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2013年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案http://www.jhwxedu.com第1部分词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项
1.ComeoutorI’llbustthedoordown.A.shut B.set C.break D.beat
2.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.A.naked B.cautious C.blind D.private
3.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumaneerror.A.general B.complex C.direct D.inflexible
4.Itseemedincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekalready.A.right B.unbelievable C.obvious D.unclear
5.Theseanimalsmigratesouthannuallyinsearchoffood.A.explore B.travel C.inhabit D.prefer
6.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.A.spread B.send C.hear D.confirm
7.Shecameacrossthreechildrensleepingunderabridge.A.passedby B.tookanoticeofC.wokeup D.foundbychance
8.Ihavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessforthepost.A.at B.with C.about D.from
9.Asapoliticianheknowshowtomanipulatepublicopinion.A.influence B.express C.divide D.voice
10.Hewastemptedbythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.A.taught B.attracted C.kept D.changed
11.Hepausedwaitingforhertodigesttheinformation.A.understand B.withhold C.exchange D.contact
12.Makesurethetableissecurelyanchored.A.repaired B.cleared C.booked D.fixed
13.Shegetsaggressivewhensheisdrunk.A.worried B.sleepy C.offensive D.anxious
14.Therewassomethingpeculiarinthewayhesmiles.A.strange B.different C.wrong D.funny
15.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpiresoon.A.shorten B.start C.resume D.end 第2部分阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分)KickingtheHabitWhatisabadhabitThemostcommondefinitionisthatitissomethingthatwedoregularlyalmostwithoutthinkingaboutitandwhichhassomesortofnegativeconsequence.Thisconsequencecouldaffectthosearoundusoritcouldaffectuspersonally.Thosewhodenyhavingbadhabitsareprobablylying.Badhabitsarepartofwhatmakesushuman.Manyearlyhabitslikesuckingourthumbarebrokenwhenweareveryyoung.Weareeithertoldtostopdoingitbyourparentsorweconsciouslyorsubconsciouslyobservethatothersdonothavethesamehabitandwegraduallygrowoutofit.Itiswhenweintentionallyorunintentionallypickupnewhabitsinourlaterchildhoodorearlyadulthoodthatitbecomesaproblem.Unlesswecanbreakthathabitearlyonitbecomes“programmed”intoourbrain.Arecentstudyofhumanmemorysuggeststhatnomatterhowhardwetrytochangeourhabitsitistheoldwaysthattendtowinespeciallyinsituationswherewearerushedstressedoroverworked.Habitsthatwethoughtwehadgotridofcansuddenlycomeback.Duringthestudyprogrammetheresearchersshowedagroupofvolunteersseveralpicturesandgavethemwordstoassociatewiththem.Theythenshowedthevolunteersthesamepicturesagainandgavethemnewwordstoassociatewiththem.Afewdayslaterthevolunteersweregivenatest.Theresearchersshowedthemthepicturesandtoldthemtorespondwithoneofthewordstheyhadbeengivenforeachone.Itcameasnosurprisethattheiranswersweresplitbetweenthefirstsetofwordsandthesecond.Twoweekslatertheyweregiventhesametestagain.Thistimemostofthemonlygavethefirstsetofwords.Theyappearedtohavecompletelyforgottenthesecondset.Thestudyconfirmsthattheresponseswelearnfirstarethosethatremainstrongestovertime.Wemaytrytochangeourwaysbutafterawhiletheresponsethatcomestomindfirstisusuallythefirstonewelearned.Themorethatresponseisusedthemoreautomaticitbecomesandtheharderitbecomestorespondinanyotherway.Thestudythereforesuggeststhatovertimeourbadhabitsalsobecomeautomaticlearnedbehaviour.Thisisnotgoodnewsforpeoplewhopickedupbadhabitsearlyinlifeandnowwanttochangeorbreakthem.Evenwhenwetrytoputnewgoodintentionsintopracticethosepreviouslylearnedhabitsremainstrongerinmoreautomaticunconsciousformsofmemory.
16.Boysusuallydevelopbadhabitswhentheyareveryyoung.A.Right B.Wrong C.notmentioned
17.Wecanonlybreakbadhabitsifotherstellustodoso.A.Right B.Wrong C.notmentioned
18.Badhabitsmayresumewhenweareunderpressure.A.Right B.Wrong C.notmentioned
19.Researchersweresurprisedbytheanswersthatthevolunteersgaveinthefirsttest.A.Right B.Wrong C.notmentioned
20.Thevolunteersfoundthetestmoredifficultwhentheydiditthesecondtime.A.Right B.Wrong C.notmentioned
21.Thestudysuggeststhatitismoredifficulttorespondtowhatwelearnfirst.A.Right B.Wrong C.notmentioned
22.Ifwedevelopbadhabitsearlyinlifetheyarehardertogetridof.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned 第3部分概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项TrafficJams—NoEndinSight
1.Trafficcongestionaffectspeoplethroughouttheworld.Trafficjamscausesmogindozensofcitiesacrossboththedevelopedanddevelopingworld.IntheU.S.commutersspendanaverageofafullworkweekeachyearsittingintrafficaccordingtotheTexasTransportationInstitute.Whilealternativewaysofgettingaroundareavailablemostpeoplestillchoosetheircarsbecausetheyarelookingforconveniencecomfortandprivacy.
2.Themostpromisingtechniqueforreducingcitytrafficiscalledcongestionpricingwherebycitieschargeatolltoentercertainpartsoftownatcertaintimesofday.Intheoryifthetollishighenoughsomedriverswillcanceltheirtripsorgobybusortrain.Andinpracticeitseemstowork:SingaporeLondonandStockholmhavereducedtrafficandpollutionincitycentersthankstocongestionpricing.
3.Anotherwaytoreducerushhourtrafficisforemployerstoimplementflexitimewhichletsemployeestraveltoandfromworkatoff-peaktraffictimestoavoidtherushhour.Thosewhohavetotravelduringbusytimescandotheirpartbysharingcars.Employerscanalsoallowmorestafftotelecommuteworkfromhomesoastokeepmorecarsofftheroadaltogether.
4.Someurbanplannersstillbelievethatthebestwaytoeasetrafficcongestionistobuildmoreroadsespeciallyroadsthatcantakedriversaroundorovercrowdedcitystreets.Butsuchtechniquesdonotreallykeepcarsofftheroad;theyonlyaccommodatemoreofthem.
5.Othermoreforward-thinkingplannersknowthatmoreandmoredriversandcarsaretakingtotheroadseverydayandtheyareunwillingtoencouragemoreprivateautomobileswhenpublictransportissomuchbetterbothforpeopleandtheenvironment.ForthisreasontheAmericangovernmenthasdecidedtospendsome$7billiononhelpingtoincreasecapacityonpublictransportsystemsandupgradethemwithmoreefficienttechnologies.Butenvironmentalistscomplainthatsuchfundingistinycomparedwiththe$50billionbeingspentonroadsandbridges.A.AglobalproblemB.ClosingcitycentrestotrafficC.PayingtogetinD.NotdoingenoughE.ChangingworkpracticeF.Asolutionwhichisnosolution
23.Paragraph1
24.Paragraph2
25.Paragraph3
26.Paragraph4
27.MostAmericandriversthinkitconvenientto_________.
28.Ifchargedhighenoughsomedriversmay_________toentercertainpartsoftown.
29.Buildingmoreroadsisnotaneffectivewayto_________ .
30.TheU.S.governmenthasplannedto_________updatingpublictransportsystems.A.encouragemoreprivatecarsB.travelregularlyC.reducetrafficjamsD.gobybusE.drivearoundF.spendmoremoney第4部分阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项第一篇OperationMigrationIfyoulookupattheskyintheearlyfallinthenorthernpartofNorthAmericayoumayseegroupsofbirds.Thesebirdsareflyingsouthtoplaceswheretheycanfindfoodandwarmthforthewinter.Theyaremigrating迁徙.Theyoungbirdsusuallylearntomigratefromtheirparents.Theyfollowtheirparentssouthinoneunusualcasehowevertheyoungbirdsarefollowingsomethingverydifferent.Thesebirdsareyoungwhoopingcranesandtheyarefollowinganairplane!TheyoungwhoopingcraneisthelargestbirdthatisnativetoNorthAmerica.Thesebirdsalmostdisappearedinthe1800s.By1941therewereonlyabout20cranesalive.Inthe1970speoplewereworriedthatthesecreatureswereindangerofdisappearingcompletely.AsaresulttheUnitedStatesidentifiedwhoopingcranesasanendangeredspeciesthattheyneededtoprotect.Someresearcherstriedtohelp.Theybegantobreedwhoopingcranesinspecialparkstoincreasethenumberofbirds.Thisplanwassuccessful.Therewerealotofnewbabybirds.Asthebirdsbecameoldertheresearcherswantedtoreturnthemtonature.Howevertherewasaproblem:Theseyoungbirdsdidnotknowhowtomigrate.Theyneededhumanhelp.In2001somepeoplehadacreativeIdea.TheyformedanorganizationcalledOperationMigration.Thisgroupdecidedtouseverylightairplanesinsteadofbirdstoleadtheyoungwhoopingcranesontheirfirsttripsouth.Theypaintedeachairplanetolooklikeawhoopingcrane.Eventhepilotsworespecialclothingtomakethemlooklikecranes.Thecranesbegantotrusttheairplanesandtheplanworked.Todayplanesstillleadbirdsacrossapproximately1200miles1931kilometersfromtheUnitedStates-CanadianbordertotheGulfofMexico.Theyleavethebirdsatdifferentsites.Ifatripissuccessfulthebirdscantravelontheirowninthefuture.Thenwhenthesebirdsbecomeparentstheywillteachtheiryoungtomigrate.ThepeopleofOperationMigrationthinkthisistheonlywaytomaintainthewhoopingcranepopulation.OperationMigrationworkswithseveralotherorganizationsandgovernmentinstitutes.Togethertheyassisthundredsofcraneseachyear.Howeversomeexpertspredictthatsoonthiswon’tbenecessary.ThankstoOperationMigrationanditspartnersthecranepopulationwillcontinuetomigrate.Hopefullytheywon’tneedhumanhelpanymore.
31.WhoppingcranesmigrateinwintertoA.raisebabywhoopingcranes.B.gethumanhelp.C.findwarmthandfood.D.layeggs.
32.WhoppingcranesarenativetoA.Mexico.B.SouthAmerica.C.thePersianGulfD.NorthAmerica.
33.OperationMigrationaimstoA.leadyoungcranesontheirfirsttripsouth.B.teachadultcraneshowtofly.C.breedcranesinspecialparks.D.transportcranestotheNorth.
34.ThedistancecoveredbytheyoungwhoopingcranesontheirtripsouthisA.1200miles.B.120milesC.1931milesD.2000miles
35.IfOperationMigrationissuccessfulwhoopingcraneswillA.followairplanessoutheveryyear.B.learntomigrateontheirown.C.liveinCanadaallyearround.D.beunabletoflyback. 第二篇LuckyLordLucan—AliveorDeadOn8thNovember1974LordLucanaBritisharistocratvanished.Thedaybeforehischildrensnannyhadbeenbrutallymurderedandhiswifehadbeenattackedtoo.TothisdaytheBritishpublicarestillinterestedinthemurdercasebecauseLucanhasneverbeenfound.Nowover30yearslaterthepolicehavereopenedthecasehopingthatnewDNAtechniqueswillhelpsolvethismurdermystery.PeoplesuspectedthatLuckyashewascalledbyfriendswantedtokillhiswifehenolongerlivedwith.TheysaythatLucanenteredhisoldhouseandinthedarkkilledthenannybymistake.Hisestrangedwifeheardnoisescamedownstairsandwasalsoattackedbutmanagedtoescape.SevenmonthsafterthemurderajuryconcludedthatLucanhadkilledthenanny.Whathappenednextisunclearbutthereareseveraltheorieswhichfallintooneofthreecategories:hemayhavekilledhimselfhecouldhaveescapedorhemighthavebeenkilled.ItappearsthatthenightafterthemurderLuckyborrowedacaranddroveitLucansfriendAspinallsaidinaninterviewthathethoughtLucanhadcommittedsuicidebysinkinghisboatintheEnglishChannel.AnotherversionofeventssaysthatLuckylefttheblood-soakedcaronthecoastandtookaferrytoFrance.Hewasmettherebysomeonewhodrovehimtosafetyinanothercountry.HoweverafteratimehisrescuersbecameworriedthattheywouldbecomeinvolvedinthemurdertooandsoLucanwaskilled.AfurtherfascinatingtheorywasmadeinthebookDeadLuckybyDuncanMacLaughlinaformerdetective.HebelievesthatLucantravelledtoGoaIndiawhereheassumedtheidentityofaMrBarryHaplin.LucanthenlivedinGoatillhisdeathin
1996.Intheendtheclaimturnedouttobeacaseofmistakenidentity.Themanwhodiedin1996wasreallyHaplinanex-schoolteacherturnedhippy.SowhatisthetruthaboutLuckyDNAtestinghassolvedmanymurdercasesbutwhoknowsifitcanclosethebookonthisone.
36.BritishpublicarestillinterestedinthemurdercasebecauseA. themurdererwasanaristocrat.B. themurderersDNAhasbeenfound.C. themurdererwasafamousman.D. themurdererhasnotbeencaught
37. itwassuspectedthatLucankilledthenannybecauseA. shewascrueltohischildren.B. sheattackedhiswife.C. shestolehiscarD.shewasmistakenforhiswife.
38. AspinallthoughtLucankilledhimselfA. bysinkinghisboat.B. inacaraccident.C. onthenight30yearsafterthemurder.D. byjumpingintotheEnglishChannel.
39. AccordingtotheversioninParagraph4LucanA. hadescapedbutwaskilledlaterB. wasinvolvedinamurderinFrance.C. wascaughtinanothercountry.D. methispartnersonaferry.
40.ThewordassumedinthelastparagraphmeansA. disclosed.B. setup.C. tookon.D. changed. 第三篇OntheTrailoftheHoneyBadgersOnarecentfieldtriptotheKalahariDesertateamofresearcherslearntalotmoreabouthoneybadgers獾.TheteamemployedalocalwildlifeexpertKitsoKhamatohelpthemlocateandfollowthebadgersacrossthedesert.Theirmainaimwastostudythebadgers’movementsandbehaviourasdiscreetly谨慎地aspossiblewithoutfrighteningthemawayorcausingthemtochangetheirnaturalbehaviour.Theyalsoplannedtotrapafewandstudythemcloseupbeforereleasingthem.Inviewoftheanimal’sreputationthiswassomethingthatevenKhamawasreluctanttodo.“Theproblemwithhoneybadgersistheyarenaturallycuriousanimalsespeciallywhentheyseesomethingnew”hesays.“thatcombinedwiththeirunpredictablenaturecanbeadangerousmixture.Iftheysenseyouhavefoodforexampletheywon’tbeshyaboutcomingrightuptoyouforsomethingtoeat.They’reactuallyquitesociablecreaturesaroundhumansbutassoonastheyfeeltheymightbeindangertheycanbecomeextremelyvicious凶恶的.Fortunatelythisisrarebutitdoeshappen.”Theresearchconfirmedmanythingsthatwerealreadyknown.Asexpectedhoneybadgersateanycreaturestheycouldcatchandkill.Evenpoisonoussnakesfearedandavoidedbymostotheranimalswerenotsafefromthem.Theresearchersweresurprisedhoweverbytheanimal’sfondnessforlocalmelonsprobablybecauseoftheirhighwatercontent.Previouslyresearchersthoughtthattheanimalgotallofitsliquidrequirementsfromitsprey猎物.Theteamalsolearntthatcontrarytopreviousresearchfindingsthebadgersoccasionallyformedloosefamilygroups.Theywerealsoabletoconfirmcertainresultsfrompreviousresearchincludingthefactthatfemalebadgersneversocializedwitheachother.Followingsomeofthemalebadgerswasachallengesincetheycancoverlargedistancesinashortspaceoftime.Somehuntingterritoriescovermorethan500squarekilometers.Althoughtheyseemhappytosharetheseterritorieswithothermalesthereareoccasionalfightsoveranimportantfoodsourceandmalebadgerscanbeasaggressivetowardseachotherastheyaretowardsotherspecies.Asthebadgersbecameaccustomedtothepresenceofpeopleitgavetheteamthechancetogetupclosetothemwithoutbeingthesubjectoftheanimal’scuriosity—ortheirsuddenaggression.Thebadgers’eatingpatternswhichhadbeendisruptedreturnedtonormal.Italsoallowedtheteamtoobservemorecloselysomeoftheothercreaturesthatformworkingassociationswiththehoneybadgerastheseseemedtoadoptthebadgers’relaxedattitudewhennearhumans.
41.WhydidthewildlifeexpertsvisittheKalahariDesertA.Toobservehowhoneybadgersbehave.B.Tofindwherehoneybadgerslive.C.Tocatchsomehoneybadgersforfood.D.Tofindoutwhyhoneybadgershaveabadreputation.
42.WhatdoesKitsoKhamasayabouthoneybadgersA.Theyshowinterestinthingstheyarenotfamiliarwith.B.Theyarealwayslookingforfood.C.Theydonotenjoyhumancompany.D.Itiscommonforthemtoattackpeople.
43.WhatdidtheteamfindoutabouthoneybadgersA.Thereweresomecreaturestheydidnoteat.B.Theywereafraidofpoisonouscreatures.C.Theymaygetsomeofthewatertheyneededfromfruit.D.Femalebadgersdidnotmixwithmalebadgers.
44.WhichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofmalebadgersA.Theydon’trunveryquickly.B.Theyhuntoveraverylargearea.C.Theydefendtheirterritoryfromotherbadgers.D.Theyaremoreaggressivethanfemales
45.WhathappenedwhenhoneybadgersgotusedtohumansaroundthemA.Theybecamelessaggressivetowardsothercreatures.B.Theystartedeatingmore.C.Otheranimalsstartedworkingwiththem.D.Theylostinterestinpeople. 第5部分补全短文(第46-50题,每题2分,共10分)下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章面貌TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurLivesSugarcanewasonceawildgrassthatgrewinNewGuineaandwasusedbylocalpeopleforroofingtheirhousesandfencingtheirgardens.Graduallyadifferentvarietyevolvedwhichcontainedsucroseandwaschewedonforitssweettaste.Overtimesugarcanebecameahighlyvaluablecommercialplantgrownthroughouttheworld.46_________. Sugarbecameavitalingredientinallkindsofthingsfromconfectionerytomedicineandasthedemandforsugargrewtheindustrybecamelargerandmoreprofitable.47_________. Manycropswitheredanddieddespitegrowers’attemptstosavethemandtherewerefearsthatthehealthoftheplantwouldcontinuetodeteriorate.Inthe1960sscientistsworkinginBarbadoslookedforwaystomakethecommercialspeciesstrongerandmoreabletoresistdisease.Theyexperimentedwithbreedingprogrammesmixinggenesfromthewildspeciesofsugarcanewhichtendstobetougherwithgenesfromthemoredelicatecommercialtype.
48. _________ Thissugarcaneisnotyetreadytobesoldcommerciallybutwhenthishappensitisexpectedtobeincrediblyprofitablefortheindustry.
49. _________ BrazilwhichproducesonequarteroftheworldssugarhascoordinatedaninternationalprojectunderProfessorPauloArrudooftheUniversidadeEstaudualdeCampinasinSaoPaulo.Teamsofexpertshaveworkedwithhimtodiscovermoreaboutwhichpartsofthegeneticstructureoftheplantareimportantfortheproductionofsugaranditsoverallhealth.Despitealltheresearchhoweverwestilldonotfullyunderstandhowthegenesfunctioninsugarcane.
50. _________ThisgeneisparticularlyexcitingbecauseitmakestheplantresistanttorustadiseasewhichprobablyoriginatedinIndiabutisnowcapableofinfectingsugarcaneacrosstheworld.Scientistsbelievetheywilleventuallybeabletogrowaplantwhichcannotbedestroyedbyrust.A.Unfortunatelyhowevertheplantstartedtobecomeweakerandmorepronetodisease.B.Sugarcanewasnowmuchvigorousandthesupplyofsugaristhereforemoreguaranteed.C.OnemajorgenehasbeenidentifiedbyDrAngeliqueDHontandherteaminMontpelierFrance.D.Themajorityoftheworldssugarnowcomesfromthisparticularcommercialspecies.E.Sincethe1960sscientistshavebeenanalysingthemysteriesofthesugarcanesgeneticcode.F.Eventuallyacommercialplantwasdevelopedwhichwas5percentsweeterthanbeforebutalsomuchstrongerandlesslikelytodiefromdisease. 第6部分完形填空(第51-65题,每题1分,共15分)下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项TeachingandLearningManyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudent.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiveninstructorsexpectstudenttobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.Theidealstudentisconsideredtobeonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeoflearningnottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Sometimeshomeworkisreturnedwithbriefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiventhestudentisresponsibleforlearningthematerialassigned.Whenresearchisassignedtheprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytofindbooksmagazinesandarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibraryworks;theyexpectstudentsparticularlygraduatestudentstoexhaustthereferencesourcesinthelibrary.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneeditbutpreferthattheirstudentsshouldnotbetoodependentonthem.IntheUnitedStatesprofessorshavemanyotherdutiesbesidesteachingsuchasadministrativeorresearchwork.Thereforethetimethataprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassislimited.Ifastudenthasproblemswithclassroomworkthestudentshouldeitherapproachaprofessorduringofficehoursormakeanappointment. 参考答案第1部分词汇选项1-5CBDBB 6-10ADCAB 11-15ADCAD第2部分阅读判断16-22CBABCBA第3部分概括大意与完成句子23-26ACEF 27-30EDCF 第4部分阅读理解31-35CDAAB 36-40DDAAC 41-45AACBD第5部分补全短文46-50DAFEC第6部分完形填空51-55CCCBB 56-60DBADB 61-65CABDC。