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2012年中考英语考点6介词一知识概要介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来下面是一般的规律,可帮助学习时参考,千万不要作为定律去背诵,照搬介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他about大约在……时间aboutfiveoclock在周围,大约多远aboutfivekilometres关于、涉及talkaboutyouabove高出某一平面abovesealevelacross横过walkacrossthestreet对面acrossthestreetafter在……之后aftersupper跟……后面oneafteranother追赶runafteryouagainst背靠逆风againstthewallagainstthewind反对beagainstyouamong三者以上的中间amongthetreesat在某时刻atten在小地点attheschoolgate表示速度athighspeed向着,对着atmebefore在……之前beforelunch位于……之前sitbeforemebehind位于……之后behindthetreebelow低于……水平belowzero不合格belowthestandardby到……时刻,在……时刻之前byfiveoclock紧挨着sitebysite乘坐交通工具byairbybick被由wasmadebyusduring在……期间duringtheholidaysfor延续多长时间forfiveyears向……去leaveforShanghai为了,对于begoodforyoufrom从某时到……某时frommorningtillnight来自何方fromNewYork由某原料制成bemadefrom来自何处whereareyoufromin在年、月、周较长时间内inaweek在里面intheroom用某种语言inEnglish穿着inredinto进入……里面walkinto除分divideinto变动turnintowaternear接近某时nearfiveyears在……附近neartheparkof用某种原料制成bemadeof属于……性质amapofU.S.Aon某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在……上面onthedesk靠吃……为生liveonrice关于abookonPhysicsover渡过一整段时间workovernight在上方overthedesk超过,高于overfivepairspast超过某一时刻tenpastfive经过某地walkpasttheparksince从某时以来since1980原因Sinceyouwereillthrough经过某一时期throughhislife通过、穿过某地throughtheforesttilluntil直到某时为止tillfiveoclockto差多少时间fivetoten问,到,去往toShanghai面对面facetoface给予giveabooktomeunder在……下面underthedesk少于underten在……管制之下undertherulewith用某种工具withapen带着,具有withmewithout没有withoutair二正误辨析[误]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.[析]at用于具体时刻之前,如sunrisemiddaynoonsunsetmidnightnight[误]Dontsleepatdaytime[正]Dontsleepindaytime.[析]in要用于较长的一段时间之内,如inthemorning/afternoon或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等[误]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.[析]inthemorningintheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on如onacoldmorningonthemorningofJuly14th[误]Hebecameawritterathistwenties[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties[析]这句话应译为他在20多岁时就成了作家在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at来表示[误]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.[析]在具体年岁前用at如attheageof12,atyourage,等等[误]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.[析]具体某一天要用介词on又如onNewYearsDay[误]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.[正]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.[析]在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用atChristmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两周或更长的时间[误]Ihaventseeyouduringthesummerholidays.[正]Ihaventseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.[析]during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如Ihaventseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为整整,全部的时间如Itrainedthroughthenight.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间,一般要与完成时连用[误]AtenteringtheclassroomIheardthegoodnews.[正]OnenteringtheclassroomIheardthegoodnews.[析]On加动名词表示一……就本句的译文应是我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了又如onhearing…一听见,onarrival一到达就……on表示动作的名词[误]Inthebeginningofthebooktherearesomeinterestingstories.[正]Atthebeginningofthebooktherearesomeinterestingstories.[析]atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间intheend=atlast是指最终,终于之意[误]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.[析]by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为不迟于某一时刻将工作做完,所以主句一般是完成时态当然可以有将来时态,如Illbetherebyfiveoclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如Iwontfinishthisworktilluntilnextweekend.[误]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.[析]before一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用[误]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.[析]since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态[误]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.[析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after其原因有二,
①after多用于过去时,如IarrivedinNewYork.AfterthreedaysIfoundajobinthebank.
②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如afterthreedays即三天之后的哪一天都可以所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in[误]Threedaysafterhedied.[正]Afterthreedayshedied.[正]Threedayslaterhedied.[析]after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after在时间词前,而later在时间词后[误]Shehidherselfafterthetree.[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.[析]after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如Irunafterhim.AfterfinishingmyhomeworkIwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后[误]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.[析]树上长出的果实,树叶要用on而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.[误]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.[析]在表达地理位置时有3个介词inontoin表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接如JapanistotheeastofChina.[误]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.[析]at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方at常用于attheschoolgateathomeatabusstopatthestationatthecinemaatasmallvillage[误]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.[析]在门牌号码前要用at并要注意它的惯用法attheendofthestreetatthefootofthemountainatthetopofthepage[误]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.[析]在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.[误]ThisweekendIllstayinUncleWangs.[正]ThisweekendIllstayatUncleWangs.[析]要注意英文的特殊表达法,如atatailorsshop裁缝店=atatailorsatthedoctors去看病atthebooksellers在书店atuncleWangs在王叔叔家[误]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontodaysnewspaper[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintodaysnewspaper[析]在报纸上的新闻要用in而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on[误]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.[析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如attable吃饭,WhenIcametoTomshometheywereattable.还有atdesk学习,atwork工作atschool上学,inhospital住医院atchurch作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意,如attheschool即在学校工作或办事,inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人[误]InmywaytothestationIboughtanewspapertokilltime.[正]OnmywaytothestationIboughtanewspapertokilltime.[析]译文为在去车站的路上我买了份报纸,为的是消磨时光在……的路上应用ononesway…而intheway有挡道之意,如Pleasemovethechairitisintheway[误]LookthedoorisopenMaybesomeonebrokeinto.[正]LookthedoorisopenMaybesomeonebrokein.[正]LookthedoorisopenMaybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.[析]in是表达一个静止状态,在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语,而into则是动态介词,与break连用时要加介词宾语[误]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.[正]IllleaveforShanghai.[析]leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词这样的搭配还有startfor动身前往某处,setoutfor,sailfor[误]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.[析]getin与getout是两个相反的词组getin为上车,而getout为下车,但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词,所以其后不能接名词,我们可以讲Wedbettergetin.或Wedbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车geton/offatrainashipastruckgetinto/outofacartaxi…[误]BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.[析]over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换但在垂直方向上的高矮时,即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.[误]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.[析]over还有一意为跨越,横跨[误]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.[析]在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词,over与under也是反意词[误]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.[析]infrontof是在物体外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面,如Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.[误]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.[析]across作为介词有两个主要意思
①横过,如Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.
②对面,如Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet而through多用于三维空间中的穿越across则多用于平面上的横过如Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.[误]Thesunsetstowardthewest.[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.[析]towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动,但不一定到达,如Herantowardsthemountain.而在表示方位eastwestnorthsouth时,其前面要用in要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词,如Iwentsouth.也可用作名词,如Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容词,如IwenttothesouthpartofChina.[误]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose[析]beside是在……旁边,如Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是除……之外,不仅……而且……,除了……以外还有……,如IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrenchwhenIwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分,如IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物,如Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat则要加从句[误]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink[析]with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具,而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in[误]Imearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.[正]Imearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.[析]在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词,否则要改换相应的介词bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空运byland陆运bysea海运onfootonhorsebackbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand[误]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化,而发生了某种变化则要用from如Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.[误]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.[析]关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词,其中on表示某专业用书,about则为某方面的普通读物,如Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识[误]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.[析]keytothedoor门的钥匙相同用法还有answertothequestionentrancetothehighwaydangertohealth.千万不要用of[误]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣[误]Ididntdomyhomeworksotheteacherwasangrytome.[正]Ididntdomyhomeworksotheteacherwasangrywithme.[析]beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事如Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.[误]Hewasgoodforskating.[正]Hewasgoodatskating.[析]begoodat为擅长某事,而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好[误]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.[析]这句话应译为你真太好了,帮助了我的小孩而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好如Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.[误]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody而bepleasedat后加something[误]Heisagreewithme.[正]Heagreeswithme.[误]Heagainstsme.[正]Heisagainstme.[析]同意agree为动词,而反对against则为介词在使用中一定要注意[误]Ihaventheardlettersfromhim.[正]Ihaventheardfromhim.[析]hearfrom即为从某人处得到信件不要再加letter了[误]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend[析]作为拜访讲callat其后接地点,如MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend而callon其后接人[误]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite[析]inwhite为穿一身白与in有关的词组有inbed睡觉,inhospital住院,inahurry匆匆忙忙,indanger危险中injoy高兴,ingoodhealth身体好,inlove恋爱,introuble困境,与之相反的是outof如outoftrouble摆脱困境,outofdate过时了,outoforder出故障[误]Helookedatmeatsurprise.[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.[析]surprise的用法一般有三种
①用于句首,Toonessurprise如Tomysurprisehesucceeded.
②besurprisedat如Iwassurprisedatthenews.
③用于句尾insurprise.[误]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.[正]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.[析]becauseof后接名词,如Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.三例题解析1-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor[答案]D.[析]由于某事向某人道谢应用for2Canyouanswerthisquestion___EnglishAbyBinCwithDfrom[答案]B.[析]in表示用语言、声音、或材料,如Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.3Look___themap___China___thewallplease.AafterofinBatofinCafterinonDatofon[答案]D.[析]lookat为看,而onthewall为在墙表面挂着,而inthewall则是在墙内,如Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞4-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto[答案]C.[析]intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on如onacoldmorningonaspringmorning等5Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteachersface.AoffBnearConDbetween[答案]C.6Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout[答案]C.[析]getonwellwith与人相处很好7-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-Isee.Illcome___Saturdayevening.AinBatConDfor[答案]C.8 Letshurry,orwellbelate___schoolA toB atC withD for[答案]D.[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如Dontcomelatetoschool9 Theywillhaveamathstest___twodaysA forB atC inD after[答案]C.[析]三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays10 Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___A 1989,MarchB inMarch,1989C March,1989D 1989,inMarch[答案]B.[析]在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用on11 Hecouldntworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelpA withoutB underC forD with[答案]A.[析]在某人帮助下应用with,如WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily 而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp12 Grannytookonelookatus___herglassesA byB throughC onD in[答案]B.[析]through为穿过……13 Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___sevenA /,toB in,toC at,toD on,to[答案]C.[析]具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,这里应译为我在差一刻七点吃的早饭14 IlearnFrench___theradioeverydayA onB inC fromD at[答案]A.[析]从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio15 Itsgoodmannerstowait___lineA inB onC atD with[答案]A.[析]inline为排队16 HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lasttermA bytheendofB attheendofC totheendofD tilltheendof[答案]A.[析]bytheendof为动作的截止时间,与完成时态相配合17 Themanagerwasverysatisfied___hisworkA inB onC aboutD with[答案]D.[析]besatisfiedwith为固定搭配18 JohnhitJack___faceA ontheB intheC onhisD inhis[答案]B.[析]英文中的某些动词其后要接人,然后加介词+the+身体部位,如Hecaughttheboybythearm19 Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978A in,onB at,onC at,inD on,of[答案]D.[析]在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准20 Itsabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___troubleA over,inB at,inC in,atD at,for[答案]B.[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑着谈论某人或某事,introuble陷入困境21 Icantdothisworkwell___TomshelpA underB forC withoutD from[答案]C.22 Dontshout___theoldwoman Youshouldbemorepolite___herA to,atB at,toC in,forD from,for[答案]B.[析]shoutat为冲某人喊叫,而bepolitetosomebody为对某人和气23 Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everythingA with,inB in,withC with,toD to,of[答案]A.[析]bestrictwith对某人严格要求24 Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSundayA toB withoutC behindD between[答案]B.[析]withoutlunch未吃午饭25 ThepeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949A withB onC sinceD in[答案]D.[析]在年代前用in因句子是过去时而不是完成时,所以不能用since26 MrBlackgottoHangzhou___afewdaysA inB afterC onD at[答案]B.[析]这句话应译为几天之后Mr Black到达了杭州而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事,所以选B27 -Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy-Yes,hehasA fromB withC onD in[答案]C.[析]给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on28 Youmaydepend___him Heis___honestmanA on,aB in,anC on,anD at,the[答案]C.[析]dependon为依靠某人或某事,而honest的首字母h不发音29 ___myjoy,IcananswerthisquestionA WithB ToC ByD For[答案]B.[析]Toonesjoy意为使我高兴的是30 Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionaryA forB atC upD after[答案]C.[析]lookfor寻找,lookat看,lookafter照顾,lookup查字典31 Alittlemonkeyisplaying___atreeandtherearealotofbananas___itA on,onB in,onC on,inD in,in[答案]B.[析]树上长出的果实为onthetree 而其他外来之物要用inthetree,表达在树上32Igotoschool___buseverymorning.A.inB.byC.onD.at[答案]B.[析]by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某种交通工具去某地33Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with[答案]D.[析]withbadmanners有不良习惯的人34Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.A.intoB.forC.atD.outof[答案]C.[析]besurprisedat对某事吃惊35Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof[答案]C.[析]attheageof在几岁时36Thelittlegirlcouldnthelp___whenshesawalargedog.A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries[答案]C.[析]couldnthelp+动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事37Jackwasborn___March1st
1978.A.onB.inC.atD.of[答案]A.[析]日期,时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算38Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.A.toB.onC.inD.about[答案]C.[析]beinterestedinsomething对某事感兴趣39Theteacherwasverysatisfied___heranswer.A.inB.onC.forD.with[答案]D.40Thestoryhappened___Beijing.A.inB.withC.forD.on[答案]A.。