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经济学专业术语中英文对照经济学专业术语(中英文对照)目录
151.经济学原理经济:economy稀缺性:scarcity经济学:economics效率:efficiency平等:equality机会成本:opporyunitycost理性人:rationalpeople边际变动:___rginalchange边际收益:___rginalbenefit边际成本:___rginalcost激励:in___ntive市场经济:___rketeconomy产权:propertyrights市场失灵:___rketfailure外部性:externality市场势力:___rketpower生产率:productivity通货膨胀:inflation经济周期:businesscycle
2.像经济学家一样思考循环流量图:circular-flowdiagram生产可能性边界:productionpossibilities微观经济学:microeconomics宏观经济学:___croeconomics实证表述:positivestatements规范表述:nor___tivestatements有序数对:orderedpair
3.相互依存性与贸易的好处绝对优势:absoluteadvantage机会成本:apportunitycost比较优势:parativeadvantage进口品:imports出口品:exports
4.供给与需求的市场力量市场:___rket竞争市场:petitive___rket需求量:quantityde___nd需求定理:lawofde___nd需求表:de___ndschedule需求曲线:de___ndcurve正常物品:nor___lgood低档物品:inferiorgood替代品:substitutes互补品:plements供给量:quantitysupplied供给定理:lawofsupply供给表:supplyschedule供给曲线:supplycurve均衡:equilibrium均衡___:equilibriumpri___均衡数量:equilibriumquantity过剩:surplus短缺:shortage供求定理:lawofsupplyandde___nd
5.弹性及其应用弹性:elasticity需求___弹性:pri___elasticityofde___nd总收益:totalrevenue需求收入弹性:ineelasticity需求的交叉___弹性:cross-pri___elasticity供给___弹性:pri___elasticityofsupply
6.供给需求与政策___上限:pri______iling___下限:pri___floor税收归宿:taxinciden___
7.消费者、生产者与市场效率福利经济学:welfareeconomics支付意愿:willingnesstopay消费者剩余:consumersurplus成本:cost生产者剩余:produ___rsurplus效率:efficiency平等:equality
8.赋税的应用无谓损失:deadweightloss
9.国际贸易世界___:worldpri___关税:tariff
10.外部性外部性:externality外部性内在化:internalizingtheexternality矫正税:correctivetaxes科斯定理:coasetheorem交易成本:transactioncost
11.公共物品和公共资源排他性:excludability消费中的竞争性:rivalryinconsumption私人物品:privategoods公共物品:publicgoods公共资源:monresour___s俱乐部物品:clubgoods搭便车者:freerider成本-收益分析:cost-benefit___ysis公地悲剧:tragedyofmons
12.税制设计纳税义务:taxlianility预算赤字:budgetdefict预算盈余:budgetsurplus平均税率:averagetaxrate边际税率:___rginaltaxrate定额税:lump-sumtax受益原则:benefitsprinciple支付能力原则:ability-to-payprinciple纵向平等:verticalequity横向平等:horizontalequity比例税:proportionaltax累退税:regressivetax累进税:progressivetax
13.生产成本总收益:totalrevenue总成本:totalcost利润:profit显性成本:explicitcosts隐性成本:implicitcosts经济利润:economicprofit会计利润:countingprofit生产函数:productionfunction边际产量:___rginalproduct边际产量递减:diminishing___rginalproduct固定成本:fixedcosts可变成本:variablecosts平均总成本:averagetotalcost平均固定成本:averagefixedcosts平均可变成本:averagevariablecosts边际成本:___rginalcost有效规模:efficientscale规模经济:economiesofscale规模不经济:diseconomiesofscale规模收益不变:constantreturnstoscale
14.竞争市场上的企业竞争市场:petitive___rket平均收益:averagerevenue边际收益:___rginalrevenue沉没成本:sunkrevenue
15.垄断垄断企业:monopoly自然垄断:naturalmonopoly___歧视:pri___discrimination
16.垄断竞争寡头:oligopoly垄断竞争:monopolisticpetition
17.寡头博弈论:gametheory勾结:collusion卡特尔:cartel纳什均衡:Nashequilibrium囚徒困境:prisoners’dilem___占优策略:dominantstrategy
18.生产要素市场生产要素:factorsofproduction生产函数:productionfunction劳动的边际产量:___rginalproductoflabor边际产量递减:diminishing___rginalproduct边际产量值:valueofthe___rginalproduct资本:capital
19.收入与歧视补偿性工资差别:pensatingdifferential人力资本:hu___ncapital工会:union___:strike效率工资:efficiency歧视:discrimination
20.收入不平等与贫困贫困率:povertyrate贫困率:povertyline实物转移支付:in-kindtransfers生命周期:lifecycle持久收入:per___nentine功利主义:utilitarian___效用:utilitarian___自由主义:liberali___最大最小准则:___ximincriterion负所得税:negativeinetax福利:welfare社会保险:socialinsuran___自由至上主义:libertariani___
21.消费者选择理论预算约束线:budgetconstraint无差异曲线:indiffernn___curve边际替代率:___rginalrateofsubtitution完全替代品:perfectsubstitudes完全互补品:perfectplements正常物品:nor___lgood低档物品:inferiorgood收入效应:ineeffect替代效应:substitutioneffect吉芬物品:Giffengood
22.微观经济学前沿道德风险:moralhazard代理人:agent委托人:principal逆向选择:adverseselection发___:signaling筛选:screening___经济学:politicaleconomy康多塞悖论:condor___tparadox阿罗不可能性定理:Arrow’simpossibility中值选民定理:medianvatertheorem行为经济学:behavioraleconomics
23.一国收入的衡量微观经济学:microeconomics宏观经济学:___croeconomics国内生产总值:grossdomesticproductGDP消费:consumption投资:investment______:gover___entpurchase净出口:export名义GDP:nominalGDP真实GDP:realGDPGDP平减指数:GDPdeflator
24.生活费用的衡量消费物价指数:consumerpri___indexCPI通货膨胀率:inflationrate生产物价指数:produerpri___indexPPI指数化:indexation生活费用津贴:cost-of-livingallowan___COLA名义利率:nominalinterestrate
25.生产与增长生产率:productivity物质资本:physicalcapital人力资本:hu___ncapital自然资源:naturalresour___s技术知识:technologicalknoeledge收益递减:diminishingreturns追赶效应:catch-upeffect
26.储蓄、投资和金融体系金融体系:financialsystem金融市场:financial___rkets债券:bond股票:stock金融中介机构:financialintermediaries共同基金:mutualfund国民储蓄:nationalsaving私人储蓄:privatesaving公共储蓄:publicsaving预算盈余:budgetsurplus预算赤字:budgetdeficit可贷资金市场:___rketforloanablefunds挤出:crowdingout
27.金融学的基本工具金融学:finan___现值:presentvalue终值:futurevalue复利:pounding风险厌恶:riskaversion多元化:diversification企业特有风险:firm-specificrisk市场风险:___rketrisk基本面风险:fundamental___ysis有效市场假说:efficient___rketsbypothesis信息有效:infor___tionalefficiency随机游走:randomwalk
28.失业劳动力:laborfor___失业率:unemploymentrate劳动力参与率:labor-for___participationrate自然失业率:naturalrateofunemployment周期性失业:cyclicalunemployment失去信心的工人:discouragedworkers摩擦性失业:frictionalunemployment结构性失业:structuralunemployment寻找工作:jobsearch失业保险:unemploymentinsuran___工会:union___谈判:collectivebargaining___:strike效率工资:essiciencywages
29.货币制度货币:money交换媒介:mediumofexchange计价单位:unitofaount价值储藏手段:storeofvalue流动性:liquidity商品货币:moditymoney法定货币:fiatmoney通货:currency活期存款:de___nddeposits联邦储备局:FederalReserve___银行:___ntralbank货币供给:moneysupply货币政策:moarypolicy准备金:reserves部分准备金银行:fractional-reservebanking准备金率:reserveratio货币乘数:moneymultiplier银行资本:bankcapital杠杆:leverage杠杆率:leverageratio资本需要量:capitalrequirement公开市场操作:open-___rketoperations贴现率:discountrate法定准备金:reserverequirements补充金融计划:supplementaryfinancingprogram联邦基金利率:federalfundsrate
30.货币增长与通货膨胀铲除通胀:whipInflationNow货币数量论:quantitytheoryofmoney名义变量:nominalvariables真实变量:realvariables古典二分法:classiacldichotomy货币中性:moaryneutrality货币流通速度:velocityofmoney数量方程式:quantityequation通货膨胀税:inflationtax费雪效应:Fishereffect皮鞋成本:shoeleathercost菜单成本:menucosts
31.开放经济的宏观经济学封闭经济:closedeconomy开放经济:openeconomy出口:exports净出口:exports贸易余额:tradebalan___贸易盈余:tradesurplus贸易平衡:balan___dtrade贸易赤字:tradedeficit资本净流出:capitaloutflow名义汇率:nominalexchangerate升值:appreciation贬值:depreciation真实汇率:realexchangerate___力平价:purchasing-powerparity
32.开放经济的宏观经济理论贸易政策:tradepolicy资本外逃:capitalflight
33.总需求与总供给衰退:re___ssion萧条:depression总需求与总供给模型:modelofaggregatede___ndandaggregatesupply总需求曲线:aggregate-de___ndcurve总供给曲线:aggregate-supplycurve自然产出水平:naturallevelofoutput滞胀:stagflation
34.货币政策和财政政策对总需求影响流动性偏好理论:theoryofliquidity财政政策:fisicalpolicy乘数效应:multipliereffect挤出效应:crowding-outeffect自动稳定器:auto___ticstabilizers
35.通胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍菲利普斯曲线:phillipscurve自然率假说:natural-ratehypothesis供给冲击:supplyshock牺牲率:sacrifi___ratio理性预期:rationalexpectations模板内容仅供参考。