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英语音标知识点总结英语国际音标表(48个)元音(20个)长元音/ɑ:/啊(长音)/:/奥(长音)/:/额(长音)/i:/一(长音)/U:/屋(长音)短元音//阿//奥//额//一/U:/屋/e/挨//挨/e/和拼音的“ei”一样/a/挨//外双元音//一而/e/挨而/U/勿而/U/欧/aU/袄辅音(28个)轻辅音/p/颇/t/特/k/克/f/佛/θ/四(咬舌音)/s/四浊辅音/b/伯/d/得/g/个/v/勿//字(咬舌音)/z/自轻辅音//是/h/和/ts/差(ci)/t/迟/tr/缺浊辅音//日/r/若/dz/资/d/之/dr/鼻音/m/呣/n/呢//半元音/j/也/w/我边音//了英___标及字母组合对照
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake1-01在闭音节中[]bagdadhat___pblackback1-02e在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese1-03在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg1-04i在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimeni___kite1-05在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswim1-06o在开音节中[ou]thoseclosegohoehomeno1-07在闭音节中[]clocknotboxshopsock1-08u在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday1-09在闭音节中[]buscupjumpmuchlunch1-10在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音,例如Junebluerulersuper1-11
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a[]Chinaanotherwo___nbreakfast2-01[i]orangeradevillagecabbage2-02e[]hundredstudentopenweekend2-03[i]chickenpocketbeginchildren2-04i[]/[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyani___l2-05[ai]exercisesa___ite2-06o[]secondtonightsomebodywele2-07[u]alsozerophoto2-08u[]autumndiffcult2-09[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary2-101动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如operate2u处在开音节位置,2-11又在辅音字母jlrs后面时,读[u:]音,例如Julyinfluen___Februaryissue2-12在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词编号a在[w]音后面[]wantwhatwatchwashquality3-01a在fnskphspssstth前[α:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather3-02i在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigh3-03o在-st-ld前[ou]mostpostcardoldcold3-04o在mnvth前[]emonkeylovemother3-05
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号arar在[w]音后面[α:]carfarmdarksharpener4-01[:]warmquartertowards4-02oror在[w]音后面[:]fortymorningshort4-03[:]wordworkerworse4-04erirur[:]___rtainlybirdThursday4-05辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音例如carrysorryhurry4-06-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如dollarteacher___rtyrforgetSaturday4-07
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号are[ε]caredarehare5-01ere[i]heremere5-02ire[ai]firehirewire5-03ore[:]morescorebefore5-04ure[ju]purecure5-05areereireore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如picturepleasure5-06重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音例如parentzerostoryduringinspiring5-07某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象例如orangeveryAmericanparagraph5-08
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplay6-01air[ε]airhairchairpairrepair6-02alal在fm前[]s___llballtalkwallall6-03[:l]alwaysalsosaltalmost6-04[α:]halfcalm6-05au/aw[:]autumndaughterdraw6-06ea[i:]teacheasycheapplease6-07[e]heavybreadsweaterweather6-08[ei]breakgreat6-09ear[i]heardearnearclearyear6-10[ε]bearpearwearswear6-11[:]earthlearnearly6-12ee[i:]jeepweekgreenthree6-13eer[i]pioneerdeerbeer6-14ei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey6-15[i:]eitherkey6-16eu/ew在jlrs后[ju:]newfewnewspaper6-17[u:]flewbrewjewelry6-18ie/ei[s]音之后[i:]pie___fieldre___ive6-19oa[ou]coatJoanboatgoal6-20oar/oor[:]roarboarddoorfloor6-21oi/oy[i]noisepointboytoilet6-22oo[u:]broomfoodtoothschool6-23[u]booklookcookfootgood6-24ou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdown6-25[ou]knowrowthrowthough6-26[]youngcountryenough6-27[u:]groupyousoup6-28our[:]courseyourfour6-29[au]ourhourours6-30[:]journey6-31ui在jlrs后[ju:i]fluid___tuition6-32[u:]jui___fruitsuit6-33
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词编号ai/ayei/ey[i]Sundayforeignmonkey7-01ow[ou]yellowsparrowtomorrow7-02元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee7-03-sion-tion[n]impressionnation7-04-sion在元音字母后[n]visiondecisionoasion7-05-tion在s后[n]questionsuggestion7-06-sten[sn]listen7-07-stle[sl]whistle7-08-sure[]pleasuremeasure7-09-ture[]pictureculture7-10
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读例如everyday[ei]handbag[]blackboard[:]8-01有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音例如sun太阳+day[ei]日子>Sunday[i]星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子>holiday[i]假___reak中断+fast[α:]斋戒>breakfast[]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[:]>cupboard[]碗柜8-02
九、辅字组的读音辅字组读音例词编号b[b]bikebusbag9-01[/]bombtomb9-02cc在e前或在i/y前[k]cakepicturecoatmusic9-03[s]fa___decidecine___9-04ch[]muchchickrichteacher9-05[k]schoolheadachechemistry9-06[]___chineChicago9-07-ck[k]cockpocketblackknock9-08d[d]doctorbreadhandday9-09-dge[]bridgefridge9-10dr-[dr]childrendriverdrink9-11f[f]fivefourbreakfast9-12gg在ei/y前[]baggardongo9-13[]orangelargeGer___n9-14gh[f]coughenough9-15[/]lightdaughterhigh9-16gu--guegu在非重读音节中[]guessleaguedialogue9-17[w]languageanguish9-18h[h]hotheadhousehand9-19[/]hourhonest9-20j[]jeepjarjokejoinJuly9-21k[k]kindbikeskate___keweek9-22kn-[n]knifeknowknock9-23l[l]lifemilkschooltall9-24m[m]monkeyeautumn9-25-mn[m]autumncolumnsolemn9-26nn在[k][g]音前[n]notshinetennote9-27[]unclethankhungry9-28-ng[]morningyoungwrong9-29p[p]paperplanepigshippen9-30ph[f]elephantphototelephone9-31q[k]Iraq9-32qu-[kw]qualityquite9-33r[r]redrubberruler9-34s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk9-35[z]musichu___and9-36sc-[sk]scarlet9-37[s]musclescien___9-38sh[]shefishshirtwash9-39t在通常情况下在弱读字母iaieio前[t]tenlettermeet9-40[]patientnation9-41tch[]watch9-42th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the-ther中[θ]thinthirtymethod9-43[]thethesewiththan9-44[]clothefatherweather9-45tr-[tr]treetraincountrytruck9-46v[v]veryvoi___loveleave9-47w[w]weekwinwakesweetwait9-48[/]answertwo9-49wh-wh-在字母o前[w]whatwhenwhitewhy9-50[h]whowhosewhole9-51x在重读元音前[ks]boxtextexercise9-52[gz]examleexistexact9-53wr-[r]write9-54y-[j]yesyardyellowyoung9-55z[z]puzzlezerozoo9-56
十、英语___名词解释1.音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m][n][][l]例外)从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节0-012.音节的划分
①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节例如let-termem-berchil-drendaugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节例如长音pa-perstu-dentfa-therze-romo-torfar-ther短音sev-enstud-ymoth-erver-ymod-leweath-er0-023.重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号0-034.开音节
①绝对开音节单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节例如noblueba-bystu-dentse-cret.
②相对开音节单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节例如namethesebikehomeex-cuse.0-045.闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组(rwy除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节例如bageggfishnotcup0-056.双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节例如stu-dentChi-nasec-ondau-tumnin-deed含有a-be-de-re-in-ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变例如aboutbeforeexcuserepairfor-get-fulin-ven-tor0-067.多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读例如el-e-phantcon-grat-u-la-tion词尾有-ic或-tion-sion的词,在-ic或-sion-tion前的一个音节上重读例如scientificimpressionnation0-07模板内容仅供参考。