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2012年中考英语考点5连词一知识概要连词是一种在句子与句子之间,短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词,它不能单独作句子的成份按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类并列连词连接的双方是对等的常有的并列连词有andboth…andeither…orneither…nor,notonly…butalsoaswellas等但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致,意义有转折的并列连词有buthoweverwhile而,only只不过还有表示选择关系的并列连词,如ororelseotherwise…再有的是连接双方,互为因果,或表示前因后果的连词有forsotherefore因此,then等从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句,如thatifwhether其次用来连接状语从句其中有原因状语从句,常用的连接词有whenwhileassincebeforeafteronceassoonasuntiltill连接条件状语的连词有ifunlessaslongas等,而原因状语的连接词有becausesinceasnowthat既然目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有sothatso…thatsuch…thatas…asthanwhere…它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见具体用法见下表连词用法一览表种类功用例句并列连词连接具有并列关系的词HeknowsneitherEnglishnorFrench.短语Areyougoingbybusoronfoot分句Marywasagoodgirlbutshehadoneshortcoming.从属连词引导状语从句Illdoitasyoutoldme.Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.连接代词和连接副词主语从句Whathesaidprovedtrue.Whenwellstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.表语从句Thisiswhyhedidntcomeyesterday.Thatiswherehelives.宾语从句ThemanaskedmewhichIlikedbest.Icantunderstandwhysheissolate.关系代词和关系副词定语从句Nicotineisadrugthatgetsoneintothehabitofsmoking.HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.二正误辨析[误]Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.[正]Neitherofmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.[析]在英语中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意义也不同于汉语,如Bothofusarenotright.在英语中应被理解为我们俩不都对而Neitherofusisright才能被理解为我们俩无一正确[误]Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm.[正]Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm.[析]由or连接两主语时,谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致[误]Youshouldstudyhardandyouwontpasstheexam.[正]Youshouldstudyhardoryouwontpasstheexam.[析]or作为连词,这里的意思为否则又如Hurryuporyoullbelateforschool.[误]Thoughheispoorbutheisreadytohelpothers.[正]Thoughheispoorheisreadytohelpothers.[正]Heispoorbutheisreadytohelpothers.[析]虽然……但是是中文中的常用结构,但在英文中用了虽然则不要用但是,用了但是则不能再用虽然,二者只可用其一[误]EitheryouorIareonduty.[正]EitheryouorIamonduty.[析]either…or连接两个主语时,其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应,这也叫作就近原则类似的用法还有orneither…nornotonly…butalso等[误]TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.[正]TomisourEnglishteacherandisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.[析]并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重复,但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的当你连接的是两个系动词时,后面的那个系动词不可省略,也就是讲连接的部分不可省略[误]Myfatherlikesswimmingandtocollectstamps.[正]Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps.[析]由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构如是动名词则都用动名词,如用不定式则都应用不定式,这是初学者要注意的一点[误]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperIamdoingmyhomework.[正]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperwhileIamdoingmyhomework.[析]两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接,要用并列连词来连接[误]MyfatheraskedmethatifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.[正]MyfatheraskedmeifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.[析]宾语从句的连接词只能有一个不能重复使用[误]WewillgobothtoBeijingandShanghai.[正]WewillgotobothBeijingandShanghai.[析]用both…and…作连接词时,其相连接的部分结构也要相同[误]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersisgoingtodance.[正]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersaregoingtodance.[析]由notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,其重点在其后面的那一个主语,所以谓语形式应采用就近原则[误]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.[正]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsiscoming.[析]由aswellas连接两个主语时,谓语动词与aswellas后面的名词无关,而与前面的名词相一致[误]Tomdoesnotswimnorplayfootball.[正]Tomdoesnotswimorplayfootball.[析]nor主要用于连接句子的对等连词,如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用or但要注意句子的含意,如Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacoworahorse.这个动物既不像牛也不像马Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacowbutahorse.这个动物不像牛而像马[误]Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.[正]Thestudentsmusthavegonehomeforthereisnolightintheclassroom.[析]由for引出的原因状语从句在使用时要注意不能将该从句置于句首,而应置于主句之后,并在主句与从句之间加一逗号更要注意的是becauseassince与for4个表示原因的连词中because是因果关系,是最强的一个,而for是最弱的一个有些语法书中干脆把for叫做并列连词[误]MybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.[正]ThatmybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.[析]主语从句的引导词that是不可省略的这一点不要和宾语从句的引导词相提并论[误]Thismapwillshowyouhowwillyougettothehotel.[正]Thismapwillshowyouhowyouwillgettothehotel.[析]名词性从句作宾语从句使用时,最重要的一点是要用陈述语句特别要注意的是那些使用双宾语的动词,如tellaskshow…[误]Whiletheclockstruchtenallthelightswentout.[正]Whentheclockstrucktenallthelightswentout.[析]while是强调两个动作在同时进行中,如WhileIamdoingmyhomeworkmyfatherisreadinganewspaper.而这里的when是正当某某时刻,就在这一时间点上,其重点强调在某一特定时刻某动作的发生[误]WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterdayImetanoldfriend.[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterdayImetanoldfriend.[析]这里用when表达在一个动作的进行中,另一个动作突然发生了正在进行的动作用一进行时态,而突然发生的动作用一般时态[误]WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.[正]WhenIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.[析]while不能表达一点儿的时间,即瞬时某一时间点[误]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootballorothersgotothelibrary.[正]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootballwhileothersgotothelibrary.[析]while在此处意为而,然而[误]Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.[正]Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.[析]as用于句中时,其要点是强调两个动作的同时进行这里用when虽然不能讲是语法上的错误,但则看不出来小女孩因独自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情[误]Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.[正]Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.[正]Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.[析]until用在句中时其含义是某一动作一直持续到某时结束,那么句中的动词则一定要用持续性动词,如果要用瞬间,或截止性动词时一定要用否定句式因截止性动作的否定式应看作是持续性的动作如离开leave是瞬间动作,因一出门即为离开了,而不离开则是长时间的[误]IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.[正]IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.[析]since引出的时间状语从句是表达了一个时间点,而这个时间点是主句动作的启始点,所以主句一般要用完成时态[误]Becausehedidntstudyhardsohedidntpasstheexam.[正]Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.[析]because与so在英文中两者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一[误]Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.[正]Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.[析]so与such的用法可以分为四种情况,
①用于单数可数名词之前,其格式是such+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词,如Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so其格式是so+形容词+不定冠词+单数可数名词,如Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.
②在不可数名词前或可数名词复数前这时只能用such如Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.
③在fewlittle,muchmany这4个字前只能用so而不能用such如IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.
④当that前只有形容词或副词时,这时只能用so如Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.[误]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.[正]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.[正]Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.[析]so…that与sothat的用法有相同之处,那就是其后接从句,而soasto其后要接不定式,即动词原形这样的词组还有inorderto[误]Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.[正]Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.[析]thesame…asthat这是个固定用法,在same前的定冠词是不能少的而thesame…that意为我要的就是那一个而thesame…as为要的是和……一样的东西[误]BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswerIllaskyousomequestions.[正]BeforeIgiveyoutheanswerIllaskyousomequestions.[析]这种错误是由于受中文的影响在中文中可以讲我没给你答案前而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了三例题解析1WeboughtGrannyapresent___shedidntlikeit.A.butB.andC.orD.so[答案]A.[析]由于句意的原因,应选择转折连词2Runquickly___wellmisstheearlytrain.A.andB.butC.soD.or[答案]D.[析]or这里应译为否则3Illgivethebooktohim___hecomesback.A.sinceB.assoonasC.beforeD.until[答案]B.[析]assoonas引出的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作4Dontcrosstheroad___thelightturnsgreen.A.whenB.whileC.untilD.as[答案]C.[析]until应译为直到……才,因为前面的祈使句为否定句又如Shedidnotgotobeduntilhermothercameback.应译为直到她妈妈回来她才睡觉5MissGaohasbeenateacher___
1990.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.in[答案]C.[析]因为主句为完成时,所以应用since表示该动作的启始点6-Whichwouldyoulikebettertea___milk-Teaplease.A.butB.andC.orD.with[答案]C.[析]在疑问句与否定句中应用or来表示一种选择7Welovespring___theresbeautifulflowerseverywhere.A.thoughB.butC.orD.because[答案]D.[析]因为这里表示的是因果关系8Pleaseleave___7∶00thenyoullbeabletoget___thereearlier.A.tillinB.from/C.before/D.behindto[答案]C.[析]before为在7∶00之前离开9Theteacherdidntbeginthelesson___allthestudentsstoppedtalking.A.untilB.afterC.ifD.because[答案]A.[析]这句应译为直到所有的学生都停止讲话老师才开始上课因begin为瞬间动词,所以应用否定句10Bettydidntgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.A.butB.untilC.ifD.because[答案]D.[析]这里是表示因果关系,所以应用because因为她病了所以未去看电影11Youmuststartrightnow___youllmissthetrain.A.forB.andC.soD.or[答案]D.[析]or译为否则本句句意为你必须马上走了,否则要赶不上火车了12___heisachildofsixhecanreadandwrite.A.WhoseB.IfC.ThoughD.Because[答案]C.[析]这种状语从句在英语中称为让步状语从句,应译为虽然他才是个6岁的孩子,他却可以读书和写字13Ilikefish___chicken___eggs.A.andandB.andwithC./andD.and/[答案]C.[析]在有若干个名词或动词出现时,每一个词之间只用逗号连接,只在最后两个词之间加and如Theoldmanpassedthestreetwentintoashopandboughtsomefood14Takethisdictionarywithyou___youmayuseitinclass.A.whenB.inordertoC.butD.sothat[答案]D.[析]sothat应译为为的是本句句义为带上字典,为的是在上课时可能有用而inorderto其后应接动词不定式,如Takethisdictionarywithyouinordertouseitinclass15Ihope___willbefinetomorrow.A.itB.whatC.whetherD.when[答案]A.[析]hope后接的是宾语从句,而且宾语从句中少主语,应用it来代替天气16___shewasnotwellIdecidedtogowithouther.A.ThoughB.AsC.WhenD.Becauseof[答案]B.[析]as这里应译为由于全句意为由于她不舒服,我决定不带她去了而becauseof其后不能接从句只能接宾语如Becauseoftheheavyrainwedecidednottogo17Myauntboughtme___manystorybooksthatIspentalotoftimethem.A.such…onB.such…inC.too…inDso…on[答案]D.[析]因many前只能用so来修饰,所以只能选择D选项而spend…onsomething为在某事上花费时间或钱如Shespentalotofmoneyonherclothes18Motherwascooking___she___aknockatthedoor.A.whenlistentoB.whilelistenedtoC.whileheardD.whenheard[答案]D.[析]when在这里应译为就在那时,那一刻,那一瞬间19Speakslowly___wecanunderstandyou.A.andB.orC.ifD.because[答案]A.[析]and这里是并列连词,应译为请讲慢些这样我们就会明白你的意思20YoulllearnEnglishwell___youputyourheartintoit.A.ifB.soC.untilD.or[答案]A.[析]本句译为如果你将心放在学习上,你就会将英语学好这里的语法现象是从句中用一般现在时表示将来21Iwontletyouin___youshowmeyourpass.A.untilB.forC.sinceD.because[答案]A.22Shedidntgotoschool___shewasill.A.whyB.becauseC.whereD.but[答案]B.。