifymyfriendheconfessedthatthisexpe___ntwasputintohisheadbythefamousPsal__nazaranativeoftheislandFormosawhocamefromthen__toLondonabovetwentyyearsagoandinconversationtoldmyfriendthatinhiscountrywhenanyyoungpersonhappenedtobeputtodeaththeexecutionersoldthecarcasstopersonsofqualityasaprimedainty;andthatinhistimethebodyofaplumpgirloffifteenwhowascrucifiedforanattempttopoisontheemperorwassoldtohisimperial__jestysprimeministerofstateandothergreat__ndarinsofthecourtinjointsfromthegibbetatfourhundredcrowns.NeitherindeedcanIdenythatifthesameusewere__deofseveralplumpyounggirlsinthistownwhowithoutonesinglegroattotheirfortunescannotstirabroadwithoutachairandappearatplayhouseandassembliesinforeignfinerieswhichtheyneverwillpayforthekingdomwouldnotbetheworse.Somepersonsofadespondingspiritareingreatcon__rnaboutthatvastnumberofpoorpeoplewhoareageddiseasedor__imedandIh__ebeendesiredtoemploymythoughtswhatcourse__ybetakentoeasethenationofsogrievousanencumbran__.ButIamnotintheleastpainuponthat__tterbecauseitisverywellknownthattheyareeverydaydyingandrottingbycoldandfamineandfilthandverminasfastascanbereasonablyexpected.Andastotheyounglaborerstheyarenowinashopefulacondition;theycannotgetworkandconsequentlypineawayforwantofnourishmenttoadegreethatifatanytimetheyareaccidentallyhiredtocommonlabortheyh__enotstrengthtoperformit;andthusthecountryandthemselvesarehappilydeliveredfromtheevilstocome.Ih__etoolongdigressedandthereforeshallreturntomysu__ect.IthinktheadvantagesbytheproposalwhichIh__e__deareobviousand__nyaswellasofthehighestimportan__.ForfirstasIh__ealreadyobserveditwouldgreatlylessenthenumberofpapistswithwhomweareyearlyoverrunbeingtheprincipalbreedersofthenationaswellasourmostdangerousenemies;andwhostayathomeonpurposewithadesigntodeliverthekingdomtothePretenderhopingtotaketheiradvantagebytheabsen__ofso__nygoodprotestantswhoh__echosenrathertole__etheircountrythanstayathomeandpaytithesagainsttheirconscien__toanEpiscopalcurate.SecondlyThepoorertenantswillh__esomethingvaluableoftheirownwhichbylaw__ybe__deliabletodistressandhelptopaytheirlandlordsrenttheircornandcattlebeingalreadyseizedandmoneyathingunknown.ThirdlyWhereasthe__intenan__ofanhundredthousandchildrenfromtwoyearsoldandupwardcannotbecomputedatlessthantenshillingsa-pie__perannumthenationsstockwillbetherebyincreasedfiftythousandpoundsperannumbesidetheprofitofanewdishintrodu__dtothetablesofallgentlemenoffortuneinthekingdomwhoh__eanyrefinementintaste.Andthemoneywillcirculateamongourselvesthegoodsbeingentirelyofourowngrowthand__nufacture.FourthlyTheconstantbreedersbesidethegainofeightshillingssterlingperannumbythesaleoftheirchildrenwillberidofthechargeof__intainingthemafterthefirstyear.FifthlyThisfoodwouldlikewisebringgreatcustomtot__erns;wherethevintnerswill__rtainlybesoprudentastoprocurethebestre__iptsfordressingittoperfectionandconsequentlyh__etheirhousesfrequentedbyallthefinegentlemenwhojustlyvaluethemselvesupontheirknowledgeingoodeating:andaskilfulcookwhounderstandshowtoobligehisguestswillcontriveto__keitasexpensiveastheyplease.SixthlyThiswouldbeagreatindu__mentto__rriagewhichallwisenationsh__eeitherencouragedbyrewardsorenfor__dbylawsandpenalties.Itwouldincreasethecareandtendernessofmotherstowardtheirchildrenwhentheyweresureofasettlementforlifetothepoorbabesprovidedinsomesortbythepublictotheirannualprofitinsteadofexpense.Weshouldseeanhonestemulationamongthe__rriedwomenwhichofthemcouldbringthefattestchildtothe__rket.Menwouldbecomeasfondoftheirwivesduringthetimeoftheirpregnancyastheyarenowoftheir__resinfoaltheircowsincalftheirsowswhentheyarereadytofarrow;noroffertobeatorkickthemasistoofrequentapracti__forfearofamiscarriage.__nyotheradvantagesmightbeenumerated.Forinstan__theadditionofsomethousandcarcassesinourexportationofbarreledbeefthepropagationofswinesfleshandimprovementintheartof__kinggoodbaconsomuchwantedamongusbythegreatdestructionofpigstoofrequentatourtables;whicharenowaycomparableintasteor__gnifi__n__toawell-grownfatyearlingchildwhichroastedwholewill__keaconsiderablefigureatalord__yorsfeastoranyotherpublicentertai__ent.Butthisand__nyothersIomitbeingstudiousofbrevity. *****AfterallIamnotsoviolentlybentuponmyownopinionastorejectanyofferproposedbywisemenwhichshallbefoundequallyinno__ntcheapeasyandeffectual.Butbeforesomethingofthatkindshallbeadvan__dincontradictiontomyschemeandofferingabetterIdesiretheauthororauthorswillbepleased__turelytoconsidertwopoints.Firstasthingsnowstandhowtheywillbeabletofindfoodandraimentforanhundredthousanduselessmouthsandbacks.Andsecondlytherebeingaroundmillionofcreaturesinhu__nfigurethroughoutthiskingdomwhosewholesubsisten__putintoacommonstockwouldle__ethemindebttwomillionsofpoundssterlingaddingthosewhoarebeggarsbyprofessiontothebulkoffarmerscottagersandlaborerswiththeirwivesandchildrenwhoarebeggarsineffect:Idesirethosepoliticianswhodislikemyovertureand__yperhapsbesoboldastoattemptananswerthattheywillfirstasktheparentsofthesemortalswhethertheywouldnotatthisdaythinkitagreathappinesstoh__ebeensoldforfoodatayearoldinthe__nnerIprescribeandtherebyh__e__oidedsuchaperpetuals__neofmisfortunesastheyh__esin__gonethroughbytheoppressionoflandlordstheimpossibilityofpayingrentwithoutmoneyortradethewantofcommonsustenan__withneitherhousenorclothestocoverthemfromtheinclemenciesoftheweatherandthemostinevitableprospectofentailingthelikeorgreatermiseriesupontheirbreedforever.Iprofessinthesin__rityofmyheartthatIh__enottheleastpersonalinterestinende__oringtopromotethisne__ssaryworkh__ingnoothermotivethanthepublicgoodofmycountrybyadvancingourtradeprovidingforinfantsrelievingthepoorandgivingsomepleasuretotherich.Ih__enochildrenbywhichIcanproposetogetasinglepenny;theyoungestbeingnineyearsoldandmywifepastchild-bearing.ByJonathanSwiftJonathanSwift1667-1745authorandsatiristfamousforGulliversTr__els1726andAModestProposal
1729.ThisproposalwherehesuggeststhattheIrisheattheirownchildrenisoneofhismostdrasticpie__s.HedevotedmuchofhiswritingtothestruggleforIrelandagainsttheEnglishhegemony.乔纳森·斯威夫特是18世纪英国杰出的讽刺__,他的文风纯朴平易而有力斯威夫特的杰作《格列佛游记》在欧洲文学史上有着特殊的意义他是近代欧洲长篇小说的奠基人之一HeartofaStranger(__rgaretLauren__)陌生者之心每位作家在滚滚红尘中,大概都渴望有一个宁静恬适的地方,在那里不但可以思考写作,也可以让疲惫的心灵,有时候能够停泊在避风的港口虽然有些作家相信“大隐隐于市”,因此并不刻意想在大自然中寻觅隐居之所,然而自然总是具有某种不可抗拒的魔力,当自然喃喃细语,含情轻诉之时,恐怕没有哪个作家,可以对它野性多情的呼唤充耳不闻Themostlovedpla__formeinthiscountryhasinfactbeen__nypla__s.IthaschangedthroughouttheyearsasIandmycircumstan__sh__echanged.Ih__en’treallylostanyofthebestpla__sfromthepastthough.I__ynolongerinhabitthembuttheyinhabitmeportionsofmemorypresen__sinthemind………mybestpla__atthemomentisverydifferentalthoughIguessithassomeoftheattributesofthatlong-agopla__.Itisa__all__darcabinontheOtonabeeriverinsouthernOntario.I’velivedthreesummerstherewritingbirdwatchingriverwatching.Isometimesfeelsorryforthepeopleinspeedboatswhospendtheirweekendszingingupanddowntheriverataboutamillionmilesanhour.Forallthey’reabletoseetheriverbanksmightjustaswellbegreenconcreteandtheriveritselfflowingwithmoltenplastic.By__rgaretLauren__circumstan__[5sE:kEmstEns]环境inhabit[in5hAbit]toliveorresidein居住于栖息attribute[E5tri__u:t]品质特征__dar[5si:dE]雪松cabin[5kAbin]小屋船舱Otonabeeriver奥托拿比河Ontario[]安大略湖[北美洲中东部]美国和___共有的湖birdwatching赏鸟riverwatching观河speedboat高速游艇zinging[俚][拟声语]尖啸声;风嗖嗖声concrete[5kCnkri:t]混凝土molten[5mEultEn]熔铸的__rgaretLauren__1926-1987amuch-lovedCanadianauthorwasoneofthegreatnovelistsofthetwentieth__ntury.Herstoriesfeaturestrongwomenandtheirstrugglesforself-understandingandac__ptan__.Shewasknownforheroutspokensupportofpea__womensrightsandotherprogressivecauses.玛格丽特‧劳伦斯1926-1987出生在___中部的曼尼托巴省尼帕瓦镇,她的故乡后来成为她小说系列中虚构的马那瓦卡镇劳伦斯自幼就开始写作《石头天使》
1964、《上帝的嘲弄》
(1966)、《受尽煎熬的人》
(1969)、《笼中之鸟》
(1970),以及一个儿童读物连续篇《杰逊的追求》
(1970)《先明者》1974,《上帝的嘲弄》和《先明者》使她两度获得___荣誉最高的总督奖,1971年被授予___名人榜.[译文]在____里我最喜欢的地方其实一直有许多;这些年来,由于我们自己和情况的变迁,我最爱地方也随着改变虽然如此,过去我喜爱过的任何一个地方我并没真正的失去它们我或许不再居住在那儿,但它们却存在于我的心里;它们在我的记忆之中残留,也在我的心灵之中出现……此刻我最喜爱的地方相当不同,虽然我猜想它仍具有某些特质和老早的那个地方(即明湖,Clear Lake)一样这个地方是安大略省南方奥托拿比河边的一间杉木小屋我在那儿居住了三个夏天写作、赏鸟、观河有时候我为那些来此地度周末,却驾着快艇以差不多百万英里的时速在河上往来呼啸的人感到难过,因为这些人看见的河岸只不遛是绿色的混凝士岸,而河流本身也彷佛只是条闪亮的流动塑料TheRewardsofLivingaSolitaryLife(__ySarton)Theotherdayanacquaintan__ofmineagregariousandcharming__ntoldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsinsolitarybliss.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallinginlovetodiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeopleforwithothersevenwithaloversometimeswesufferfromourdifferen__softastetemperamentmood.Hu__nintercourseoftende__ndsthatwesoftentheedgeofper__ptionorwithdrawattheveryinstantofpersonaltruthforfearofhurtingorofbeinginappropriatelypresentwhichistosaynakedinasocialsituation.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweareandtofeelwhateverwefeelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylifeandminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyearsisthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheo__anasIdomostdaysandknowthatIh__eanentiredayaheaduninterruptedinwhichtowriteafewpagestakeawalkwithmydogliedownintheafternoonforalongthinkwhydoesonethinkbetterinahorizontalpositionreadandlistentomusicIamfloodedwithhappiness.IamlonelyonlywhenIamovertiredwhenIh__eworkedtoolongwithoutabreakwhenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetripwhenIh__eseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalotandamfulltothebrimwithexperien__thatneedstobesortedout.ThenforalittlewhilethehousefeelshugeandemptyandIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsperhapsandlookingagainateachoneasthoughitwereapersonbyfeedingthetwocatsbycookingameal.IttakesawhileasIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountainsattheendofthefieldbutthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsawayandtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconsciousbringingbackallIh__ere__ntlyexperien__dtobeexploredandslowlyunderstoodwhenIcanconverseagainwithmyhiddenpowersandsogrowandsoberenewedtilldeathdouspart.By__ySartonacquaintan__[E5kweintEns]:相识熟人gregarious[^re5^ZEriEs]:seekingandenjoyingthecompanyofothers;sociable社交的群居的temperament[5tempErEmEnt]:气质性情易激动急躁__ySarton1912–1995Americanpoetnovelistandessayistwroteinherlifetimeaboutlovemind-bodyconflictcreativityle__iani__andthetrialsofageandillness.Sartonbegantowritefull-timeafter
1945.Herwritingoftenearnedgreateracclaimfromthepublicthanfromcritics.Hernovelsincreasinglyreflectedthecon__rnsofherownlife.Butshepreferredthewritingofpoetrytoprose.梅·萨藤,生于比利时的沃德尔哥摩1916年梅·萨藤一家__美国1929年梅·萨藤毕业于剑桥中学和拉丁学校,同时开始写诗17岁时她的系列十四行诗发表在著名的《诗刊》上尽管梅·萨滕写诗创作小说,但最受美国读者欢迎的是她细腻抒情、描写自己生活的日记作品其中《独居日记》经久不衰,一直是她最畅销的书之一,为此她在美国享有著名日记体作家的美誉ArtandLifeJeanetteWinterson艺术与生命身为人,本就有诸多烦恼和限制,这或许就是温特森所谓“地心引力的诸般问题”而唯有想象力,可以让我们不受地心引力的牵制,进入无限Myparentsownedsixbooksbetweenthem.TwoofthosewereBiblesandthethirdwasaconcordan__totheOldandNewTestaments.ThefourthwasTheHouseAtPoohCorner.Thefifth,TheChatterboxAnnual1923andthesixth__lory’sMorted’Artliur.Ifounditne__ssaryto__ugglebooksinandofthehouseandIcannotclaimtoomuchfortheprovisionofanoutsidetoiletwhenthereisnoroomofone’sown.ItwasonthetoiletthatIfirstreadFreudandD.H.Lawren__andperhapsthatwasthebestpla__afterall.WekeptarubbertorchhungonthecisternandIhadtodividemymoneyfromaSaturdayjobbetweenbuyingbooksandbuyingbatteries.MymotherknewexactlyhowlongherEverReadyswouldlastifusedonlytoilluminatethehapthatseparatedthetoiletpaperfromitsfunction.On__IhadtuckedthebookbackdownmyknickerstogetitindoorsagainIfindsomewheretohideitandanyonewithasinglebedstandardsizeandpaperbacksstandardsizewilldiscoverthatseventysevencanbeaccommodatedperlayerunderthe__ttress.ButasmycollectiongrewIbegantoworrythatmymothermightnoti__thatherdaughter’sbedwasrisingvisibly.Onedayshedid.Sheburnedeverything.IhadbeenbroughtuptomemorizeverylongBiblepassagesandwhenIlefthomeandwassupportingmyselfsothatIcouldcontinuemyeducationIfoughtofflonelinessandfearbyreciting.InthefuneralparlorIwhisperedDonnetotheembalmingfluidsand__rvelltothecorpses.LaterIfoundthatTennyson’s‘LadyofShalott’hadasoothingbecauserhythmiceffectonthementallydisturbed.AmongthedisturbedInumberedmyselfatthattime.Thehealingpowerofartisnotarhetoricalfantasy.Fightingtokeeplanguagelanguagebecamemysanityandmystrength.ItstillisandIknowofnopainthatartcannotassuage.Forsomemusicforsomepicturesformepri__rilypoetrywhetherfoundinpoemsorinprosecutsthroughnoiseandhurtopensthewoundtocleanitandthengraduallyteachesittohealitself.Woundsneedtobetaughttohealthemselves.Thepsycheandthespiritdonotsharetheinstinctofda__gedbody.Healingisauto__ticallytriggerednorisdangerusually__oided.Sin__weputourselvesinthewayofhurtitseemslogicaltoputourselvesinthewayofhealing.Arthasmoreworktodothaneverbeforebutitcandothatwork.Inaself-destructivesocietylikeourownitisunsurprisingthatartasahealingfor__isdespised.FormyselfwhenIreturnedtomytomyborrowedroomnightafternightandthereweremybooksIfeltreliefandexuberan__nothardshipandexhaustion.Iintendedto__oidthefateofJudetheObscurealthoughareadingofthatbookwasausefulwarning.WhatIwanteddidnotbelongtomebyrightandwhilstitcouldnotberefusedtomeinquitesamewaywestillh__esubtlepunishmentsforanyonewhoinsistsonwhattheyareandwhattheywant.Walledinsidethelittlespa____rkedoutforbyfamilyandclassitwasthelimitlessworldofi__ginationthatitpossibleformetoscalethesheerfa__ofotherpeople’sassumptions.Insidebooksthereisperfectspa__anditisthatspa__whichallowsthereadertoescapefromtheproblemsofgr__ity.ByJeanetteWinterson__uggle[5__Q^l]:tobringinortakeoutillicitlyorbystealth偷带torch[tC:tF]:手电筒cistern[5sistEn]:蓄水池tuck[tQk]:塞使隐藏knickers[5nikEz]:短裤灯笼裤accommodate[E5kCmEdeit]:toholdcomfortablywithoutcrowding容纳__ttress[5__tris]:床垫broughtup:教育培养funeralparlor:殡仪馆embalm[im5bB:m]:涂香油于尸体施以防腐剂rhythmic[5riTmik]:节奏的healing:有治疗功用的rhetoricalfantasy:夸大其词的幻想psyche[5psaiki:]:thespiritorsoul心智灵魂心灵trigger[5tri^E]:tosetoff;initiate引发引起触发exuberan__[i^5zju:bErEns]:丰富健康exhaustion[I^5zC:stFEn]:thestateofbeingexhausted;extremefatigue疲惫筋疲力尽whilst[waIlst]:时时同时subtle[5sQtl]:敏感的微妙的精细的JeanetteWintersonistheauthorofOrangesAreNottheOnlyFruitThePassion___ingtheCherryWrittenontheBodyArtandLiesGutSymmetriesTheWorldandOtherPla__sandacollectionofessaysArtO__ects.Shewasbornin__nchesterEnglandin
1959.简纳特·温特森是当代英国小说家,作品包括《橘子不是唯一的水果》、《__》和《区分樱桃的性别》以上三本书皆曾获奖《艺术物体》是温特森的第一本散文集,收录十篇散文,《艺术与生命》乃其中一篇温特森把爱,随机性,选择,命运等写的非常透彻,文字非常优美[译文]我父母两人共有六本书其中两本是圣经、第三本是新旧约用语索引、第四本是《噗噗熊街角的屋子》(TheHouseatPoohCorner)、第五本是《1923年话匣子年鉴》(TheChatterbox1923Annual),而第六本是马洛礼(__lory)的《阿瑟王之死》(Mortd’Arthur)我发现有必要把书偷运进出家里,而且没有属于自己的__时,对于于屋外厕所的供应品,我不能要求太多我第一次读到弗洛依德和D.H.劳伦斯,是坐在马桶上的,而或许,那终究是最佳之处我们在马桶水箱上悬吊了一个橡胶手电筒,而我必须将周六那份工作赚来的钱,平分花在买书和买电池上面我母亲清楚知道,她那些永备牌电池,如果光是用来照明区分卫生纸和其功能的空隙,可以维持多久有一回我又把书塞在__里,好带进屋里我必须找个地方把书藏起来,而任何人,若拥有一张单人床,标准尺寸的,以及平装书籍,标准尺寸的,就会发现,床垫底下每一层可容纳七十七本可是当我的收集品增加时,便开始担心母亲会注意到,用眼睛就看得出__的床正逐渐升高有一天她真的发现了她全给烧了………我成长过程中,必须背下很长的圣经段落到我离开家庭,自己赚钱以便继续求学时,便靠背诵来抵挡寂寞和恐惧在殡仪馆里,我稍稍对着防腐香料液念约翰·多恩(Donne)、对着尸体念安德鲁·马维尔(__rvel)后来,我发现丁尼生(Tennyson)的〈夏洛特〉(“LadyofShalott”),因为有节焰感,对于心智失衡者具有一种安抚作用在那个时候我把自己也算在失衡者之列艺术的疗愈力量并非夸大其词的幻想我奋力留住语言,语言因而让我心智正常,具有力量到现在仍是如此,而且我所知道的痛苦,无一不透过艺术而得到舒缓对某此人来说,是音乐,另一些人,是绘画,对我来说,是主要的是,不论出现在诗歌或散文中,诗能够切穿嘈杂和伤痛,将伤口打开以清理之,然后逐渐教导它自我疗愈心灵和精神不像受损了的身体具有一种本能疗愈不会自动给引发,而危险也通常无以避免既然我们会让自己受伤,那么让自己得到疗愈也是合乎逻辑的比起以往任何时候,艺术要做更多的工作,但是这份工作它是做得来的像我们这样一个自我毁灭的社会里,艺术之为一种疗愈的力量,会受到鄙视,并不令人感到讶异对我自己而言,夜复一夜回到借来的房里时,我感到放心且满溢,而非困苦和疲惫,我意图避免《无名裘德》(JudetheObscure)的命运,虽然阅读那本书是很有用的警告我所想要的,并不理当属于我,而虽然它也不能以完全同样的方式拒我于外,但是任何人若坚持要做某种人或是想要某些东西,我们仍然会给他很微妙的惩罚当我被关在家庭和阶级为我所划定的小小空间里,是想象力那片无限的天地,让我得以刮除他人那些假设的表层书中自有__的空间,就是这个空间,让读者能够逃避地心引力的诸般问题WhatIsImmortalWilliamHazlitt论青年的不朽Toseethegoldensunandtheazureskytheoutstretchedo__antowalkuponthegreenearthandtobelordofathousandcreaturestolookdowngiddyprecipi__soroverdistantfloweryvalestoseetheworldspreadoutunderonesfingerina__ptobringthestarsneartoviewthe__allestinsectsinamicroscopetoreadhistoryandwitnesstherevolutionsofempiresandthesuc__ssionofgenerationstohearofthegloryofSimonandTireofBabylonandSusanasofafadedpageantandtosayallthesewereandarenownothingtothinkthatweexistinsuchapointoftimeandinsuchacornerofspa__tobeaton__spectatorsandapartofthemovings__netowatchthereturnoftheseasonsofspringandautumntohear---ThestockdoveplainamidtheforestdeepThatdrowsyrustlestothesighinggale.---totr__ersedesertwildernesstolistentothedungeonsgloomorsitincrowdedtheatresandseelifeitselfmockedtofeelheatandcoldpleasureandpainrightandwrongtruthandfalsehoodtostudytheworksofartandrefinethesenseofbeautytoagonytoworshipfameandtodreamofimmortalitytoh__ereadShakespeareandBeloittothesamespeciesasSirIsaacNewton;tobeandtodoallthisandtheninamomenttobenothingtoh__eitallsnatchedfromonelikeajugglersballoraphanta__agoria……ByWilliamHazlittazure[5__E]:蔚蓝的outstretched[5autstretFt]:广阔的lord[lC:d]:aking王giddy[5^idi]:头晕的precipi__[5presipis]:悬崖tobringthestarsnear:指使用望远镜观测星辰fadedpageant:往昔的盛会spectator[spek5teitE;5spekteitE]:观众ThestockdoveplainamidtheforestdeepThatdrowsyrustlestothesighinggale.引自十八世纪英国诗人汤姆逊的诗《懒散的__》TheCastleofindolen__dungeon[5dQndVEn]:地牢seelifeitselfmocked:mock一词兼有“模仿”和“嘲笑”二意这句话可比较中文里的谚语,“戏台小天地,天地大戏台”agony[5A^Eni]:thesufferingofintensephysicalormentalpain苦恼极大的痛苦SirIsaacNewton1642-1727,英国大科学家__如此说,是因为在十八世纪牛顿由于并非显贵出身而曾受到贵族人士轻视juggler[5dVQ^lE]:onethatusestricksde__ptionorfraud变戏法者行骗者phanta__agoria[9fAntAzmE`^CrIE-`^R:-]:幻影,千变万化的风景WilliamHazlitt1778-1830wasoneofthegreat__stersofEnglishprosestyle.Hewasa__jorliterarycriticandradicalpolemicistwhosein____ectwasboth____yticalandsensuouslyparticular.Hisownprosecommunicatedthedeepjoyofthecriticalactasaformofinspiredcreativity.Hehatedmonarchydespisedaristocracyand__dehisprosesingoflibertybuthewasnevernarrowlypartisan.Hisproserangwithcourageousexpressionsofprincipleandglistenswithbrilliantpassagesofcriticalcommentaryand____ysis.威廉·赫兹里特,__世纪初英国浪漫主义散文家、评论家,著有《莎剧人物》、《英国戏剧概观》等[译文]我们看到金色的太阳,蔚蓝的天空,广阔的海洋;我们漫步在绿油油的大地之上,做万物的主人;我们俯视令人目炫心悸的悬崖峭壁,远眺鲜花盛开的山谷;我们把地图摊开,任意指点全球;我们把星辰移到眼前观看,还在显微镜下观察极其微小的生物;我们学历史,亲自目睹帝国的兴亡、时代的交替;我们听人谈论西顿、推罗、巴比伦和苏撒的勋业,如同听一番往昔的盛会,听了以后,我们说这些事确实发生过,但现在却是过眼云烟了;我们思考着自己生活的时代、生活的地区;我们在人生的活动舞台上既当观众、又当演员;我们观察四季更迭、春秋代序;我们听见了野鸽在浓密的树林中哀诉,树林随微风的叹息而低语;我们横绝大漠;我们倾听子夜的歌声;我们光顾灯火辉煌的厅堂,走下阴森森的地牢,或者坐在万头攒动的剧院里观看生活本身受到的摹拟;我们亲身__炎热和寒冷,快乐和痛苦,正义和邪恶,真理和谬误;我们钻研艺术作品,把自己的美感提高到极其敏锐的程度;我们崇拜荣誉,梦想不朽;我们阅读莎士比亚,或者把自己和牛顿爵士视为同一族类;正当我们面临这一切、从事这一切的时候,自己却在一刹那之间化为虚无,眼前的一切,象是魔术师手中的圆球,象是一场幻影,一下子全都消失得无影无踪.....AWetSundayinaCountryInnWashingtonIrving乡村客栈的一个阴雨星期天欧文的文笔以优雅自然,清新细致著称本文就是他对一个乡村客栈的雨天的细致的描写A wet Sunday in a country inn whoever has had the luck to experien__ one can alone judge of my situation. The rain pattered against the casements; the bells tolled for the church with a melancholy sound. I went to the windows in quest of something to amuse the eye;butitseemedasifIhadbeenpla__dcompletelyoutofreachofallamusement.The windows of my bed-room looked out among tiled roofs and stacks of chimneys while those of my sitting-room com__nded a full view of a stable yard. I know of nothing more calculated to __ke a __n sick of the world than a stable yard on a rainy day. The pla__ was littered with wet straw that had been kicked about by tr__elers and stable boys. In one corner was a stagnant pool of water surrounding an island of muck;therewereseveralhalf-drownedfowlscrowedtogetherunderacartamongwhichwasamiserablecreast-fallencockdrenchedoutofalllifeandspirit;hisdroopingtail__ttedasitwereintoasinglefeatheralongwhichthewatertickledfromhisback;nearthecartwasa halfdozing cow chewing her cud and standing patiently to be rained on with wreaths of vapor rising from her reeking hide; a wall-eyed horse tired of the loneliness of the stable was poking his spectral head out of a window with the rain dripping on it from the e__es; an unhappy cur chained to a dog-house hard by uttered every now and then between a bark and a yelp. A drab of wench tramped backwards and forwards through the yard in pattens looking as sulky as the weather itself; everything in short was comfortless and forlorn ex__pt a crew of hardened ducks assembled like boon companions round a puddle and __king riotous noise over their liquor. ByWashingtonIrvingjudgeof:对......作出评价lookedout:__等面朝com__ndedafullviewof:俯瞰......的全景;居高临下,可以全部看见...wreath[ri:W]:是烟、云作螺旋状的涡圈,drab[drAb]:不整洁,肮脏WashingtonIrving1783-1859wasanauthorandwriterbothintheOldWorldandtheNewWorld.HeisconsideredtobethefirstinAmericanliteraturehumorandcomicpublishedauthorbestknownfortheshortstoriesTheLegendofSleepyHollowandRipVanWinkle.华盛顿·欧文,美国文学史上最早的著名作家,是美国文学的奠基人之一,有”美国文学之父”之称他的散文和故事以亲切的幽默感和优美的文笔著称[译文]乡村客栈一个阴雨的星期天!凡有幸度过这样一天的人,都能体会我现在的感觉雨点噼噼啪啪地打在窗子上;教堂里传来沉重的钟声,召唤人们去做礼拜我走到窗前,想找一些赏心悦目的东西;但看来我已完全被置于一切欢乐之外从卧室的窗口望出去,是一片砖瓦的屋顶和林立的烟囱;而从起居室的窗口往下看,则能望见整个马厩院子我觉得再也没有比雨天的马厩院子更令人厌烦的了遍地是淋湿了的稻草,被旅客和小马倌们弄得凌乱不堪在院子的一角,一潭污水围着孤岛似的粪堆;几只几乎被雨水淋透的鸡簇拥在一辆马车底下,其中一只可怜的公鸡,倒垂着鸡冠,被淋得没精打彩,毫无生气;它那聋拉着的尾巴粘在一起,仿佛像一根羽毛,雨水顺着它从背脊往下直淌;离马车不远处,有一头睡眼惺松的奶牛,嘴里喂着反刍的食物,默默地站在那里,任凭雨水打在身上,湿淋淋的背上冒出缭绕的水气;一匹眼珠小而眼白特大的马厌倦了马厩里的寂寞,把它那幽灵似的脑袋从窗口探了出来,屋檐上的雨水滴沥滴沥地落在它头上;一只不幸的__狗被链条拴在近旁的狗窝里,时时发出似吠似嚎的声音;一个邋遢厨娘拖着木屐,迈着沉重的步于在院子里进进出出,她那郁郁不乐的神色,就像阴沉的天气一样;总之,除了一群饱经风雨的鸭子,像饮酒作乐的朋友那样聚集在污水潭的四周呷呷嬉水而外,这儿的一切都令人感到凄凉和沮丧AttheEdgeoftheSeaRachelLouiseCarson在海边这是一篇游记体散文,体现了艺术和博学相得益彰,表达了__对大自然的深情和稍纵即逝的自然美的叹息,使读者深深得到语言艺术意味隽永的享受Theshoreisanancientworldforaslongastherehasbeenanearthandseatherehasbeenthispla__ofthemeetingoflandandwater.Yetitisaworldthatkeepsalivethesenseofcontinuingcreationandoftherelentlessdriveoflife.EachtimethatIenteritIgainsomenewawarenessofitsbeautyanditsdeepermeaningssensingthatintricatefabricoflifebywhichonecreatureislinkedwithanotherandeachwithitssurroundings.Inmythoughtsoftheshoreonepla__standsapartforitsrevelationofexquisitebeauty.Itisapoolhiddenwithinac__ethatonecanvisitonlyrarelyandbrieflywhenthelowestoftheyear’slowtidesfallbellowitandperhapsfrothatveryfactitacquiressomeofitsspecialbeauty.ChoosingsuchatideIhopedforaglimpseofthepool.Theebbwastofallearlyinthemorning.Iknewthatifthewindheldfromthenorthwestandnointerferingswellraninfromadistantstormtheleveloftheseashoulddropbelowtheentran__tothepool.Therehadbeensuddenominousshowersinthenightwithrainlikehandfulsofgr__elflungontheroof.WhenIlookedoutintotheearlymorningtheskywasfullofagraydawnlightbutthesunhadnotyetrisen.Waterandairwerepallid.Acrossthebaythemoonwasaluminousdiscinthewesternskysuspendedabovethedimlineofdistantshore-thefullAugustmoondrawingthetidetothelowlowlevelsofthethresholdofthealienseaworld.AsIwatchedagullflewbyabovethespru__s.Itsbreastwasrosywiththelightoftheunrisensun.Thedaywasafteralltobefair.LaterasIstoodabovethetideneartheentran__tothepoolthepromiseofthatrosylightwassustained.FromthebaseofthesteepwallofrockonwhichIstoodamoss-coveredledgejuttedseawardintodeepwater.Inthesurgeattherimoftheledgethedarkfrondsofoarweedsswayed__oothandgleamingasleather.Theprojectingledgewasthepathtothe__allhiddenc__eanditspool.Occasionallyaswellstrongerthantherestrolled__oothlyoverthesuchswellswerelongenoughtoadmitmetotheledgeandlongenoughforaglimpseofthatfairypoolsoseldomandsobrieflyexposed.AndsoIkneltonthewetcarpetofseamossandlookedbackintothedarkc__ernthatheldthepoolinashallowbasin.Thefloorofthec__ewasonlyafewinchesbelowtheroofandamirrorhadbeencreatedinwhichallthatgrewonthe__ilingwasreflectedinthestillwaterbelow.Underwaterthatwasclearasglassthepoolwascarpetedwithgreensponge.Graypatchesofseasquirtsglistenedonthe__ilingandcoloniesofsoftcoralwereapaleapricotcolor.InthemomentwhenIlookedintothec__ealittleelfinstarfishhungdownsuspendedbythemerestthreadperhapsbyonlyasingletubefoot.Itreacheddowntotouchitsownreflectionsoperfectlydelineatedthattheremighth__ebeennotonestarfishbuttwo.Thebeautyofthereflectedi__gesandofthelimpidpoolitselfwasthepoignantbeautyofthingsthatareephemeralexistingonlyuntiltheseashouldreturntofillthelittlec__e.ByRachelLouiseCarsonkeepsalivethesenseof使人一直有……的感觉hiddenwithinac__e过去分词短语作定语,修饰apoolebb[eb]:同ebbtide落潮,退潮pallid[5pAlid]:h__inganabnor__llypaleorwancomplexion苍白的无血色的spru__s:云杉,云杉属植物seasquirts:海蛸,一种海生软体小动物starfish[5stB:fiF]:海星poignant[5pCinEnt]:profoundlymoving;touching深深打动的,强烈的ephemeral[i5femErEl]:Lastingfora__rkedlybrieftime短暂的、短命的RachelLouiseCarson1907-1964biographyofpioneerenviro__entalistandauthorofwidelyreadbooksonecologicalthemes.HerbooksontheseaUndertheSeaWind1941TheSeaAroundUs1951forwhichshewasawardedthe1952NationalBookAwardinnonfictionandTheEdgeoftheSea1955arepraisedforbeautyoflanguageaswellasscientificaccuracy.ButherbookSilentSpring1962inwhichshequestionedtheuseofchemicalpesticidesspawnedtheworldwideenviro__entmovementearningherapla__onourlistofthemostinfluentialwomenofthemillennium.蕾切尔·路易斯·卡逊,美国生物学评论家、科学__撰稿人她在出版了几部有关海洋生物的作品之后,出于对农药“公害”的关心,在大量文献的基础上,于1962年发表了著述《寂静的春天》,以美丽的语言生动地描写了使用有机氯化合物杀虫剂在环境中残留及其对生命威胁的实况从而就工业有害物质给自然界和人类生命带来危机,向全世界发出了警告这部当时风行的畅销书成为了以美国为首的各国农药使用规定的开端唤起了人们对工业有毒物质危害性的重视另外也成为了__公害运动的理论支柱[译文]海岸是一个年代久远的世界自从有地球和大海以来,就有这个水陆相接的地方但它却是一个使人感到总在不断创造、生命力顽强而又充沛的世界每当我步入这个世界,感觉到生物彼此之间以及每个生物与其周围环境之间,通过错综复杂的生命结构彼此__起来的时候,我对它的美,对它的深层意蕴,都得到某种新的认识每当我想起海岸,有一个地方因为它显示出特别的美妙而占有突出的地位那就是隐匿于一个洞中的水潭这个洞平日为海水所淹没,一年当中只有海潮降落到最低以至低于水潭时,才难得在这段时间内被人看见也许正是由于这个缘故,它获得了某种特殊的美我选好这样一个低潮的时机,希望能对水潭看上一眼按推算,潮水将在清晨退下去我知道,如果不刮西北风,远处的风暴不再掀起干扰的巨涛,海平面就会落得比水潭的入口还低夜里突如其来几次不详的阵雨,雨点就像一把把碎石被抛到屋顶上一般清晨我向外眺望,但见天空布满灰朦朦的曙光,只是太阳还没有升起水和空气一片暗淡海湾对面的西天挂着一轮明月,月下沉沉一线是远方的海岸──八月的望月把海潮吸得很低很低,直到那与人世隔离的海的世界的门槛我在观望的时候,一只海鸥在云杉丛上飞掠而过它的腹部被那喷薄欲出的太阳映成粉红色天到底是要晴了后来,当我站在高于海潮的水潭入口处附近时,已是红光满目从我立脚的峭岩底部,一块覆满青苔的礁石伸向大海直到海水深处礁石周围,海水拍击,水藻上下左右地飘动,像皮面一样光滑闪亮突出礁石是通往隐藏的小洞和洞中水潭的路径间或一阵强于一阵的波涛悠悠然漫过礁石的边缘并在岩壁上摔成水沫这种波涛间歇的时间足以让我踏上礁石,足以让我探视那仙境般的水潭,那寻常不露面、露面也只是一瞬间的水潭我就跪在那海苔藓构成的湿漉漉的地毯上,向那把水潭抱揽在浅盆里黑黢黢的洞内窥视,但见洞的底部和顶部相距仅仅几英寸真是一面天造的明镜洞顶上的一切生物都倒映在底下纹丝不动的水中在清明如镜的水下,潭底铺着一层碧绿的海绵洞顶上一片片灰色的海蛸熠熠闪光,一堆堆软珊瑚披着淡淡的杏黄色衣裳就在我朝洞里探望时,一只小海星从洞顶挂了下来,仅仅悬在一条线上,或许就在它的一只管足上它向下接触到自己的倒影多么__的画面!仿佛不是一只海星,而是一对海星水中倒影的美,清澈的水潭本身的美,这都是些生命短促的事物所体现的强烈而令人心碎的美──海水一旦瞒过小洞,这种美便不复存在了SummerAli__Meynell夏四季更迭,自然之美女诗人梅内尔__却独爱夏季,她对夏的文字可谓别具诗韵,而其中对人生从__绚烂转至平淡宁静、回归本色的体味,更让人回味悠长OnehastheleisureofJulyforper__ivingallthedifferen__softhegreenofle__es.Itisnolongeradifferen__indegreesof__turityforallthetreesh__edarkenedtotheirfinaltoneandstandintheirdifferen__sofcharacterandnotofmeredate.Almostallthegreenisgr__enotsadandnotdull.Ithasadarkenedandadailycolourin__jesticbutnotobviousharmonywithdarkgreyskiesandmightlooktoinconstanteyesasprosaicafterspringaselevenoclocklooksafterthedawn.Gr__ityistheword—notsolemnityastowardseveningnormena__asatnight.ThedaylighttreesofJulyaresignsofcommonbeautycommonfreshnessandamysteryfamiliarandabidingasnightandday.Inchildhoodweallh__eamoreexaltedsenseofdawnandsummersunrisethanweeverfullyretainorquiterecover;andalsoafarhighersensibilityforAprilandAprilevenings—aheartacheforthemwhichinriperyearsisgraduallyandirretrievablyconsoled.Butontheotherhandchildhoodhassoquicklylearnedtofinddailythingstediousandfamiliarthingsimportunatethatithasnogreatdelightinthemeremiddleofthedayandfeelswearinessofthesummerthathas__asedtochangevisibly.Thepoetryofmeredayandoflatesummerbecomesper__ptibleto__tureeyesthath__elong__asedtobesatedh__etakenle__eofwearinessandcannotnowfindanythinginnaturetoofamiliar;eyeswhichh__eindeedlostsightofthefurtheraweofmidsummerdaybreakandnolongerseesomuchofthepastinApriltwilightastheysawwhentheyhadnopast;butwhichlookfreshlyatthedailinessofgreensummerofearlyafternoonofeveryskyofanyformthatcomestopassandofthedarkenedelms.Ex__rptedfromJulyByAli__Meynell__jestic[mE5dVestik]:宏伟的庄严的prosaic[prEu5zeiik]:散文的散文体的平淡无奇的solemnity[sE5lemniti]:严肃一本正经mena__[5menEs]:威胁危险物irretrievably[I5rekEnsaIlEbEli]:不能挽回地不能补救地Ali__Meynell1847-1922wasoneoftheleadingliteraryfiguresofhereraeditinganthologiesandopeningherhomeforliterarygatherings.Shewastwi__nominatedasPoetLaureate.Herpoemsmostofwhicharefairlyshortdisplayapurityandsensitivityreflectingherstrongreligiousbeliefs.MeynellwasamemberoftheNationalUnionofSuffrageSocietiesbutwascriticalofthemilitantmethodsusedbytheWomensSocialandPoliticalUnion.MeynellwasoneofthefirstwomentojointheWWSL.艾丽斯·梅内尔,英国女诗人兼散文作家[译文]七月间,人们有余暇观察树叶绿翠的千差万别这不再是成熟上的差异,因为所有的树木,或转苍翠,或呈墨绿,色调均已固着定格,从而展现出来的,并非时节上的不同,而是各自品格上的差异几乎各种绿色,品味凝重,既不流于悒郁,也不失之沉闷它具有一种深沉、日常的色泽,与灰暗的苍穹浑然一体,构成庄重却非一眼可见的和谐,故而在浏览扫掠的目光看来,可能会有阳春繁景过后的平淡之感,一如黎明之后十一时的光景凝重,乃是最贴切的字眼——不是时近黄昏的阴沉,亦非黑夜之中的森然七月白昼的葱郁树木,体现出普通的美,常见的清新,是一种如同黑夜白昼般惯常而又永恒不变的不解之谜童年时代,我们看到黎明和夏时日出的盛景,会油然生出一股日后无法充分保留、也难以完全恢复的奋激狂喜;同时,对四月和四月的日暮黄昏,还产生一种陶然忘情的欣赏共鸣——一种为之怦然心动的神驰向往,进入壮年之后,又无可挽回地逐渐淡化平息只有阅历丰富地慧眼,才能__到白昼本身和夏末时令固有地诗意——这双慧眼已久未获满足矣,同时也摆脱了厌倦感,此刻发现在自然界,即使最常见地景物也另有一番情趣;诚然,面对仲夏红日地喷薄欲出,已不再萌发敬畏之情;凝望四月地苍茫暮色,也不会比一无阅历地童年,引发更多地联想;然而,对司空见惯地日常景象——树木葱茏地盛夏,日过中天地午后,来而复去、变幻不定地每一片云天,还有幽暗地榆树——反倒会投以新地目光TheWinterofWisconsin(JeffRennicke)威斯康星州的冬日美国的威斯康星州是著名的西洋参的产地,它与___接壤,冬季气候寒冷__只用了寥寥数语就把威斯康星州的冬日写活了Nothing.Notracksbutmyownarestitchedintothedustingoffreshsnowwhiteasbirchbarkwhichfellduringthenight.Noflitteringshadowsinthetreesnotasliverofbirdsongintheair.Whatsunthereisthistimeofyearshinesweaklyhalfheartedlythroughthewhitegauzeofcloudsofferingnoteventheslightestpretenseofwarmth.FornearlyaweeknowthetemperaturesaroundmyWisconsincabinh__enotrisenabovezero.Themercuryseemspaintedtothebottomofthethermometer.Ex__rptedfromAPromiseofSpringByJeffRennickestitch[stitF]:tofastenorjoinwithorasifwithstitches缝缝合halfheartedly:不认真地无兴趣地gauze[^C:z]:薄纱纱布薄雾JeffRennickeisafull-timewriterauthorofover300__gazinearticlesforsuchpublicationsasNationalGeographicTr__elerBackpackerReadersDigestand__nyothers.Hiswritingondestinationsallovertheworldhastwi__1993and2001beengivengoldmedalsintheLowellTho__sTr__elJournali__CompetitionsponsoredbytheSocietyofAmericanTr__elWritersandhasbeenfeaturedinBestAdventureWriting2002__alonBooks.JeffRennickeisalsotheauthororco-authorofninebooksincludingIsleRoyaleWinneroftheprestigiousDirectorsAwardforbestbookonanationalpark1990andmostre__ntlyTreasuresofAlaska:TheLastGreatAmericanWildernesspublishedbytheNationalGeographicSociety.HisotherbooksincludeBearsofAlaskainLifeLegendRobertsRinehart1983SpiritoftheHillsG__NHA1991threevolumesoftheColoradoGeographicSeriesandothers.[译文]白茫茫的一片没有别的什么踪迹,只有我的脚印如细密的针脚印在积雪上,积雪白如桦树皮,那是昨夜落下的树上没有鸟儿轻捷的身影,空中也听不到鸟儿的一丝啁啾一年中的此刻,阳光无力地闪耀着,懒洋洋地透过薄纱似的云层,丝毫没有暖意将近一个星期了,我的威斯康星州的小木屋四周的气温始终没有超过零度那温度计底部的水银像是粘在那儿似的,一动不动InaugurationAddressJohnF.Kennedy肯尼迪就职演说约翰.菲茨杰拉德.肯尼迪是美国口才最好的总统之一,本文是他一九六一年一月二十日的就职演讲词他呼吁以果断与牺牲的精神来应付当前的许多挑战这一演讲词重新肯定了杰佛逊与威尔逊的第一任就职演讲词所立下的原则Vi__PresidentJohnsonMr.SpeakerMr.ChiefJusti__PresidentEisenhowerVi__PresidentNixonPresidentTru__nReverendClergyfellowcitizens:Weobservetodaynotavictoryof_____buta__lebrationof_______--symbolizinganendaswellasabeginning--signifyingrenewalaswellaschange.ForIh__eswornbeforeyouandAlmightyGodthesamesolemnoathourforbearsprescribednearlya__nturyandthree-quartersago.Theworldisverydifferentnow.For__nholdsinhismortalhandsthepowertoabolishallformsofhu__npovertyandallformsofhu__nlife.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefsforwhichourforebearsfoughtarestillatissuearoundtheglobe--thebeliefthattherightsof__ncomenotfromthegenerosityofthestatebutfromthehandofGod.Wedarenotforgettodaythatwearetheheirsofthatfirstrevolution.Letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandpla__tofriendandfoealikethatthetorchhasbeenpassedtoanewgenerationofAmericans--borninthis__nturytemperedbywardisciplinedbyahardandbitterpea__proudofourancientheritage--andunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehu__nrightstowhichthisnationhasalwaysbeencommittedandtowhichwearecommittedtodayathomeandaroundtheworld.Leteverynationknowwhetheritwishesuswellorillthatweshallpayanypri__bearanyburdenmeetanyhardshipsupportanyfriendopposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuc__ssofliberty.Thismuchwepledge--andmore.Tothoseoldallieswhoseculturalandspiritualoriginswesharewepledgetheloyaltyoffaithfulfriends.Unitedthereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.Dividedthereislittlewecando--forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.Tothosenewstateswhomwewelcometotheranksofthefreewepledgeourwordthatoneformofcolonialcontrolshallnoth__epassedawaymerelytoberepla__dbyafarmoreirontyranny.Weshallnotalwaysexpecttofindthemsupportingourview.Butweshallalwayshopetofindthemstronglysupportingtheirown_______--andtorememberthatinthepastthosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.Tothosepeopleinthehutsandvillagesofhalftheglobestrugglingtobreakthebondsof__ssmiserywepledgeourbesteffortstohelpthemhelpthemselvesforwhateverperiodisrequired--notbecausethecommunists__ybedoingitnotbecauseweseektheirvotesbutbecauseitisright.Ifafreesocietycannothelpthe__nywhoarepooritcannots__ethefewwhoarerich.Tooursisterrepublicssouthofourborderweofferaspecialpledge--toconvertourgoodwordsintogooddeeds--inanewallian__forprogress--toassistfreemenandfreegover__entsincastingoffthechainsofpoverty.Butthispea__fulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.Letallournei___orsknowthatweshalljoinwiththemtoopposeaggressionorsubversionanywhereintheAmericas.AndleteveryotherpowerknowthatthisHemisphereintendstore__inthe__sterofitsownhouse.TothatworldassemblyofsovereignstatestheUnitedNationsourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarh__efaroutpa__dtheinstrumentsofpea__werenewourpledgeofsupport-topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective-tostrengthenitsshieldofthenewandtheweak-andtoenlargetheareainwhichitswrit__yrun.Finallytothosenationswhowould__kethemselvesouradversaryweoffernotapledgebutarequest:thatbothsidesbeginanewthequestforpea__beforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscien__engulfallhu__nityinplannedoraccidentalself-destruction.Wedarenottemptthemwithweakness.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebe__rtainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.Butneithercantwogreatandpowerfulgroupsofnationstakecomfortfromourpresentcourse-bothsidesoverburdenedbythecostofmodernweaponsbothrightlyalarmedbythesteadyspreadofthedeadlyatomyetbothracingtoalterthatun__rtainbalan__ofterrorthatstaysthehandof__nkindsfinalwar.Soletusbeginanew--rememberingonbothsidesthatcivilityisnotasignofweaknessandsin__rityisalwayssu__ecttoproof.Letusnevernegotiateoutoffear.Butletusneverfeartonegotiate.Letbothsidesexplorewhatproblemsuniteusinsteadofbelaboringthoseproblemswhichdivideus.Letbothsidesforthefirsttimeformulateseriousandpreciseproposalsfortheinspectionandcontrolofarms--andbringtheabsolutepowertodestroyothernationsundertheabsolutecontrolofallnations.Letbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscien__insteadofitsterrors.Togetherletusexplorethestarsconquerthedesertseradicatediseasetaptheo__andepthsandencouragetheartsandcommer__.Letbothsidesunitetoheedinallcornersoftheearththecom__ndofIsaiah--toundothehe__yburdens...andlettheoppressedgofree.Andifabeachheadofcooperation__ypushbackthejungleofsuspicionletbothsidesjoinincreatinganewende__ornotanewbalan__ofpowerbutanewworldoflawwherethestrongarejustandtheweaksecureandthepea__preserved. Allthiswillnotbefinishedinthefirstonehundreddays.NorwillitbefinishedinthefirstonethousanddaysnorinthelifeofthisAdministrationnorevenperhapsinourlifetimeonthisplanet.Butletusbegin.Inyourhandsmyfellowcitizensmorethanminewillrestthefinalsuc__ssorfailureofourcourse.Sin__thiscountrywasfoundedeachgenerationofAmericanshasbeensummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnationalloyalty.Thegr__esofyoungAmericanswhoansweredthecalltoservi__surroundtheglobe.Nowthetrumpetsummonsusagain--notasacalltobeararmsthougharmsweneed--notasacalltobattlethoughembattledweare--butacalltobeartheburdenofalongtwilightstruggleyearinandyearoutrejoicinginhopepatientintribulation--astruggleagainstthecommonenemiesof__n:tyrannypovertydiseaseandwaritself.Canweforgeagainsttheseenemiesagrandandglobalallian__NorthandSouthEastandWestthatcanassureamorefruitfullifeforall__nkindWillyoujoininthathistoriceffortInthelonghistoryoftheworldonlyafewgenerationsh__ebeengrantedtheroleofdefending_______initshourof__ximumdanger.Idonotshrinkfromthisresponsibility--Iwelcomeit.Idonotbelievethatanyofuswouldexchangepla__swithanyotherpeopleoranyothergeneration.Theenergythefaiththedevotionwhichwebringtothisende__orwilllightourcountryandallwhoserveit--andtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld. AndsomyfellowAmericans:asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou--askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.Myfellowcitizensoftheworld:asknotwhatAmericawilldoforyoubutwhattogetherwecandoforthe_______of__n.FinallywhetheryouarecitizensofAmericaorcitizensoftheworldaskofusherethesamehighstandardsofstrengthandsacrifi__whichweaskofyou.Withagoodconscien__ouronlysurerewardwithhistorythefinaljudgeofourdeedsletusgoforthtoleadthelandweloveaskingHisblessingandHishelpbutknowingthathereonearthGodsworkmusttrulybeourown.ByJohnF.Kennedyrenewal[ri5nju:El]:更新复兴恢复heritage[5heritidV]:somethingthatispasseddownfrompre__dinggenerations;atradition遗产继承权传统pledge[pledV]:toofferorguaranteebyasolemnbindingpromise保证使发誓asunder[E5sQndEr]:intoseparatepartsorpie__s分离地成碎片地negotiate[ni5^EuFieit]:toconferwithanotherorothersinordertocometotermsorreachanagreement商议谈判磋商eradicate[i5rAdikeit]:togetridofasifbytearingupbytheroots根除JohnF.Kennedywasthe35th1961http://en._________.org/wiki/1961\o19611–1963http://en._________.org/wiki/1963\o1963Presidenthttp://en._________.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States\oPresidentoftheUnitedStatesoftheUnitedStateshttp://en._________.org/wiki/United_States\oUnitedStates.HewastheyoungestevertobeelectedpresidentthefirstUnitedStatesPresidentborninthe20th__nturyhttp://en._________.org/wiki/20th___ntury\o20th__nturyandtheyoungestpresidenteverto___inoffi__.Hewasassassinatedaftertwoyearsand10monthsaschiefexecutive.__nyAmericansviewKennedyasa__rtyrandoneofthegreatestpresidentsofourtime.Hisagendahoweverwasactuallyratherincompleteathisdeath–mostofhispoliciesonequalrightscametofruitionthroughhissuc__ssorLyndonJohnsonhttp://en._________.org/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson\oLyndonJohnson.约翰.菲茨杰拉德.肯尼迪是美国口才最好的总统之一,他于一九六三年十一月三十三日在得克萨斯州达拉斯城被__,事业悲惨以终[译文]我们今天庆祝的并不是一次政党的胜利,而是一次自由的庆典;它象征着结束,也象征着开始;意味着更新,也意味着变革因为我已在你们和全能的上帝面前,作了跟我们祖先将近一又四分之三世纪以前所拟定的相同的庄严誓言现今世界已经很不同了,因为人在自己血肉之躯的手中握有足以消灭一切形式的人类贫困和一切形式的人类生命的力量可是我们祖先奋斗不息所维护的__信念,在世界各地仍处于争论之中那信念就是注定__并非来自__的慷慨施与,而是上帝所赐我们今天不敢忘记我们是那第一次__的继承人,让我从此时此地告诉我们的朋友,并且也告诉我们的敌人,这支火炬已传交新一代的美国人,他们出生在本世纪,经历过战争的锻炼,受过严酷而艰苦的和平的熏陶,以我们的古代传统自豪,而且不愿目睹或容许__逐步被褫夺对于这些__我国一向坚贞不移,当前在国内和全世界我们也是对此力加维护的让每一个国家知道,不管它盼我们好或盼我们坏,我们将付出任何代价,忍受任何重负,应付任何艰辛,支持任何朋友,__任何敌人,以确保自由的存在与实现这是我们矢志不移的事--而且还不止此对于那些和我们拥有共同文化和精神传统的老盟邦,我们保证以挚友之诚相待只要团结,则在许多合作事业中几乎没有什么是办不到的倘若__,我们则无可作为,因为我们在意见分歧、各行其是的情况下,是不敢应付强大挑战的对于那些我们欢迎其参与自由国家行列的新国家,我们要提出保证,绝不让一种形成的殖民统治消失后,却代之以另一种远为残酷的__我们不能老是期望他们会支持我们的观点,但我们却一直希望他们能坚决维护他们自身的自由,并应记取,在过去,那些愚蠢得要骑在虎背上以壮声势的人,结果却被虎所吞噬对于那些住在布满半个地球的茅舍和乡村中、力求打破普遍贫困的桎梏的人们,我们保证尽最大努力助其自救,不管需要多长时间这并非因为___会那样做,也不是由于我们要求他们的选票,而是由于那样做是正确的自由社会若不能帮助众多的__,也就不能保全那少数的富人对于我国边界以内的各姐妹___,我们提出一项特殊的保证要把我们的美好诺言化作善行,在争取进步的新联盟中援助自由人和自由__来摆脱贫困的枷锁但这种为实现本身愿望而进行的和平__不应成为不怀好意的国家的俎上肉让我们所有的邻邦都知道,我们将与他们联合抵御对美洲任何地区的侵略或__让其它国家都知道,西半球的事西半球自己会管至于___这个各__国家的世界性议会,在今天这个战争工具的发展速度超过和平工具的时代中,它是我们最后的、最美好的希望我们愿重申我们的支持诺言;不让它变成仅供谩骂的讲坛,加强其对于新国弱国的保护,并扩大其权力所能运用的领域最后,对于那些与我们为敌的国家,我们所要提供的不是保证,而是要求双方重新着手寻求和平,不要等到科学所释出的危险破坏力量在有意或无意中使全人类沦于自我毁灭我们不敢以示弱去诱惑他们因为只有当我们的武力无可置疑地壮大时,我们才能毫无疑问地确信永远不会使用武力可是这两个强有力的国家集团,谁也不能对当前的趋势放心--双方都因现代武器的代价而感到不胜负担,双方都对于致命的原子力量不断发展而产生应有的惊骇,可是双方都在竞谋改变那不稳定的恐怖均衡,而此种均衡却可以暂时阻止人类最后从事战争因此让我们重新开始,双方都应记住,谦恭并非懦弱的征象,而诚意则永远须要验证让我们永不因畏惧而谈判但让我们永不要畏惧谈判让双方探究能使我们团结在一起的是什么问题,而不要虚耗心力于使我们__的问题让双方首次制订有关视察和管制武器的真诚而确切的建议,并且把那足以毁灭其它国家的漫无限制的力量置于所有国家的绝对管制之下让双方都谋求激发科学的神奇力量而不是科学的恐怖因素让我们联合起来去探索星球,治理沙漠,消除疾病,__海洋深处,并鼓励艺术和商务让双方携手在世界各个角落遵循以赛亚的命令,去“卸下沉重的负担……并让被__者得自由”如果建立合作的滩头堡能够遏制重重猜疑,那么,让双方联合作一次新的努力吧,这不是追求新的权力均衡,而是建立一个新的法治世界,在那世界上强者公正,弱者安全,和平在握凡此种种不会在最初的一百天中完成,不会在最初的一千天中完成,不会在本__任期中完成,甚或也不能在我们活在地球上的毕生期间完成但让我们开始同胞们,我们事业的最后成效,主要不是掌握在我手里,而是操在你们手中自从我国建立以来,每一代的美国人都曾__以验证其对国家的忠诚响应此项召唤而服军役的美国青年人的坟墓遍布全球各处现在那号角又再度召唤我们--不是号召我们肩起武器,虽然武器是我们所需要的;不是号召我们去作战,虽然我们准备应战;那是号召我们年复一年肩负起持久和胜败未分的斗争,“在希望中欢乐,在患难中忍耐”;这是一场对抗人类公敌--__、贫困、疾病以及战争本身--的斗争我们能否结成一个遍及东西南北的全球性伟大联盟来对付这些敌人,来确保全人类享有更为富裕的生活你们是否愿意参与这历史性的努力在世界的悠久历史中,只有很少几个世代的人赋有这种在自由遭遇最大危机时保卫自由的任务我决不在这责任之前退缩;我欢迎它我不相信我们中间会有人愿意跟别人及别的世代交换地位我们在这场努力中所献出的精力、信念与虔诚、将照亮我们的国家以及所有为国家服务的人,而从这一火焰所聚出的光辉必能照明全世界所以,同胞们不要问你们的国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么全世界的公民不要问美国愿为你们做些什么,而应问我们在一起能为人类的自由做些什么最后,不管你是美国的公民或世界它国的公民,请将我们所要求于你们的有关力量与牺牲的高标准拿来要求我们我们唯一可靠的报酬是问心无愧,我们行为的最后裁判者是历史,让我们向前引导我们所挚爱的国土,企求上帝的保佑与扶携,但我们知道,在这个世界上,上帝的任务肯定就是我们自己所应肩负的任务Ih__eadream(__rtinLutherKing)我有一个梦1963年8月28日,美国首都华盛顿__大规模的黑人__,为黑人争取自由平等和就业马丁·路德·金在会上发表本篇演说Ih__eadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ih__eadreamtoday.Ih__eadreamthatonedaythestateofAlaba__whosegovernorslipsarepresentlydrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullificationwillbetransformedintoasituationwherelittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsandwalktogetherassistersandbrothers.Ih__eadreamtoday.Ih__eadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexaltedeveryhillandmountainshallbe__delowtheroughpla__swillbe__deplainandthecrookedpla__swillbe__destraightandthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.Thisisourhope.ThisisthefaithwithwhichIreturntotheSouth.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletohewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoabeautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogethertopraytogethertostruggletogethertogotojailtogethertostandupfor_______togetherknowingthatwewillbefreeoneday.By__rtinLutherKingAlaba__[7AlE5bAmE]:__巴马州美国的一个州interposition[in7tE:pE5ziFEn]:异议nullification[7nQlifi5keiFEn]:theactofnullifying无效transform[trAns5fC:m]:改变exalt[i^5zC:lte^-]:toraiseinrankcharacterorstatus;elevate升高crooked[5krukid]:弯曲的glory[5^lC:ri]:荣誉光荣reveal[ri5vi:l]:tobringtoview;show显示透露jangling:刺耳的discord[5diskC:d]:意见不合嘈杂声symphony[5simfEni]:交响乐交响曲brotherhood[5brQTEhud]:thestateorrelationshipofbeingbrothers手足情谊__rtinLutherKing1929—1968wastheblackleaderofamovementforblackequality.Heleda__ssstruggleforracialequalitythatdoomedsegregationandchangedAmericaforever.Workingalongsideindividualsofallagesra__sandbackgroundsDr.KingencouragedAmericanstocometogethertostrengthencommunitiesalleviatepovertyandacknowledgedignityandrespectforallhu__nbeings.Servi__herealizedwasthegreatequalizer.马丁·路德·金,美国黑人解放运动的著名领袖,因为其在民权运动方面的杰出贡献,他获得了1964年______金因为在____上发表了《我有一个梦想》的这篇著名演说,被誉为近百年来八大最具有说服力的演说家之一1968年被种族主义者刺杀[译文]我梦想有一天,我的四个小__将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色,而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里我今天怀有一个梦我梦想有一天,亚拉巴马州会有所改变,尽管该州州长现在仍然满口异议,__联邦法令,但有朝一日,那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉,携手并进我今天怀有一个梦我梦想有一天,深谷弥合,高山夷平,歧路化坦途,曲径成通衢,上帝的光华再现,普天下生灵共谒这是我们的希望这是我将带回南方去的信念有了这个信念,我们就能从绝望之山开采出希望之石有了这个信念,我们就能把____的嘈杂刺耳的争吵声,变为充满手足之情的悦耳交响曲有了这个信念,我们就能一同工作,一同祈祷,一同斗争,一同入狱,一同维护自由,因为我们知道,我们终有一天会获得自由Getty__urgAddress(AbrahamLincoln)在盖茨堡的演讲盖茨堡在美国宾夕法尼亚州1863年7月1日至3日,北军在此重创了南军,扭转了战争局势此战役后这里修了一个战争牺牲者的公墓本篇是1863年公墓落成典礼上的演说词Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthecontinentanewnationcon__ivedinlibertyanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwartestingwhetherthatnationoranynationsocon__ivedandsodedicatedcanlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.Weh__ecometodedicateaportionofthatfieldasafinalresting-pla__forthosewhohereg__etheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.Butinalargersensewecannotdedicatewecannotconsecratewecannothallowthisground.Thebr__emenlivinganddeadwhostruggledhereh__econsecrateditfaraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenotenorlongrememberwhatwesayherebutitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforusthelivingrathertobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughthereh__ethusfarsonoblyadvan__d.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskre__iningbeforeus—thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheyg__ethelastfullmeasureofdevotion;thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnoth__e___dinvain;thatthisnationunderGodshallh__eanewbirthof_______;andthatgover__entofthepeoplebythepeopleforthepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.ByAbrahamLincolnGetty__urg:atowninPennsylvaniaalsothesiteofacrucialbattleoftheCivilWarin1863盖茨堡,美国宾夕法尼亚州一个历史名镇,一八六三年南北战争时曾为战场fourscoreandsevenyearsago:eighty-sevenyearsagoherereferringtotheyear1776whentheUnitedStatesofAmericadeclareditsindependen__八十六年前,此指1776年美国宣布__时fathers:forefathers祖先broughtforth:g__ebirthto缔造con__ivedinliberty:h__inglibertyasanidealofthenation___为理想dedicatedto:devotedto献身于proposition[7prCpE5ziFEn]:statement;assertion主张;信条thatallmenarecreatedequal:thatallmenarebornequaloneoftheself-evidenttruthsmentionedintheDeclarationofIndependen__美国__宣言明白揭示的真理∶“人类是生而平等的”engagedin:occupiedin从事于endure[in5djuE]:exist;last持续aportionofthatfield:apartofthatbattlefield那战场的一部分finalresting-pla__:burial-pla__;__metery葬地;墓地g__etheirlives:sacrifi__dthemselves;___dfortheircountry牺牲生命;为国捐躯inalargersense:broadlyspeaking依广义说consecrate[5kCnsikreit]:setapartassacred奉为神圣hallow[5hAlEu]:regardasholy尊为神圣detract[di5trAkt]:redu__indegree减损thusfar:tothisextent到如此地步g__ethelastfullmeasureofdevotion:g__ethelastlargestextentofdevoutness鞠躬尽瘁perish[5periF]:bedestroyedorruined毁灭AbrahamLincoln1809-1865was16thpresidentoftheUnitedStates1861-1865duringtheCivilWar.ThoughLincolnwroteanumberofwell-knownspeechesduringthecourseofhislongpoliticalcareertheaddressatGettysburgisperhapsthemostwidelyquotedofthemall.ItwasdeliveredsoonafteradecisivebattleatGettysburgPennsylvania.AtfirstitwasnotgivenmuchattentionovershadowedonthesameoccasionbyEdwardEverettapopularoratoratthetimewhohad__dealongandpolishedspeech.ButasitturnedoutLincoln’sspeechafteritspublicationhasbeenconsideredoneofthebestinoratoryhistoryandtherehashardlybeenanychildofschoolageintheUnitedStateswhohasnothadstu___dandmemorizedit.林肯,美国第十六任总统从青年时代起,林肯就热心__活动,__奴隶制扩大到新成立的州内1860年11月,林肯当选为美国总统,1864年林肯再次在大选中获胜,连任美国总统,1865年4月14日林肯在华盛顿遇刺身亡[译文]八十七年以前,我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个新的国家,____信奉自由,忠实于人人生来平等这一信念当前,我们正在从事一次伟大的内战,这场战争考验着以上述信念立国的我国,或任何一个有这种主张和这种信仰的国家,是否能__坚持下去我们今天在这场内战的一个伟大的战场上聚会,把战场上的一小块土地奉献给那些为国家生存而英勇捐躯的烈士们作为他们最后的安息之地这是我们应该做的但在更大的意义上说,我们无权奉献,也无法使这片土地成为神圣之地是那些曾经在这里战斗过的活着的或死去的英雄们使之成为圣地远非我们的微薄能力所能再增减世人不会特别留意,更不会长久记得我们在此地所说的话,但那些勇士们在这里所做过的事,世界将永远不会忘记对于我们这些活着的人来说,更应献身于英雄们曾在此为之奋斗、努力推进、但尚未竟的工作我们更应献身于摆在我们面前未竟的伟大任务――我们要汲取光荣的烈士们的献身精神去完成他们为之献出全部身心的事业;我们在此宣誓决不让烈士们的鲜血白流;在上帝庇佑之下,我们的国家将会获得自由的新生;我们的民有、民治、民享的__将永存于世TheTribute(EarlSpen__r)BackgroundDianaPrin__ssofWales___dofinjuriesinanautomobileaccidentinParisFran__onAugust311997aged36aneventthatshockedandsaddenedtheworld.Diana’sfuneralwasheldonSeptember6inWestminsterAbbey.Attheservi__EarlSpen__rDianasbrotherinhiseulogypraisedherforhercharitableworkscriticizedthepressandsaidgoodbyetohissister“theuniquethecomplextheextraordinaryandirrepla__ableDiana.”Thisisaspeechloadedwithstrongemotionsofsadnessindignatinanddedication.Istandbeforeyoutodaytherepresentativeofafamilyingriefinacountryinmourningbeforeaworldinshock.WeareallunitednotonlyinourdesiretopayourrespectstoDianabutratherinourneedtodoso.Forsuchwasherextraordinaryappealthatthetensofmillionsofpeopletakingpartinthisservi__allovertheworldviatelevisionandradiowhoneveractuallymetherfeelthattheytoolostsomeoneclosetothemintheearlyhoursofSundaymorning.Itisamorere__rkabletributetoDianathanIcaneverhopetoofferhertoday.Dianawastheveryessen__ofcompassionofdutyofstyleofbeauty.Allovertheworldshewasasymbolofselflesshu__nity.AstandardbearerfortherightsofthetrulydowntroddenaveryBritishgirlwhotrans__ndednationality.Someonewithanaturalnobilitywhowasclasslessandwhoprovedinthelastyearthatsheneedednoroyaltitletocontinuetogenerateherparticularbrandof__gic.Todayisourchan__tosaythankyouforthewayyoubrightenedourliveseventhoughGodgrantedyoubuthalfalife.Wewillallfeelcheatedalwaysthatyouweretakenfromussoyoungandyetwemustlearntobegratefulthatyoucamealongatall.Onlynowyouaregonedowetrulyappreciatewhatwearenowwithoutandwewantyoutoknowthatlifewithoutyouisveryverydifficult.Weh__ealldespairedatourlossoverthepastweekandonlythestrengthofthemessageyoug__eusthroughyouryearsofgivinghasaffordedusthestrengthtomoveforward.Thereisatemptationtorushtocanoniseyourmemorythereisnoneedtodoso.Youstandtallenoughasahu__nbeingofuniquequalitiesnotneedtobeseenasasaint.Indeedtosanctifyyourmemorywouldbetomissoutontheverycoreofyourbeingyourwonderfullymischievoussenseofhumourwithalaughthatbentyoudouble.Yourjoyforlifetran__ittedwhereveryoutookyour__ileandthesparkleinthoseunforgettableeyes.Yourboundlessenergywhichyoucouldbarelycontain.Butyourgreatestgiftwasyourintuitionanditwasagiftyouusedwisely.Thisiswhatunderpinnedallyourotherwonderfulattributesandifwelookto____ysewhatitwasaboutyouthathadsuchawideappealwefinditinyourinstinctivefeelforwhatwasreallyimportantinallourlives.WithoutyourGod-givensensitivitywewouldbeimmersedingreaterignoran__attheanguishofAidsandHIVsuffererstheplightofthehomelesstheisolationofleperstherandomdestructionoflandmines.Dianaexplainedtomeon__thatitwasherinnermostfeelingsofsufferingthat__deitpossibleforhertoconnectwithherconstituencyoftherejected.Andherewecometoanothertruthabouther.ForallthestatustheglamourtheapplauseDianare__inedthroughoutaveryinsecurepersonatheartalmostchildlikeinherdesiretodogoodforotherssoshecouldreleaseherselffromdeepfeelingsofunworthinessofwhichhereatingdisordersweremerelyasymptom.Theworldsensedthispartofhercharacterandcherishedherforhervulnerabilitywhilstadmiringherforherhonesty.Lasttime1sawDianawasonJuly1herbirthdayinLondonwhentypicallyshewasnottakingtimeto__lebrateherspecialdaywithfriendsbutwasguestofhonouratafundraisingcharityevening.ShesparkledofcoursebutIwouldrathercherishthedaysIspentwithherin__rchwhenshecametovisitmeandmychildreninourhomeinSouthAfrica.IamproudofthefactapartfromwhenshewasonpublicdisplaymeetingPresident__ndelawe__nagedtocontrivetostoptheever-presentpaparazzifromgettingasinglepictureofher-thatmeantalottoher.TheseweredaysIwillalwaystreasure.Itwasasifwehadbeentransportedbacktoourchildhoodwhenwespentsuchanenormousamountoftimetogether—thetwoyoungestinthefamily.Fundamentallyshehadnotchangedatallfromthebigsisterwhomotheredmeasababyfoughtwithmeatschoolandenduredthoselongtrainjourneysbetweenourparents’homeswithmeatweekends.Itisatributetoherlevel-headednessandstrengththatdespitethemostbizarrelifei__ginableafterherchildhoodshere__inedintacttruetoherself.Thereisnodoubtthatshewaslookingforanewdirectioninherlifeatthistime.ShetalkedendlesslyofgettingawayfromEngland__inlybecauseofthetreatmentthatshere__ivedatthehandsofthenewspapers.Idontthinksheeverunderstoodwhyhergenuinelygoodintentionsweresneeredatbythemediawhythereappearedtobeaper__nentquestontheirbehalftobringherdown.Itisbaffling.Myownandonlyexplanationisthatgenuinegoodnessisthreateningtothoseattheoppositeendofthemoralspectrum.ItisapointtorememberthatofalltheironiesaboutDianaperhapsthegreatestwasthis—agirlgiventhenameoftheancientgoddessofhuntingwasintheendthemosthuntedpersonofthemodernage.ShewouldwantustodaytopledgeourselvestoprotectingherbelovedboysWilliamandHarryfromasimilarfateandIdothishereDianaonyourbehalf.Wewillnotallowthemtosuffertheanguishthatusedregularlytodriveyoutotearfuldespair.AndbeyondthatonbehalfofyourmotherandsistersIpledgethatweyourbloodfamilywilldoallwecantocontinuethei__ginativeandlovingwayinwhichyouweresteeringthesetwoex__ptionalyoungmensothattheirsoulsarenotsimplyimmersedbydutyandtraditionbutcansingopenlyasyouplanned.Wefullyrespecttheheritageintowhichtheyh__ebothbeenbornandwillalwaysrespectandencouragethemintheirroyalrolebutwelikeyourecognisetheneedforthemtoexperien__as__nydifferentaspectsoflifeaspossibletoarmthemspirituallyandemotionallyfortheyearsahead.Iknowyouwouldh__eexpectednothinglessfromus.WilliamandHarryweallcaredesperatelyforyoutoday.Weareallchewedupwiththesadnessatthelossofawo__nwhowasnotevenourmother.Howgreatyoursufferingiswecannoteveni__gine.IwouldliketoendbythankingGodforthe__allmercieshehasshownusatthisdreadfultimefortakingDianaathermostbeautifulandradiantandwhenshehadjoyinherprivatelife.Aboveallwegivethanksforthelifeofawo__nIamsoproudtobeabletocallmysistertheuniquethecomplextheextraordinaryandirrepla__ableDianawhosebeautybothinternalandexternalwillneverbeextinguishedfromourminds.ByEarlSpen__rastandardbearer:倡导者__者旗手thedowntrodden:被践踏、被__的人们alaughthatbentyoudouble:让你笑得前仰后合Thisiswhatunderpinnedallyourotherwonderfulattributes这是你其他优秀品质的基础releaseherselffromdeepfeelingsofunworthinessofwhichhereatingdisordersweremerelyasymptom使自己从深深的自卑感中解脱出来,而她饮食方面的紊乱正是这种自卑感的表现paparazzi:(靠收集名人消息并向媒体出售牟利的)狗崽队genuinegoodnessisthreateningtothoseattheoppositeendofthemoralspectrum真正的善意对站在道德立场对立面的那些人构成了威胁Diana:黛安娜古罗马神话中处女性守护神狩猎女神和月亮女神相当于希腊神话中的ArtemisTheDianaPrin__ssofWalesMemorialFund1961-1997wasoneoftherichestmostglamorousandsociallypowerfulwomenintheworld.On24February1981LadyDianawasto__rrythefutureofEngland.Intheearlyyearsofthis__rriageeveryoneseemedhappyandenjoyed.Howevernooneknewtheunhappinessandtormentthisladyfeltbehindthecoldpala__walls.ThePrin__andPrin__ssofWalesweredivor__don28August
1996.ThePrin__sscontinuedtoberegardedasamemberoftheRoyalfamily.Shewashoweverbestknownforhercharitablework-notablypublicisingworkonbehalfofpeoplewithHIV/AIDS.Herloveofchildrenwasalsoreadilyapparentinhercharitablework.Besidesshetriedtoraiseawarenessofpovertydrugproblemsandhomelessnessaswell.戴安娜王妃1981年7月29日,戴安娜与查尔斯王储在伦敦圣保罗教堂隆重__婚礼”她嫁入王室后开始了备受世人__、悲剧性的生活Re__rksinWelcoming__remoniesinXi’an(BillClinton)西安的欢迎仪式上的演说本文是___在1998年6月25日西安的欢迎仪式上的演说__yorFengGovernorChengSecretaryLiNiMenHao.Thankyouforthekeytoyourcityandforthis__gnifi__ntwelcome.HereinthisancientcapitalChinaseemsveryyoungtometonightblessedwithbothaproudhistoryandthepromiseoftomorrow.Xianwasperhapsthemostopenandculturallyadvan__dcityintheentireworld.Fromthispla__traderoutesextendedthroughAsiatoEuropeandAfrica.Andtothispla__greatthinkerscamespreadingphilosophyandnewideasthath__econtributedtothegreatnessofChina.IlookforwardtoseeingtheTerracottaWarriorstheoldcitywallstheMuslimquarter.IlookforwardtolearningmoreaboutChinasgreatcontributionstothestoreofhu__nknowledgefrommedicineandprintingto__the__ticsandastronomy.Discoveriesonwhichsomuchofthewholeworldprogressisbased.AndIwanttoseemoreofthenewnationyouarebuildingonascaleeventheemperorscouldnoth__eforeseen.Chinathatg__eusprintingnowboastsfax__chinescomputersand__llphones.Xianishometofilm-__kersinternetexplorersbusinesspeopleofeverydescription.HereinthiscityfamousforcalligraphyanewchapterinChinasstoryisbeingwritten.WeAmericansadmireyouraccomplishmentsyoureconomyyourhardworkcreativityandvisionyoureffortsagainsthungerandpovertyyourworkwithusonpea__andstabilityinKoreaandSouthAsia.AnewdayisdawningfortheChinesepeople.ForChinasgreatnessliesasalwayswithitspeople.Ourownhistoryhasconvin__dAmericansthatthegreatnessofanycountryismeasuredinitspeopleintheirsharedreveren__forfamilyandcommunityforworkandlearningandintheirindividualthoughtsbeliefsandcreativity.Inthisglobalinfor__tionagewherebotheconomicgrowthandindividualopportunityarebasedonideasacommitmenttoprovidingallhu__nbeingstheopportunitytodeveloptheirfullpotentialisvitaltothestrengthandsuc__ssofthenewChinaaswell.AsItr__elacrossChinaIhopetolearnasmuchasIcanabouttheChinesepeopleyourhistoryandyourdreamsforthefuture.AndIhopetohelptheChinesepeopleunderstandmoreofAmericanshistorythelessonstheAmericanpeopleh__edrawnfromitandthedreamsweholdforthe21st__ntury.IbelievebothChineseandAmericansaspireto__nyofthesamethings:toprovideforourfamiliestoteachourchildrentobuildourcommunitiestoprotectourEarthtoshapeourownfuturesandpassbrighterpossibilitiesontoourchildren.There__ybethosehereandbackinAmericawhowonderwhetherclosertiesanddeeperfriendshipbetweenAmericaandChinaaregood.Clearlytheanswerisyes.Weh__eapowerfulabilitytohelpeachothergrow.Wecanlearnmuchfromeachother.Andastwogreatnationsweh__easpecialresponsibilitytothefutureoftheworld.Thestepswetakeoverthenextweekcanleadtofargreaterstridesforourpeopleintheyearsahead.Hereinthiscityofyour__gnifi__nthistorywemustalwaysrememberthatwetooarean__stors.Somedayourchildrenandtheirchildrenwillaskifwedidallwecouldtobuildjustsocietiesandamorepea__fulworld.Letourmonumentbetheirjudgmentthatwedidthat.Letourprogressincludeallpeoplewithalltheirdifferen__smovingtowardacommondestiny.LetusgivenewmeaningtothewordswrittenintheancientBookofRightsthatyoucalltheLiShi:Whenthegreatwayisfollowedallunderhe__enwillbeequal.XieXie.Thankyouverymuch.ByU.S.PresidentBillClintonTerracottaWarriors:兵马俑calligraphy[kE5li^rEfi]:书法reveren__[5revErEns]:afeelingofprofoundaweandrespect尊敬敬重BillClinton1946-wasthefirstDemocraticpresidentsin__FranklinD.Roosevelttowinasecondterm.DuringtheadministrationofWilliamJeffersonClintontheU.S.enjoyedmorepea__andeconomicwellbeingthanatanytimeinitshistory.Hecouldpointtothelowestunemploymentrateinmoderntimesthelowestinflationin30yearsthehighesthomeownershipinthecountryshistorydroppingcrimeratesin__nypla__sandredu__dwelfareroles.Heproposedthefirstbalan__dbudgetindecadesandachievedabudgetsurplus.Aspartofaplanto__lebratethemillenniumin2000Clintoncalledforagreatnationalinitiativetoendracialdiscrimination.比尔·___,任期1993年—2001年主要功绩签署预算平衡协议,废止联邦福利保障制度___最终被评为美国经济史上的英雄人物[译文]冯市长、程省长、李秘书你们好!感谢你们赠送给我的你们城市的钥匙,感谢你们隆重的欢迎仪式在这座古老的城市里,今天晚上在我看来显得很年轻,中国很幸运地既有值得自豪的历史,又有充满希望的将来我很高兴西安是我中国之行的第一站因为它曾是中国的古都,现在仍然是中国人民的中心地带我是在美国的中心地带长大的我知道一个民族的性格取决于在那里生活的勤劳的人民今天晚上我看到一千多年唐朝风采的再现那时的西安可能是全世界最开放、文化上最先进的城市从这里开始,贸易之路延伸亚洲直至欧洲和非洲汇集到这里来的很多思想家,传播了哲学和新思想,___的伟大事业作出了贡献我期待着明天参观兵马俑、古城墙和___区我期待着更多地了解中国对人类知识宝库的伟大贡献,从医学和印刷术到数学和天文学,因为整个世界的进步在很大程度上都是基于你们的这些发现我想多看一看,你们这个新国家的建设,其规模如此之大以至昔日的皇帝们也无法预见中国给我们带来印刷术,现在拥有传真机、计算机和手提__西安是电影摄制者、因特网探索者和商界人士的家在这座以书法闻名的城市,现在正在书写中国___新篇章我们美国人钦佩你们的成就、你们的经济、你们的勤奋、创造性和远见、你们为克服饥饿和贫穷所作出的努力,钦佩你们和我们一起致力于朝鲜和南亚的和平与稳定所作的工作中国人民的新曙光正在出现,因为中国的伟大一直在于她的人民我们自己的历史告诉我们,衡量任何一个国家的伟大之处的标准就在于她的人民,在于他们共同对家庭、社会、劳动和学习的热爱,在于他们个人的思想、信仰和创造力尊重每个公民的价值、尊严、潜力和自由是美国的力量和成功的重要源泉在这个全球信息时代,其中经济发展和个人机遇都取决于为所有的人提供充分发挥其潜能的机会,这也将是___强大和成功的重要因素我在中国访问期间,希望尽可能多地了解中国人民,了解你们的历史和你们对未来的憧憬我还希望帮助中国人民更多地了解美国的历史、美国人民从历史中吸取的教训以及我们对21世纪的展望我相信中国人民和美国人民在很多方面都有共同的思想,例如供养家庭、教育儿童、建设社区、保护地球、构思共建我们的未来、把更加光明的未来传给我们的下一代在这里和在美国国内,可能有人会问中美两国建立更紧密的__和更深的友谊是否有好处答案显然是肯定的我们互相帮助共同发展的能力是巨大的我们可以彼此学到的东西会是很多的作为两个伟大的国家,中美对世界的未来担负特殊的责任我们在未来一周所采取的步骤可以导致两国人民在今后的岁月里迈出比以前大得多的步伐在这里,在你们这座有着光辉___城市里,我们必须永远记住,我们以后也是祖先有一天,我们的孩子和他们的孩子会问,我们是否尽心尽力来建设公正的社会和更加和平的世界如果他们认为我们是尽了全力,就让他们的判断成为我们的纪念碑让我们的进步,包括有这样或那样的差异的人、所有的人,都朝着一个共同的命运前进你们的历史古书《礼记》上说“大道之行也,天下为公”让我们给这话赋予新的意义谢谢非常感谢PresidentBushAddressesNationonSpa__ShuttleColumbiaTragedy__总统就哥伦比亚号__飞机失事讲话2003年2月1日“哥伦比亚号”__飞机在美国东部时间9时北京时间22时许返回地面过程中与地面控制中心失去了__,后在得克萨斯州中北部地区上空解体坠毁,__飞机上的7名宇航员全部遇难2月1日下午2:00北京时间2月2日凌晨3:00,美国总统__就“哥伦比亚”号__飞机失事一事,向全国人民发表讲话MyfellowAmericansthisdayhasbroughtterriblenewsandgreatsadnesstoourcountry.At9:00a.m.thismorningMissionControlinHoustonlostcontactwithourSpa__ShuttleColumbia.AshorttimelaterdebriswasseenfallingfromtheskiesaboveTexas.TheColumbiaislost;therearenosurvivors.Onboardwasacrewofseven:ColonelRickHu__and;Lt.ColonelMichaelAnderson;Com__nderLaurelClark;CaptainD__idBrown;Com__nderWilliamMcCool;Dr.KalpanaChawla;andIlanRamonaColonelintheIsraeliAirFor__.Thesemenandwomenassumedgreatriskintheservi__toallhu__nity.Inanagewhenspa__flighthascometoseemalmostroutineitiseasytooverlookthedangersoftr__elbyrocketandthedifficultiesofn__igatingthefier__outeratmosphereoftheEarth.Theseastronautsknewthedangersandtheyfa__dthemwillinglyknowingtheyhadahighandnoblepurposeinlife.Becauseoftheircourageanddaringandideali__wewillmissthemallthemore.AllAmericanstodayarethinkingaswellofthefamiliesofthesemenandwomenwhoh__ebeengiventhissuddenshockandgrief.You’renotalone.Ourentirenationgrieveswithyou.Andthoseyoulovedwillalwaysh__etherespectandgratitudeofthiscountry.Thecauseinwhichthey___dwillcontinue.__nkindisledintothedarknessbeyondourworldbytheinspirationofdiscoveryandthelongingtounderstand.Ourjourneyintospa__willgoon.Intheskiestodaywesawdestructionandtragedy.Yetfartherthanwecanseethereiscomfortandhope.InthewordsoftheprophetIsaiah“Liftyoureyesandlooktothehe__ens.WhocreatedalltheseHewhobringsoutthestarryhostsonebyoneandcallsthemeachbyname.BecauseofHisgreatpowerandmightystrengthnotoneofthemismissing.”ThesameCreatorwhonamesthestarsalsoknowsthenamesofthesevensoulswemourntoday.ThecrewoftheshuttleColumbiadidnotreturnsafelytoEarth;yetwecanpraythatallaresafelyhome__yGodblessthegrievingfamiliesand__yGodcontinuetoblessAmerica.ByU.S.PresidentGeorgeW.BushFebruary12003starry[5stB:ri]:布满星星的prophet[5prCfit]:先知预言者Isaiah以赛亚公元前8世纪的希伯来的预言家GeorgeW.Bush(1946—)isthe43rdPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Hewasswornintooffi__January202001afteracampaigninwhichheoutlinedsweepingproposalstoreformAmericaspublicschoolstransformournationaldefenseprovidetaxreliefmodernizeSocialSecurityandMedicareandencouragefaith-basedandcommunityorganizationstoworkwithgover__enttohelpAmericansinneed.AftertheattacksofSeptember11thPresidentBushdeclaredwaragainstterrorandhas__devictoryinthewaronterrori__andtheadvan__ofhu__n_______theprioritiesofhisAdministration.乔治·沃克·__,美国历史上的第43任总统生于1946年7月6日,其父乔治-哈伯特-__曾任美国总统2001年1月20日宣誓就任,目前正在连任[译文]美国的同胞们,今天我们的国家遭遇到可怕的消息和巨大的悲哀今天上午九点,休斯顿控制中心和哥伦比亚号__飞机失去了联络没过多长时间,人们就看到残骸从德克萨斯州上空坠落,哥伦比亚号__飞机失事,机组人员无一幸免__飞机上有七名宇航员,他们是里克·赫斯本德上校、迈克尔·安德森中校、劳雷尔·克拉克中校、戴维·布朗上校、威廉·麦库尔中校、卡尔帕纳·舒拉__和以色列空军上校伊兰·拉蒙 这些男女宇航员为了全人类的事业,承担了巨大的风险在太空飞行似乎已经变成常规作业的今天,人们很容易忽视乘坐火箭旅行的危险和在地球大气层以外航行的难度这些宇航员了解这些危险,而且心甘情愿地面对这些危险,因为他们知道自己的生命有着崇高的目标正是因为他们的勇气、胆识和____信念,我们会更加怀念他们今天,所有美国人都会想到这些宇航员的家人,他们经历了突如其来的震撼和悲伤你们并不孤独,我们整个国家和你们一起哀悼你们的亲人将永远受到美国的尊敬和感激 他们为之献身的事业将继续下去人类基于发现和求知的欲望才走进大气层以外的黑暗,我们对太空的探索会继续下去今天,我们在空中看到了摧毁和悲剧,但是在超越我们视线的地方却有着安慰与希望先知以赛亚说“你们向上举目,看谁创造这万象?按数目领出,他一一称其名因他的权能,又因他的大能大力,连一个都不缺”为星宿命名的同一位造物主,也知道我们____的七个亡灵的名字,哥伦比亚号__飞机的机组人员未能平安返回地球,但是我们祈祷他们全都有了平安的归宿 愿神保佑他们悲恸的家人,愿神继续保佑美国NewEnglandWeather(__rkTwain)新英格兰的天气曾经听说马克·吐温这样比喻道新英格兰的天气,好像女人的面孔,变化无常其人笔力辛辣,风趣幽默,令人怀恋ThereisasumptuousvarietyabouttheNewEnglandweatherthatcompelsthestranger’sadmiration—andregret.Theweatherisalwaysdoingsomethingthere;alwaysattendingstrictlytobusiness;alwaysgettingupnewdesignsandtryingthemonpeopletoseehowtheywillgo.ButitgetsthroughmorebusinessinSpringthaninanyotherseason.IntheSpringIh__ecountedonehundredandthirty-sixdifferentkindsofweatherinsideoftwenty-fourhours.……Probablenor’-easttosou’-westwindsvaryingtothesouthardandwestardandeastardandpointsbetween;highandlowbarometersweepingroundfrompla__topla__;probableareasofrainsnowhailanddroughtsuc__ededorpre__dedbyearthquakeswiththunderandlightning.Ex__rptedfromSpeechatdinnerofNewEnglandSocietyby__rkTwain.sumptuous[5sQmptjuEs]:ofasizeorsplendorsuggestinggreatexpense;l__ish奢侈的华丽的drought[draut]:干旱缺乏nor’-easttosou’-westwinds:东北风到西南风barometer[bE5rCmitE]:气压计earthquake[5E:Wkweik]:地震PoemsAGirl(EzraPound)女孩这是一首意象派诗歌它所以耐人寻味,原因在于它给读者提供了广阔的想象空间诗既不是对客观现象的机械反映,也不会直接将主观感情溢于字面,正因为诗具有“描写心灵”的特点,所以要求欣赏者运用想象、联想等方法,调动自己的情感去理解、__、体味,从而产生强烈共鸣,这样即是对诗歌的“再创造”ThetreehasenteredmyhandsThesaphasas__ndedmyarmsThetreehasgrowninmybreast--DownwardThebranchesgrowoutofmelikearms.TreeyouareMossyouareYouarevioletswithwindabovethem.Achild-sohigh-youareAndallthisisfollytotheworld.ByEzraPoundsap[sAp]:树液as__nd[E5send]:togoormoveupward;rise进入上升moss[mCs]:苔藓violet[5vaiElit]:紫罗兰folly[5fCli]:anactorinstan__offoolishness荒唐EzraPound1885-1972isgenerallyconsideredthepoetmostresponsiblefordefiningandpromotingamodernistaestheticinpoetry.HeopenedaseminalexchangeofworkandideasbetweenBritishandAmericanwritersandwasfamousforthegenerosity.HisownsignificantcontributionstopoetrybeginwithhispromulgationofI__gi__amovementinpoetrywhichderiveditstechniquefromclassicalChineseandJapanesepoetry-stressingclarityprecisionandeconomyoflanguageandforegoingtraditionalrhymeandmeterinordertoinPoundswords.HislaterworkfornearlyfiftyyearsfocusedontheencyclopedicepicpoemheentitledTheCantos.埃兹拉·庞德(1885-1972)美国诗人参与发动“意象主义”运动,提倡以鲜明、准确、含蓄、凝练的意象表现具体事物庞德是英美现代诗坛一位巨将他谙熟古今,善于旁搜博采,撷取各国文明之长以为己用他的诗作突出地体现出古希腊、古意大利、古英诗以及法国中世纪普罗旺斯诗歌传统的影响曾将整个西方的视野扩展到远东(翻译过中国古诗)[译文]这树透入我的手顺着血液蔓延扎根在我的胸膛扩散穿透肉体,又将我缠绕——手臂一样你是树又是苔癣你是柔风中的紫罗兰你只是个孩子啊,却让我仰视这一切,在这个世界里显得多么荒诞Alltheworldsastage(WilliamShakespeare)整个世界是座舞台全世界是一个舞台,所有男男女女都不过是一个演员;他们都有下场的时候,也都有上场的时候,他的表演可以分为七个时期Alltheworld’sastageAndallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.Theyh__etheirexitsandtheirentran__s;Andone__ninhistimeplays__nypartsHisactsbeingsevenages.AtfirsttheinfantMewlingandpukinginthenurse’sarms.Andthenthewhiningschool-boywithhissatchelAndshiningmorningfa__creepinglikesnailUnwillinglytoschool.AndthentheloverSighinglikefurna__withawoefulballad__detohismistress’eyebrow.Thenasol___rFullofstrangeoathsandbeardedlikethepard;JealousinhonoursuddenandquickinquarrelSeekingthebubblereputationEveninthecannon’smouth.Andthenthejusti__InfairroundbellywithgoodcaponlinedWitheyessevereandbeardoffor__lcutFullofwisesawsandmoderninstan__s;Andsoheplayshispart.ThesixthageshiftsIntotheleanandslipper’dpantaloonWithspectaclesonnoseandpouchonside;Hisyouthfulhosewells__edaworldtoowideForhisshrunkshank;andhisbig__nlyvoi__TurningagaintowardchildishtreblepipesAndwhistlesinhissound.Lasts__neofallThatendsthisstrangeeventfulhistoryIssecondchildishnessandmereoblivionSansteethsanseyessanstastesanseverything.Ex__rptedfromAsYouLikeActii.Sc.7byWilliamShakespeareinfant[5infEnt]:婴儿mewl[mju:l]:tocryweakly;whimper啜泣puke[pju:k]:呕吐whining:尖声哭叫satchel[5sAtFEl]:书包小背包snail[sneil]:aslow-movinglazyorsluggishperson蜗牛迟钝的人pard[pB:d]:豹bubble[5bQbl]:afantasticorimpracticableideaorbelief;anillusion泡沫幻想的计划belly[5beli]:腹部胃capon[5keipEn]:公鸡尤指养肥供食用的slipper’d:Wearingslipperspantaloon[7pAntE5lu:n]:傻老头裤子spectacles[5spektEkElz]:眼镜pouch[pautF]:小袋烟草袋hose[hEuz]:长筒袜shrunk:shrink的过去分词;收缩使皱缩缩短shank[FANk]:胫腿骨treble[5trebl]:尖利的声音或嗓音oblivion[E5bliviEn]:theconditionorqualityofbeingcompletelyforgotten遗忘湮没sans[sE]:without没有WilliamShakespeare1564-1616wastheplaywrightthebestpoetthateverlivedinEngland.Shakespeare’splayscommunicateaprofoundknowledgeofthewellspringsofhu__nbeh__iorrevealedthroughportrayalsofawidevarietyofcharacters.Heleftbehindamultitudeof__sterpie__sincluding37playsand156sonnets.__nyofhisplaysarestillperformedandfrequentlyadaptedtomovies.威廉·莎士比亚,16世纪后半叶17世纪初英国最著名的作家(本·琼斯称他为“时代的灵魂”),也是欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者他共写有37部戏剧,154首14行诗,两__诗和其他诗歌14行诗多采用连续性的组诗形式,主题是歌颂友谊和爱情莎士比亚被___誉为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”[译文]大千世界是个舞台,所有男男女女不外是戏子;各有登场和退场,一生扮演着那么些角色,七样年龄分七幕首先是婴儿,在奶妈怀中啼哭着、呕吐着接着是狼嚎着的小学生,背者书包,挂着洁亮晨光的面孔,象蜗牛般勉强爬行上学跟着是情人,息得象熔炉,专为情妇的娥眉作悲歌随后是士兵,胡子象豹的,满是新奇的骂人话,吵架时鲁莽冲动,却热衷荣誉,追求那泡沫的名声连火炮口也不怕然后是法官,那好圆的肚子用上等的阉鸡填满,眼色严峻,胡须正经,多的是智慧的格言、日常的事例演着自己第六样年龄化作瘦削的、穿便鞋的傻老头,鼻子戴眼镜,身边挂钱袋;年的裤,好好的储存了,已太宽松,合收缩了的小腿;雄壮的嗓子转向小孩的高音,听来象打呼哨最后的一场戏结束这变化莫测的戏剧的一场是再来的幼稚、全然的健忘,没牙齿、没眼力、没口味、没一切Sonnet18(WilliamShakespeare)十四行诗ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sdayThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:Roughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsof__yAndsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate.Sometimetoohottheeyeofhe__enshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;AndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclinesBychan__ornatureschangingcourseuntrimed:ButthyeternalsummershallnotfadeNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshadeWhenineternallinestotimethougrow’stSolongasmencanbreatheoreyescanseeSolonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.ByWilliamShakespearethee:olduseorpoetico__ectivecaseofthouthouart:olduseyouarelease:allottedtimedate:durationtheeyeofhe__en:i.e.thesunfairfromfair:beautifulthingfrombeautyBychan__:byfortunegoodorillcourse:orderorpro__ssuntrimmed:strippedofitsbeautythy:possessivecaseofthoufairthouow’st:beautyyouownbrag:bragthateternallines:linesofimmortalversetotimethougrow’st:yougrowaslongastimelaststhis:i.e.mypoetrylife:immortality[译文]能否把你比作夏日的璀璨?你却比炎夏更可爱温存;狂风摧残五月花蕊娇妍,夏天匆匆离去毫不停顿苍天明眸有时过于灼热,金色脸容往往蒙上阴翳;一切优美形象不免褪色,偶然摧残或自然地老去而你如仲夏繁茂不凋谢,秀雅风姿将永远翩翩;死神无法逼你气息奄奄,你将永生于不朽诗篇只要人能呼吸眼不盲,这诗和你将千秋流芳Fog(CarlSandburg)雾Thefogcomesonlittlecatfeet.Itsitslookingoverharborandcityonsilenthaunchesandthenmoveson.ByCarlSandburgCarlSandburg1878–1967Americanpoetandbiographerb.GalesburgIll.In1902hewenttoworkasanewspaper__ninMilwaukee.SandburglatermovedtoChicagowherehecontinuedhisjournali__careerbecomingin1917aneditorialwriterfortheChicagoDailyNews.HispoetryfirstbegantoattractattentioninHarrietMonroe’s__gazinePoetry.Withtheappearan__ofhisChicagoPoems1916Cornhuskers1918__okeandSteel1920andSlabsoftheSunburntWest1922hisreputationwasestablished.—continueatColumbiaEncyclopediaSixthEdition.卡尔.桑德堡著名美国诗人、历史学家和传记作家曾获得普利策奖金等多种文学奖主要作品有《芝加哥诗集》,著名传记《林肯传》[译文]飘过来的雾,像小猫般轻盈迈步坐在港口城市上空,四周环顾悄悄躬一下腰,又开始赶路……FirstFig(EdnaSt.Vin__ntMillay)第一颗无花果在米莱创作了许多优美的抒情诗中,她的被引用最频繁的一首诗是《从蓟上摘下的几颗无花果》1920一书中的《第一颗无花果》MycandleburnsatbothendsItwillnotlastthenightButahmyfoesandohmyfriendsItgivesalovelylight.ByEdnaSt.Vin__ntMillayharbor[5hB:bE]:海港haunch[hC:ntF]:腰foe[fEu]:anadversary;anopponent__者敌人fig[fi^]:无花果EdnaSt.Vin__ntMillay1__2一l950bornin1892inMainegrewtobecomeoneofthepremiertwentieth-__nturylyricpoets.Shewasalsoanaccomplishedplaywrightandspeakerwhooftentouredgivingreadingsofherpoetry.Allofthatwasinherpubliclifebutherprivatelifewasequallyinteresting.Anunconventionalchildhoodledintoanunconventional_____hood.Shewasanacknowledgedbi___ualwhocarriedon__nyaffairswithwomenanaffectionforwhichissometimesevidentinherpoemsandplays.埃德娜.圣文森特.米莱生于缅因州孩童时期便给一本儿童__《圣尼古拉斯》投稿1923年她因《“用竖琴编织的人”和其它诗篇》获普利兹诗歌奖在很多人的心目中,埃德娜.圣文森特.米莱代表__年代新的解放了的女性[译文]我的蜡烛燃两头夜未央,已烧光;哦,我的敌与友─它发出多美的光!TheRoadNotTaken(RobertFrost)未选择的路我们也会时时站在人生的交叉路口,不知道该做出怎样的选择是走一条大家都走过的平坦的路,还是选择那条很少有人踩过小道的呢?不同的选择导致不同的人生轨迹和命运,这需要你自己慢慢去领悟TworoadsdivergedinayellowwoodAndsorryIcouldnottr__elbothAndbeonetr__elerlongIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;ThentooktheotherasjustasfairAndh__ingperhapsthebetterclaimBecauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;ThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesameAndboththatmorningequallylayInle__esnostephadtroddenblack.OhIkeptthefirstforanotherday!YetknowinghowwayleadstowayIdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.Ishallbe____ingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshen__:TworoadsdivergedinawoodandI—Itooktheonelesstr__eledbyAndthathas__deallthedifferen__.ByRobertFrostdiverge[]:道路等分叉lay:toputorsetdowntrodden:tread的过去分词;踏行走踩碎践踏FrostRobert1874-1963ahomespunAmericanpoetwhosepoetryissetamidthenaturalbeautyofruralNewEnglandandconveysawiderangeofemotionsinaconciseanddirect__nner.FrostwonthePulitzerPrizeinpoetryfourtimes192419311937and1943andbecameknownacrossthecountrywhenherecitedhispoem“TheGiftOutright”atPresidentJohnF.Kennedy’sinaugurationinJanuary
1961.Frost’spoemsareeasytoreadbutonehastoreadbeyondthelinestounderstandtheirunderlyingmeanings.罗伯特.弗罗斯特1874一1963的诗歌备受喜爱,原因之一是未受过多少学校教育的人都看得懂他坚持使用日常语言,描写自己观察入微的日常__弗罗斯特的许多诗歌反映了他与大自然的贴近他通过自然来表达一种象征意义,而不是什么田园式的思乡情调《未选择的路》是弗罗斯特的一首名诗,作于1915年[译文]黄叶林中出条岔路,无奈一人难于兼顾,顺着一条婉蜒小路,久久伫立极目远眺,只见小径拐进灌木接着选择了另一条,同样清楚似乎更好,引人__铺满茂草,踏在其间难分彼此,尽管它们都被踩过清晨里躺着两条路,一样落叶无人踏黑,愿将第一条来日补,但知条条相连远途,怀疑日后怎能回返在很久以后某一地,我将叹息诉说于人,两路岔开在树林里,我选的那条足迹稀,而一切差别由此起StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening(RobertFrost)风雪夜林边停《风雪夜林边停》是一首著名的诗歌写的是雪夜美景?还是守诺如一?而或是人生不得不往前行?不同的读者会有完全不同的理解按照文学批评中“接受美学”的观点,每个个体接受诗歌的信息和理解各不相同WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknowHishouseisinthevillagethough.HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.HegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake.TheonlyothersoundsthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake.ThewoodsarelovelydarkanddeepButIh__epromisestokeepAndmilestogobeforeIsleepAndmilestogobeforeIsleep.ByRobertFrostqueer[kwiE]:deviatingfromtheexpectedornor__l;strange奇怪的由queer组成的词组,inqueerstreet表示“负债”、“在困难中”farmhouse农舍农家harness[5hB:nis]:全套马具系在身上的绳子downy[5dauni]:绒毛的柔和的flake[fleik]:薄片v.使成薄片剥落雪片般落下[译文]我想我知道谁是这林子的主人,他的家在村子那一头他不会想到,我竟在这里停伫,只为看那树林里面雪落霏霏我那小马一定会感到奇怪,为何在这里停下,悄无人迹这边是树林,那边是冰冻的湖,又是在这一年中最暗的黄昏他摇了下颈上的铃铛,似乎问我有何异常没有其他的声音,只有微风,卷着鹅毛似的雪花,沙沙地拂过静谧的树林,深邃幽暗,我虽向往,可是我还得如约向前赶安睡之前仍然长路漫漫,安睡之前仍然长路漫漫SheWalksinBeauty(GeorgeGordonByron)她走在美的光彩中她走在美的光彩中,像夜晚;皎洁无云而且繁星满天有人理解为赞美爱人的美丽,有的人则认为是一种意境的呈现无论从什么角度去欣赏它,这首诗都那么的美,那么的打动人心诵读时注意诗歌的用韵,每行结尾压韵的单词要重读ShewalksinbeautylikethenightOfcloudlessclimesandstarryskies;AndallthatsbestofdarkandbrightMeetinheraspectandhereyes:ThusmellowdtothattenderlightWhichhe__entogaudydaydenies.ByGeorgeGordonByronclime[klaim]:气候;地方mellow[5melEu]:softsweetjuicyandfull-fl__ored柔和、柔软的、甜蜜的;芳醇的mellowd=mellowedmellowd是古英语拼法tender[5tendE]:温柔的柔嫩的gaudy[5^C:di]:afeastorfestival;calledalsogaud-dayhttp://dict.___.net/gaud%2dday/andgaudyday大学的___典;盛大招待会deny[di5nai]:togivearefusalto;turndownoraway拒绝GeorgeGordonByron1788-1824wasasfamousinhislifetimeforhispersonalitycultasforhispoetry.Hecreatedthecon__ptoftheByronichero-adefiantmelancholyyoung__nbroodingonsomemysteriousunforgivableeventinhispast.Byronsinfluen__onEuropeanpoetrymusicnoveloperaandpaintinghasbeenimmensealthoughthepoetwaswidelycondemnedonmoralgroundsbyhiscontemporaries.乔治·戈登·拜伦,英国浪漫时期的诗人拜伦从学生时代开始写诗,《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》(第
1、2章)是他的成名作《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》的第
3、4两章和未完成的巨著《唐璜》是他最著名的代表作 拜伦还写了一系列长篇叙事诗,如《异__》、《海盗》和7部诗剧,如《曼弗雷德》、《该隐》,以及许多抒情诗和讽刺诗,如《审判的幻景》他的诗歌在欧洲和中国都有很大的影响[参考译文]她走在美的光彩中,像夜晚皎洁无云而且繁星满天明与暗的最美妙的色泽在她的仪容与秋波里呈现彷佛是晨露映出的阳光但比那光亮柔和而幽暗September(HelenHuntJackson)九月九月是收获的季节累累的果实压弯了枝头Thegolden-rodisyellow;Thecornisturningbrown;ThetreesinappleorchardsWithfruitarebendingdown.ThegentiansbluestfringesArecurlinginthesun;IndustypodsthemilkweedItshiddensilkhasspun.ThesedgesflaunttheirharvestIneverymeadownook;Andastersbythebrook-side__keastersinthebrookFromdewylanesatmorningThegrapessweetodorsrise;AtnoontheroadsallflutterWithyellowbutterflies.ByalltheselovelytokensSeptemberdaysarehereWithsummersbestofweatherAndautumnsbestofcheer.ButnoneofallthisbeautyWhichfloodstheearthandairIsuntomethesecretWhich__kesSeptemberfair.TisathingwhichIremember;Tonameitthrillsmeyet:OnedayofoneSeptemberInevercanforget.ByHelenHuntJacksongolden-rod:秋麒麟草在
八、九月的开花期里,枝头会长满金黄色的小花它的树枝宛如金色的鞭子一般,这就是它的英文名字“黄金鞭”的由来orchard[5C:tFEd]:果园果园里的全部果树bend:弯曲gentiansbluestfringes:龙胆根的蓝蓝的须pod[pCd]:扁豆层豆荚milkweed[5mIlkwi:d]:乳草属植物spun[spQn]:spin的过去式和过去分词;旋转纺纺纱sedge[sedV]:[植]莎草flaunt[flC:nt]:tow__egrandly挥动飘扬nook[nuk]:隐蔽处aster[5AstE]:[植]紫苑flutter[5flQtE]:鼓翼飞舞Atnoontheroadsallflutterwithyellowbutterflies蝴蝶.HelenHuntJackson1830-1885wasapoetandwriterofchildren’sstoriesnovelsandessays.Herpoetrywastheoutflowofdeepsympatheticthoughtontheproblemoflife’strialsandtemptations.Herverseswerestrongandnoblenevergivingattentiontomereprettinessofverse.Oneofherearlyworks“BitsofTr__el”revealedthehumoroussideofhernature.Withfriendlymerrimentshedescribeshu__nnature.Asexpressedinherdevastatingcritici__soffederalIndianpolicyandwhite-IndianrelationsinA__nturyofDishonorandthenovelRamonaHelenHuntJacksonwasoneofthemostinfluentialdefendersofNativeAmericanrightsinlate19th-__nturyAmerica.海伦·亨特·杰克逊是位多产的女作家,主要以同情印第安人、维护印第安人利益的作品为人们喜爱QuietGirl(LangstonHughes)恬静的女孩《恬静的女孩》是一首非常有趣的短诗,本诗的前三行说“我想把你比做没有星星的夜晚,要不是你的眼睛”事实上,__把姑娘的美目比作夜空的明星;后三行说“我想把你比做无梦的睡眠,要不是你的歌声”其实是形容姑娘甜美的歌声宛如天籁,让人如痴如醉用反衬的手法写出了恬静姑娘的风采她平静如水,明眸善睐;她轻柔如歌,使人心醉……IwouldlikenyouToanightwithoutstarsWereitnotforyoureyes.IwouldlikenyouToasleepwithoutdreamsWereitnotforyoursongs.ByLangstonHughesLangstonHughes1902-1967wasanAfrican-AmericanpoetnovelistandplaywrightwhobecameoneoftheforemostinterpretersofracialrelationshipsintheUnitedStates.Influen__dbytheBibleW.E.B.DuBoisandWaltWhit__nHughesdepictedrealisticallytheordinarylivesofblackpeople.Heusedhispoetrynovelsplaysandessaystochampionhispeopleandvoi__hiscon__rnsaboutra__andsocialjusti__.__nyofhispoemswritteninrhythmicallanguageh__ebeensettomusic.兰斯顿.休斯,现代美国最杰出的黑人诗人他的诗大多是表现黑人群众的思想感情的他的诗歌,散文和戏剧对哈莱姆文艺复兴做出了重要贡献他最著名的作品包括《消沉的蓝色》和《白人的方式》[译文]我想把你比作没有星星的夜晚,要不是你的眼睛我想把你比作无梦的睡眠,要不是你的歌声MyPeople(LangstonHughes)我的人民ThenightisbeautifulSothefa__sofmypeople.ThestarsarebeautifulSotheeyesofmypeople.Beautifulalsoisthesun.BeautifulalsoarethesoulsofmypeopleLangstonHughesByLangstonHughesLiken:常与to连用,表示“把……比做”的意思Were:wereitnotfor是典型的虚拟语气,它的另外一种形式是Ifitwerenotfor,表示“如果不是……”的意思与事实相反,是一种假设的状况其中的动词用过去时 [译文]夜色美丽,我的人民的面孔亦美丽群星美丽,我的人民的眼睛亦美丽太阳也美丽我的人民的心灵也美丽DoYouFeartheWind(HamlinGarland)你可害怕寒风凛冽?这首诗注重格律,讲究韵脚,是历来传唱的经典之一Doyoufearthefor__ofthewindTheslashoftherainGofa__themandfightthemBes__ageagain.GohungryandcoldlikethewolfGowadelikethecrane:ThepalmsofyourhandswillthickenTheskinofyourcheekwilltanYoullgrowraggedandwearyandswarthyButyoullwalklikea__n!ByHamlinGarlandslash[slAF]:抽打s__age[5s__idV]:notcivilized;barbaric野蛮的凶猛的palm[pB:m]:手掌tan[tAn]:晒黑晒成褐色weary[5wiEri]:causingfatigue;tiresome疲倦的厌倦的swarthy[5swC:Ti]:h__ingadarkcomplexionorcolor.黑黝黝的浅黑的HamlinGarland1860-1940aAmericannovelistshort-storywriterpoetessayistandmemoiristaugmentedlocal-colorwritingbythenewnaturalistictechniquesthatcombinedreali__withasenseoftheindividualsoverwhelmingstruggleagainstahostileenviro__ent.哈姆林·加兰,美国小说家,生于威斯康星州,早年曾在爱阿华州和南达科他州住过作品多以现实主义手法反映美国中西部农民的生活[译文]你可害怕寒风凛冽你可畏惧大雨滂沱去迎着风雨努力拼搏还你原始本色像狼一样去经受饥寒像鹤一般去跋涉河川你的手掌变得厚实粗壮你的脸庞晒得古铜发亮你会变得衣衫褴褛,皮肤黝黑,疲惫不堪,但你步履沉稳,是个堂堂男子汉!SpringSong(WilliamBlake)春歌布莱克的诗读起来朗朗上口,有音乐的美感,充满感性,喜欢的人很多SpringiscomingspringiscomingBir___sbuildyournest;We__etogetherstrawandfeatherDoingeachyourbest.SpringiscomingspringiscomingFlowersarecomingtoo:PansiesliliesdaffodilliesNowarecomingthrough.SpringiscomingspringiscomingAllaroundisfairShimmerandquiverontheriverJoyiseverywhere.ByWilliamBlakestraw[strC:]:稻草麦杆pansiesliliesdaffodillies:三色紫罗兰百合花喇叭水仙花shimmer[5FimE]:微光quiver[5kwivE]:颤抖振动WilliamBlake1757-1827wasaBritishpoetpaintervisionarymysticandengr__erwhoillustratedandprintedhisownbooks.Blakeproclaimedthesupre__cyofthei__ginationovertherationali__and__teriali__ofthe18th-__ntury.HismostfamouspoemTheTygerwaspartofhisSongsofExperien__.FamousamonghisPropheticBooksareTheBookofThelThe__rriageofHe__enandHellTheBookofUrizenAmericMiltonandJerusalem.InthePropheticBooksBlakeexpressedhislifelongcon__rnwiththestruggleofthesoultofreeitsnaturalenergiesfromreasonandorganizedreligion.布莱克,英国诗人,著有诗集《天真与经验之歌》、《先知书》、《伐拉,或四天神》等[译文]春天来了春天来了:野鸟们筑巢罢以稻草和羽毛尽力的筑巢罢!春天来了春天来了:百合紫罗兰以及水仙都把头探出来了!春天来了,春天来了:一切都如意了河面上闪亮着黄金啊,到处都是欢欣ThoseWinterSundays(RobertHayden)冬天的星期日这是一首写父子关系的诗歌父亲即使是星期天也闲不住,早早起来生了火,却没有人感谢他他的工作那样的辛劳,免不了会声音粗,脾气大;但父亲的爱却是永远的这首诗像一面镜子,照出孩子气的不懂事的你我Sundaystoomyfathergotupearlyandputhisclothesonintheblueblackcoldthenwithcrackedhandsthatachedfromlaborintheweekdayweather__debankedfiresblaze.Nooneeverthankedhim.Idwakeandhearthecoldsplinteringbreaking.WhentheroomswerewarmhedcallandslowlyIwouldriseanddressfearingthechronicangersofthathousespeakingindifferentlytohimwhohaddrivenoutthecoldandpolishedmygoodshoesaswell.WhatdidIknowwhatdidIknowoflovesaustereandlonelyoffi__sByRobertHaydenblueblack这里有两种理解;一种理解认为是指黎明破晓之前天空的颜色,另一种认为是指肤色,因为__是非裔美国人cracked[krAkt]:破碎的破裂的blaze[bleiz]:toburnwithabrightflame燃烧splinter:[]裂成碎片__chronic[5krCnik]:lastingforalongperiodoftimeor__rkedbyfrequentrecurren__慢性的延续很长的polish[5pCliF]:擦亮austere[Cs5tiE]:severeorsternindispositionorappearan__;somberandgr__e严峻的严厉的RobertHayden1913-1980wasthefirstAfrican-AmericantobeappointedConsultantinPoetrytotheLibraryofCongressapositionnowtitledtheU.S.PoetLaureate.Hewonnumerousprizesandawardsduringthelastdecadeofhislifeincludingthe1975FellowshipfromtheAcademyofAmericanPoetsfordistinguishedpoeticachievement.HaydenstandsoutamongTwentieth__nturyAmericanpoetsnotjustforhis__nyliteraryaccomplishmentsbutforthestrongvisionoffaiththatilluminatessomuchofhiswork.罗伯特·海顿美国现代诗人这首诗充满了对父亲关爱的愧疚之情诗中选取了许多容易被人们忽视的生活细节读来亲切感人[译文]父亲星期日还要早起 穿上蓝黑冰凉的衣服 忍着疼痛用一双 每日劳作磨破的手 生起炉火没有人感谢过他 我醒来听到寒冷的木材碎裂 __暖了父亲开始叫我 我慢慢爬起穿上衣服 生怕听到家里常有的呵斥声 父亲驱走了严寒 擦好了我的新鞋 却听到了我冷漠的话语 我何曾知晓何曾知晓 爱的处所寒冷又孤独 ToDaffodils(RobertHerrick)咏黄水仙花FairDaffodilsweweeptoseeYouhasteawaysosoon;Asyettheearly-risingsunHasnotattaindhisnoon.StaystayUntilthehastingdayHasrunButtotheeven-song;Andh__ingpraydtogetherweWillgowithyoualong.Weh__eshorttimetostayasyou;Weh__easshortaspring;AsquickagrowthtomeetdecayAsyouoranything.We___AsyourhoursdoanddryAwayLiketothesummersrainOrasthepearlsofmorningsdewNeertobefoundagain.ByRobertHerrickhaste[heist]:rapidityofactionormotion匆忙急忙attaind=attainedRobertHerrick1591-1674wasborninLondonin
1591.Thesonofagold__ithhewasapprenti__dtohisunclealsoagold__ithbutwenttoTrinityHallCambridgeattheageof
22.Herrickwroteonanumberofthemes.Mostfamouslyontheattributesofyoungwomenbutalsoonrurallifereligiousthemesandinhislaterlifeonhisapproachingdeath.__nyofhispoemsalsocon__rnthemselveswith‘__kingmuchoftime’orcarpe___msiezethedayas__defamousinthefilmDeadPoetsSociety.罗伯特·哈里克,英国诗人三十六岁时以国教教士身份布道,同时勤奋写诗,直至__1648年出版诗集《金苹果园》,共收诗作一千多首[译文]优美的黄水仙,凋谢的太快,我们感觉着悲哀;连早晨出来的太阳都还没有上升到天盖停下来停下来,等匆忙的日脚跑进黄昏的木暮霭;在那时共同祈祷着,在回家的路上徘徊我们也只有短暂的停留,青春的易逝堪忧;我们方生也就方死,和你们一样,一切都要罢休你们谢了,我们也要去了,如同夏雨之骤,或如早上的露珠,永无痕迹可求HopeIstheThingwithFeathers(Emily____inson)希望长着羽毛HopeisthethingwithfeathersThatperchesinthesoulAndsingsthetunewithoutthewordsAndneverstopsatall.Andsweetestinthegaleisheard;AndsoremustbethestormThatcouldabashthelittlebirdThatkeptso__nywarm.I’vehearditinthechillestlandAndonthestrangestsea;YetneverinextremityItaskedacrumbofme.ByEmily____inson____insonEmilyElizabeth1830-1886America’sbest-knownfe__lepoetandoneoftheforemostauthorsinAmericanliterature.____inson’ssimplyconstructedyetintenselyfeltacutelyin____ectualwritingstakeastheirsu__ectissuesvitaltohu__nity:theagoniesandecstasiesoflove___ualitytheunfatho__blenatureofdeaththehorrorsofwarGodandreligiousbelieftheimportan__ofhumorandmusingsonthesignifican__ofliteraturemusicandart.美国隐士女诗人,写过一千七百多首令人耳目一新的短诗,大都是在她死后发表的诗风独特,以文字细腻、观察敏锐、意象突出著称题材方面多半是自然、死亡、和永生,并把深邃的思想融入间断的诗句中她的抒情短诗多用四行诗体写成[译文]希望长着羽毛栖在灵魂里,唱着无词的乐曲,从来不停息风越大声越甜;寻常的风暴休想嚇倒这双温暖众生的小鸟我曾听她在最寒帶最陌生的海上;却从不因为潦倒向我乞讨丝毫ARedRedRoseRobertBurns一朵红红的玫瑰OmyluveislikearedredroseThatsnewlysprunginJune;Omyluveislikethemelo___Thatssweetlyplayedintune.AsfairthouartmybonielassSodeepinluveamI;AndIwillluvetheestillmydearTillatheseasgangdry.TillatheseagangdrymydearAndtherockmeltwithesun;AndIwillluvetheestillmydearWhilethesandsolifeshallrun.AndfaretheeweelmyonlyluveAndfaretheeweelawhile;AndIwillcomeagainmyluveThositweretenthousandmile!ByRobertBurnsRobertBurns1759-1796wasafamouspoet.MostofBurnspoemswerewritteninScotsanortherndialectofEnglish.Theydocumentand__lebratetraditionalScottishcultureexpressionsoffarmlifeandclassandreligiousdistinctions.Burnswroteinavarietyofforms:epistlestofriendsballadsandsongs.Hisbest-knownpoemisthemock-heroicTamoShanter.Heisalsowellknownfortheoverthreehundredsongshewrotewhich__lebratelovefriendshipworkanddrinkwithoftenhilariousandtendersympathy.EventodayheisoftenreferredtoastheNationalBardofScotland.罗伯特·伯恩斯,18世纪的苏格兰诗人[译文]啊,我爱人象一朵红红的玫瑰,它在六月里初开;啊,我爱人象一支乐曲,它美妙地演奏起来 你是那么漂亮,美丽的姑娘,我爱你是那么深切;我会一直爱你,亲爱的,一直到四海枯竭 一直到四海枯竭,亲爱的,到太阳把岩石烧化;我会一直爱你,亲爱的,只要生命之流不绝再见吧,我唯一的爱人,让我和你小别片刻;我会回来的,亲爱的,即使我们万里相隔OCaptain!MyCaptainWalterWhit__n哦,船长!我的船长!OCaptain!MyCaptain!OurfearfultripisdoneTheshiphasweatherdeveryracktheprizewesoughtiswonTheportisnearthebellsIhearthepeopleallexultingWhilefolloweyesthesteadykeelthevesselgrimanddaring;ButOheart!heart!heart!Othebleedingdropsofred!WhereonthedeckmyCaptainliesFallencoldanddead.OCaptain!myCaptain!riseupandhearthebells;Riseup-foryoutheflagisflung-foryouthebugletrillsForyoubouquetsandribbondwreaths-foryoutheshorescrowdingForyoutheycalltheswaying__sstheireagerfa__sturing;HereCaptain!dearfather!Thisarmbeneathyourhead;ItissomedreamthatonthedeckYouvefallencoldanddead.MyCaptaindoesnotanswerhislipsarepaleandstillMyfatherdoesnotfeelmyarmhehasnopulsenorwill;Theshipisanchordsafeandsounditsvoyageclosedanddone;Fromfearfultripthevictorshipcomesinwitho__ectwon;ExultOshores!andringObells!ButIwithmourfultreadWalkthedeckmycaptainliesFallencoldanddead.ByWaltWhit__nkeel[ki:l]:龙骨船的脊骨平底船bugle[5__u:^l]:喇叭军号trill[tril]:颤声抖音啭声[译文]啊!般长!我的船长!可怕的航程已完成;这船历尽风险,企求的目标已达成港口在望,钟声响,人们在欢欣千万双眼睛注视着船——平稳,勇敢,坚定但是痛心啊!痛心!痛心!瞧一滴滴鲜红的血!甲板上躺着我的船长,他倒下去,冰冷,永别啊,船长!我的船长!起来吧,倾听钟声;起来吧,号角为您长鸣,旌旗为您高悬迎接您,多少花束花圈——候着您,千万人峰拥岸边;他们向您高呼,拥来挤去,仰起殷切的脸;啊,船长!亲爱的父亲!我的手臂托着您的头!莫非是一场梦在甲板上您倒下去,冰冷,永别我的船长不作声,嘴唇惨白,毫不动弹;我的父亲没感到我的手臂,没有脉搏,没有遗言;船舶抛锚停下,平安抵达;船程终了;历经难险返航,夺得胜利目标啊,岸上钟声齐鸣,啊,人们一片欢腾!但是,我在甲板上,在船长身旁,心悲切,步履沉重;因为他倒下去,冰冷,永别MoviesASelectionfromMr.Holland’sOpusSynopsisMrHolland’dOpus1995isamovieaboutMrHollandRichardDreyfusswhodreamsofcomposinghisowngreatsymphonybutinsteadspendsallhistimeteachingandinspiringhisstudentswithhisownloveofmusicwhileneglectingtheneedsofhisowndeaf-muteson.GertrudeLangwasMrHolland’sformerstudentinhismusicclasswhothroughhisprofoundinfluen__hasbecomethegovernorofastate.Nowshe’saddressingattheendofthefilmalargeassemblygivenbyMrHolland’sformerstudentstoshowtheirgratitudetohim.GertrudeLangMy-MyapologiesformytardinessanduhPrincipleWaltersI’dliketoknow.YesIbroughtanoteformymother.MrHollandhadaprofoundinfluen__onmylifeonalotoflivesIknow.AndyetIgetthefeelingthatheconsidersagreatpartofhisownlifemisspent.Rumorhadithewasalwaysworkingonthissymphonyofhisandthiswasgoingto__kehimfamousrich-probablyboth.ButMrHollandisn’trichandheisn’tfamousatleastnotoutsideofourlittletown.Soitmightbeeasyforhimtothinkhimselfafailure.AndhewouldbewrongbecauseIthinkhe’sachievedasuc__ssfarbeyondrichesandfame.Lookaroundyou.Thereisnotalifeinthisroomthatyouh__enottouched.Andeachofusisabetterpersonbecauseofyou.WeareyoursymphonyMrHolland.Wearethemelo___sandthenotesofyouropus.Andwearethemusicofyourlife.MrHollandwewouldnowlivetogivesomethingbacktoyoutoyouandyourwifewhoalongwithyouhaswaited30yearsforwhatweareabouttohear.Ifyouwillwouldyoupleasecomeuphereandtakethisbatonandleadusinthefirstperfor__n__everof“TheAmericanSymphony”byGlennHolland.tardiness[`tB:dInIs]:缓慢melody[5melEdi]:悦耳的音调ASelectionfromS__ntofaWo__nSynopsisAheart-wrenchingandheartwarmingcomedyS__ntofaWo__n1992portraysthefriendshipbetweenCharlieSimmsayoungandinno__ntscholarshipstudentandFrankSladeAlPacinoablindretiredarmyoffi__rheishiredtolookafter.Thetwoh__egrownclosetoeachothersomuchthattheelderthroughhisoratorypowers__estheyoungerfromexpulsionfromhisschoolforwhathedidn’tdo.Thisisbestshowninthefollowings__ne.S=Lt.ColonelFrankSlade;T=MrTraskthehead__sterofBairdSchoolS:Thisissuchacrockof____.T:PleasewatchyourlanguageMr.SladeyouareintheBairdschoolnotabarracks.Mr.SimmsIwillgiveyouonefinalopportunitytospeakup.S:Mr.Simmsdoesn’twantit.Hedoesntneedtobelabeled“stillworthyofbeingaBaird__n.”WhatthehellisthatWhatisyourmottohere“Boysinformonyourclas__atess__eyourhideanythingshortofthatwe’regoingtoburnyouatthestake’Wellgentlemenwhenthe____hitsthefansomeguysrunandsomeguysstay.Here’sCharliefacingthefireandthere’sGeorgehidinginbigdaddy’spocket.AndwhatareyoudoingYou’regoingtorewardGeorgeanddestroyCharlie.T:AreyoufinishedMr.SladeS:NoI’mjustgettingwarmedup.Idon’tknowwhowenttothispla__.WilliamHowardTaftWilliamJenningsBrideWilliam____whoever.Theirspiritisdeadiftheyeverhadoneit’sgone.Youarebuildingaratshiphere.Avesselforseagoingsnitches.Andifyouthinkyou’repreparingtheseminnowsfor__nhoodyoubetterthinkagain.BecauseIsayyouarekillingtheveryspiritthisinstitutionproclaimsitinstills.Whatasham.WhatkindofashowareyouputtingonheretodayImeantheonlyclassinthisactissittingnexttomeandI’mhereto____youthatthisboy’ssoulisintact.It’snon-negotiableandyouknowhowIknowSomeonehereandI’mnotgoingtosaywhoofferedtobuy.OnlyCharlieherewasn’tselling.T:Siryou’reoutoforder.S:I’llshowyououtoforder!Youdon’tknowwhatoutoforderisMr.Trask.I’dshowyoubutI’mtoooldI’mtootiredI’mtoo____ingblind.IfIwerethe__nIwasfiveyearsagoI’dtakeaflamethrowertothispla__!Outoforderwhothehellyouthinkyou’retalkingtoI’vebeenaroundyouknowTherewasatimeIcouldsee.AndIh__eseen.Boysliketheseyoungerthanthesetheirarmstornouttheirlegsrippedoff.Butthatisnothinglikethesightofanamputatedspirit.Thereisnoprostheticforthat.Youthinkyou’remerelysendingthissplendidfootsol___rbackhometoOregonwithhistailbetweenhislegsButIsayyouareexecutinghissoul.AndwhyBecausehe’snotaBaird__n.Bairdmen.Youhurtthisboyyou’regonnabeBairdbumsthelotofyou.AndHarryJimmyTrentwhereveryouareoutthere____youtoo.T:StanddownMr.Slade.S:I’mnotfinished.AsIcameinhereIheardthosewords‘cradleofleadership’.Wellwhentheboughbreaksthecradlewillfallandithasfallenhereithasfallen!__kersofmencreatorsofleadersbecarefulwhatkindofleadersyou’reproducinghere.Idon’tknowifCharlie’ssilen__heretodayisrightorwrongI’mnotajudgeorjurybutIcan____youthishewon’tsellanybodyouttobuyhisfuture.Andthatmyfriendsiscalledintegrity.That’scalledcourage.Nowthat’sthestuffleadersshouldbe__deof.TheScriptofTeachersArePeople-aWaltDisneyGoofyShortBackgroundAspartofWaltDisneyTreasuresDVDseriesTheCompleteGoofytra__sthestardomofagentleinno__ntcharacterofMickeyMouse’sretinue.Watchingandlisteningtothosecartoonshortswill__rtainlybringbackourfondchildhoodmemories.Todaymorethaneverbeforeeducationisplayinganimportantroleintheteachingofchildren.Theschoolhasbecomeavitalpartofeverycommunitydrawingchildrenfromeverywalkoflife.Thechildrenareeagertotakeadvantageofitsopportunitiesemergingfromtheirshelteredconfinesdippingeasilyintothehabitsofthestudent.Theyarecomingfromfarandnearstrugglingtowardsaneducationwhettingtheirappetitesforknowledgeformingfriendshipsforthefuture.Childishenergyletsnothingstandinitsway.Intheirtinyhandstheyholdthefuture.Thepersonuponwhosecapableshouldersreststheresponsibilityfortheireducationisthatunsungherotheteacher.Hemustbefairhonestunderstandingandin____igent.Hemusthandleeverysituationwiththeutmostdignity.Withacompleteunderstandingofhispupilstheexperien__dteacherequipshimselffortheclassroom.Thestudentseagerlyreturntotheclassroom.Youthfulmindsareencouragedtodeveloptheirlatenttalents.Ahyesthecreativeoutletsoftheartsandthecrafts.Testsandexaminationsfilloutthedayasbrightlittlemindsgatherknowledgeformtheirteacher.Butthelittlehands__kethetimepassquickly.Contrarytopopularbelieftheteacher’sworkisnotthroughattheendoftheschoolday.Ohno.There’re__nyunfinishedchores--blackboardstobecleanederasersdustedandofcoursetheever-presentparent-teacherrelationship.Soit’stothisgreatprofessionanditshallsoflearningthatwededicatethis.Whentheoccasionarisesthere’retimeswhendisciplinaryactionsmustbetaken.后记Singingbird(Ch.G.Rossetti)歌唱的小鸟当你背完了前面所有的经典文字,翻到了这一页,我们真诚的祝福你所取得的令人骄傲的成绩!和你__此时的幸福和喜悦,并呈上下面的小诗MyheartislikeasingingbirdWhosenestisinawater’dshoot;MyheartislikeanappletreeWhoseboughsarebentwiththick-setfruit.ByCh.G.RossettiChristina Georgina Rossetti1830-1__4wasapoetbestknownforherlyricalpoemsonthethemeofunhappyloveandloss.Shealsowrotereligiousandmeditativepoetryandverseforchildren.Amongherbest-knownworksareGoblin__rketandOtherPoemsandThePrin__sProgressshewassisterofthepoetandpainterD.G.RossettiandoftheartcriticW.M.Rossetti.____娜·罗塞蒂,英国“先拉菲尔派”女诗人,罗塞蒂早在少女时代就开始写诗,昔年曾被称作“伦敦第一才女”她喜好小诗在诗歌艺术上尤其是诗歌不规则韵式的运用上几乎达到了炉火纯青的境界[译文]我的心像一只歌唱的小鸟鸟巢筑在洒了水的嫩枝上;我的心像一棵苹果树,枝上挂满累累果实PAGE9。