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2012高考英语阅读理解课堂练学案
(18)PassageFourteenPageantsPageantsareusuallyconceivedonafairlylargescaleoftenundertheauspicesofsomelocalorcivicauthorityoratanyrateinconnectionwithlocalgroupsofsomekind.Thissometimesmeansthatthereisanallocationoffundsavailableforthepurposeofmountingtheproductionthoughunfortunatelythiswillusuallybefoundtobeonthemeagersideandmuchingenuitywillhavetobeusedtostretchitsothatallperformerscanbeadequatelyclothed.Mostpageantshaveahistoricalflavourastheyusuallycomeaboutthroughthecelebrationoftheanniversaryofsomeeventofhistoricimportanceorthelifeordeathofsomelocalworthy.Researchamongarchivesandbooksinthepubliclibrarywillprobablyproveveryusefulandproducesomeworkableideaswhichwillgivetheproductionanespeciallylocalflavour.Fromthefirsteconomywillhavetobepracticedbecausethereareusuallyagreatnumberofpeopletodress.Leadingcharacterscanbeconsideredindividuallyinthesamewayaswhendesigningforaplay;butthemainbodyoftheperformerswillneedtobeplannedingroupsandthemassedeffectmustbealwaysborneinmind.Manypageantstakeplaceindaylightintheopenair.Thisisanentirelydifferentproblemfromdesigningcostumeswhicharegoingtobelookedatunderartificiallighting;foronethingscenesviewedinthedaylightaresubjecttomanymoredistractions.Nolongeriseverythingaroundcutoutbythesurroundingdarknessbutinsteaditisveryeasytobeawareofdisturbingmovementintheaudienceofbehindtheperformers.Verytheatricallyconceivedclothesdonotalwayslooktheirbestwhenseeninadaylightsettingoftreesverdantlawnsandoldivy-coveredwalls;thesamegoesforcostumesbeingworninfrontofthemellowcolorsofstatelyhomes.Thelocationneedstobestudiedandthenadecisioncanbemadeastowhatkindsofcolorsandtextureswillharmonizebestwiththesurroundingsandconditionsandthentocarrythisoutasfaraspossibleonthefundsavailable.Ifmoneyisavailabletodresstheperformerswithoutrecoursetotheirownhelpintheprovisionofitemsitisbesttoarrangeforallthecuttingandpinningtogetherofthecostumestobedonebyoneortwoexperiencedpeoplethantobegivenouttothegroupsandindividualsforcompletion.Whenthereislittleornomoneyatallthegarmentsneedtobereducedtothebasicnecessities.Cloaksandshawlsbecomeinvaluablesheetsandlargebathtowelsandbathsheetsareadmirablefordraping.Unwantedcurtainsandbedspreadscanbecuttomaketunicsrobesandskirts.Theseareparticularlyvaluableiftheyareofheavyfabricssuchasvelvetorchenille.Colorsshouldbemassedtogethersothattherearecontrastinggroupsofdarkandlightthiswillbefoundtohelpthevisualresultsubstantially.Crowdsofpeoplegatheredtogetherinajumbleofcolorswillbegroundtolookquitepurposelessandwilllackdramaticimpact.Theuseofnumbersofidenticalhead-dresseshoweversimplymadearealwayseffectivewhenworkingwithgroups.Ifthesearemadeofcardboardandpaintedboldlythecostcanbealmostnegligible.Helmetshatsandplumeswillallmakequiteashowevenifthecostumesareonlyblandestorsheetscleverlydraped.Thesamecanbesaidoftheuseofbannersshieldsandpoleswithstiffpennantsandgarlands—anythingwhichwillhelptohaveaunifyingeffect.Anykindofeye-catchingdevicewillalwaysgowithaflourishandaddexcitementtothescenes.
1. Themainideaofthispassageis[A].Pageants. .Costumesonthestage.[C].Costumesforpageants. [D]. Howtoarrangeapageant.
2. Itcanbeinferredthatthemostimportantfactorincostumedesignis[A].money. .color. [C].harmony [D].texture
3. Whywillmuchingenuityhavetoberequiredincostumedesign[A].Becausepageantstakeplaceindaylightintheopenair..Becausedifferentcharactersrequiredifferentcostumes.[C].Becausethecolorsandtexturesmustbeinharmonywiththesetting.[D].Becauseanallocationofthefundsavailableisusuallyrathersmall.
4. Whydomostpageantshaveahistoricalflavour[A].Becausemostpageantstakeplaceforcelebration..Manypageantstakeplaceforamusement.[C].Alotofpageantstakeplaceforreligion.[D].Becausepageantsusuallytakeplaceforcompetition.Vocabulary
1. conceive 设想,想象 tobeconceived 设想好的,构思好的
2. undertheauspicesof 在……的主办下
3. meager 贫乏的,不足的
4. mount 登上,制作,上演
5. flavour 风味,风格,情趣
6. archives 档案(馆)
7. distraction 使人分心的事
8. ivy 常春藤
9. mellow 柔和的
10. recourseto 依赖,求助于
11. drape 覆盖,披上
12. invaluable 无价的,非常贵重的
13. tunic (古时)长达膝盖的外衣,穿在盔甲上的战袍
14. chenille 绳绒绒(织品)
15. jumble 混乱,搞乱
16. pennant 细长三角旗
17. garland 花环,花冠难句译注
1. Thissometimesmeansthatthereisanallocationoffundsavailableforthepurposeofmountingtheproductionthoughunfortunatelythiswillusuallybefoundtobeonthemeagersideandmuchingenuitywillhavetobeusedtostretchitsothatallperformerscanbeadequatelyclothed.[结构简析] 复合结构That是主句的宾语从句,从句后再有从句[参考译文] 这种情况,有时就表示有一个可用于演出目的资金配额遗憾的是配额一般都少而不足,就得动用非常之才能细细的使用金额,使所有的演员都能穿上合适的戏装
2. Mostpageantshaveahistoricalflavourastheyusuallycomeaboutthroughthecelebrationoftheanniversaryofsomeeventofhistoricimportanceorthelifeordeathofsomelocalworthy.[结构简析] 主从句[参考译文] 大多数露天演出都带有历史情调,因为这些戏一般是通过庆祝某个重大的历史事件,或庆祝当地某个值得纪念的人诞辰或逝世周年而产生的
3. Thisisanentirelydifferentproblemfromdesigningcostumeswhicharegoingtobelookedatunderartificiallighting;foronethingscenesviewedinthedaylightaresubjecttomanymoredistractions.Nolongeriseverythingaroundcutoutbythesurroundingdarknessbutinsteaditisveryeasytobeawareofdisturbingmovementintheaudienceofbehindtheperformers.[结构简析] 复合结构主句thisis后有定语从句,which修饰costumes从句中又套从句[参考译文] 这和人为灯光下看的设计服装完全不一样首先,白天看到幕景易于受许多因素影响,不再能用一片漆黑的环境把周围的一切隔开,而是相反,演员后和观众中有点纷乱的动作,很容易看到
4. Verytheatricallyconceivedclothesdonotalwayslooktheirbestwhenseeninadaylightsettingoftreesverdantlawnsandoldivy-coveredwalls;thesamegoesforcostumesbeingworninfrontofthemellowcolorsofstatelyhomes.[结构简析] 并列句,中用分号隔开第一句中有whenseen连词+过去分词,实质起从句作用第二句是主从句[参考译文] 设计出的非常具有戏剧性效果的服装,在光天化日,有树木,有绿茵茵的草地,又有爬满常春藤的古老围墙的背景下,经常看起来是不起眼在堂皇的住宅四周一片和色调前,所穿的服装效果同样不太好
5. Ifmoneyisavailabletodresstheperformerswithoutrecoursetotheirownhelpintheprovisionofitemsitisbesttoarrangeforallthecuttingandpinningtogetherofthecostumestobedonebyoneortwoexperiencedpeoplethantobegivenouttothegroupsandindividualsforcompletion.[结构简析] 条件句,主句为逻辑主句,注意中间两个被动不定式Tobedonebythantobegivenout这里的than起连词作用[参考译文] 如果有钱可以为演员着装而不用求助自己供应种种物件,那么最好把所有的戏装的裁减和缝制交给一,两个有经验人去干,而不是让群体演员和单个演员去完成写作方法与文章大意文章论述露天演出的服装问题,由于露天演出不同于室内,剧院内演出,要从各个方面考虑服装问题,才能获得应有的舞台效果作者从资金多少,地方色彩,露天,白天,颜色搭配等方面来论述服装写法多种,有因果,对比,举例等答案祥解
1. C.露天演出的服装第一段末尾已经点明,“一般认为露天演出规模宏大,常常是由某个地方或当局(民政局主办赞助),或总是和某个地方集团有关这意味着有用于演出目的资金配额,遗憾的是配额一般很少,必须动用非常的才能,细细的使用资金,所有演员才能窗上恰当的服装”其他各段各有重点,但都是服务于剧装这一中心A.露天演出 B.舞台剧装(包括剧场) D.如何安排露天演出;涉及面或大或小,不适合
2. C. 和谐服装设计中最重要的因素是和谐这一点在几段中都提到,第二段最后一句“演员的主题必须以群体设计,头脑中必须经常记住群体效果”第三段最后一句“必须研究演出的地理位置,决出什么样的颜色和织物,能和环境,条件,达到最完美和谐”第五段专讲颜色搭配,“应当从总体考虑颜色,这样才有亮和暗的群体对比,帮助产生实感的视觉效果,一群穿着杂七杂八颜色服装的演员聚集在一起看起来乱哄哄缺乏戏剧效果”这也是和谐之要求A.钱钱要考虑出前两段外,第三段最后一句,讲完和谐后,也提到“尽可能以能到手的资金加以实现这决定”第四段中“在钱很少或是没有钱的情况下,服装得降到基本需要”,下面就讲利用被单,浴巾,窗帘做服装,所以钱在服装设计中很重要,但不能列为最重要因素,有钱没有钱都得以服装协调为主 B.颜色D.织品同样都的服从和谐这一前提
3. D.因为能得到资金的配额都很少第一段最后一句话,见第一题译注A.因为在光天化日下演出 B.因为不同演员要求不同服装 C.颜色和织物必须和布景谐调这些只是考虑的因素见上面译文
4. A.因为大多数露天演出都是为纪念庆祝第二段第一句“露天演出一般都是某个具有历史意义事件,或者当地某个值得纪念的人物的诞辰和逝世周年,所以大多数露天演出都具有历史纪念色彩”B.许多露天演出是为了娱乐 C.许多露天演出是为了宗教 D.因为露天演出一般是参与竞赛三项都不对PassageFifteenTheSecondWaveofFeminism ThestatisticsI’vecitedandthelivingexamplesarealltoofamiliartoyou.Butwhatmaynotbesofamiliarwillbetheincreasingnumberofwomenwhoarelookingactivelyforadvancementofforanewjobinyouroffices.ThiswomanmaybeequippedwithprofessionalskillsandperhapsvaluableexperienceShewillnotbecontenttobeExecutiveAssistanttoMr.SeldomSeenoftheAssistantVicePresident’sGirlFridaywhoistheonlyonewhocomesinonSaturday. SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe. Herforerunnerwastheradicalfeministwhointerpretedhertrappedpositionasafemaleasoppressionbythemasterclassofmen.Menshebelievedhadcreatedadomesticservileroleforwomeninorderthatmencouldhavethecareerandtheopportunitytoparticipateinmakingthegreatdecisionsofsociety.Thustheradicalfeministheldthatwomenthroughhistoryhadbeenoppressedanddehumanizedmainlybecausemanchosetoexploithiswifeandthemotherofhischildren.Sometimesitwasdeliberateexploitationandsometimesitwastheinnocenceofneverlookingbeneaththepretensionsoflife. Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttimetheycouldexploretheirownidentitiesrealizetheirownpowerandviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitantclass-warfaretone.BettyFriedanGloriaSteinemGermaineGreerandmanyothershammeredhometheirideaswithapersistencethatarousedandintriguedmanyofthebrightestandmostablewomeninthecountry.Consciousness-raisinggroupsallowedwomentoexploreboththeiridentitiesandtheirdreams—andthetwowereoftenfoundindirectconflict.WhatisthestereotypedroleofAmericanwomenMarriage.Ason.Twodaughters.Breakfast.Ironing.Lunch.Bowlingmaybeagardencluboffortheverydaringnon-creditcoursesinceramics.Perhapsanoccasionalcocktailparty.Dinner.FootballorbaseballonTV.Eachdaythesame.Neveranygrowthinexpectations—unlessitisgrowthbecausethehusbandhassucceeded.Theinevitablequestion:“Isthatallthereistolife”Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.Itisnotdifficultthereforetodetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillmentratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetencethroughfindingacareerthroughtheuseofeducation.Rememberthatformanydecadestheeducationofwomenwasnotsupposedtobeuseful.
1. Whatwasthemainideaofthispassage[A].TheSecondWaveofFeminist. .Women’sIndependentSpirits.[C].TheUnityofWomen. [D].TheActionofUnion.
2. Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardtheradical[A].Hesupporteditwholeheartedly. .Heopposeditstrongly.[C].Hedisapprovedtosomeextent. [D].Heignoreditcompletely.
3. Whatdoestheword“militant”mean[A].Aggressive. .Ambitions. [C].Progressive. [D].Independent.4 Whatwastheradicalfeminist’sviewpointaboutthemale[A].Womenwereexploitedbythemale..Womenwereindependentofthemale.[C].Women’slivesweredeprivedbythemale.[D].Themaleweretheircommonenemy.Vocabulary
1. trapped 被诱入圈套的,陷阱
2. servile 屈从的,奴隶的,奴性的
3. dehumanized 使失去人/个性的
4. pretension 要求,权利,借口
5. lookbeneath 看到下面
6. bandtogether 紧密团结在一起
7. explore 探索,考察
8. phase 阶段,方面,形式
9. class-warfare 阶级斗争
10. hammerhome 硬性灌输 hammerhomeanideaintosb. 硬向某人灌输某种观念
11. intrigue 使着迷,密谋,用诡计取得
12. stereotype 固定不变的,陈规旧习的
13. attest 证明,证实,表明
14. chauvinist 沙文主义者,男子至上主义这
15. moderation (政治,宗教上)稳健中庸,缓和
16. fulfillment 臻于完善,发挥潜在能力
17. sexism 性别歧视(常指其实妇女)
18. beindependentof 独立于……之外,不受……控制/支配难句译注
1. ShewillnotbecontenttobeExecutiveAssistanttoMr.SeldomSeenoftheAssistantVicePresident’sGirlFridaywhoistheonlyonewhocomesinonSaturday.这是作者杜撰的名字,含有讽刺内涵Mr.SeldomSeen很少见到的先生说明公司很难见到他那么做他的助手就是她替他干一切活星期五姑娘星期五是《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的一个人物,是鲁滨逊的仆人这位星期六休假日来上班的姑娘,当然得干主人的一切活[参考译文] 她不会满意做“很少见”先生的助手,也不愿做助理副主席的星期五姑娘,那位姑娘是唯一的一个星期六来上班的人
2. Menshebelievedhadcreatedadomesticservileroleforwomeninorderthatmencouldhavethecareerandtheopportunitytoparticipateinmakingthegreatdecisionsofsociety.[结构简析] shebelieved形式上插入语,实际Men句是它的宾语从句Inorderthat义为的是目的状语[参考译文] 她认为男人为妇女创制了一个持家操劳的奴隶角色,为的是男人可以获得事业和机遇参与决定重大的社会抉择
3. Thustheradicalfeministheldthatwomenthroughhistoryhadbeenoppressedanddehumanizedmainlybecausemanchosetoexploithiswifeandthemotherofhischildren.Sometimesitwasdeliberateexploitationandsometimesitwastheinnocenceofneverlookingbeneaththepretensionsoflife.[结构简析] 两句句子前一句的宾语为主从句,后为并列句[参考译文] 于是,激进女权主义者认为综观历史,妇女一直是被压迫被奴役,被非人化,主要原因就是因为男人就是想剥削他的妻子,孩子们的母亲有时是有意的剥削;有时是由于没有透过生活的假象看到问题的实质,是无知所致
4. BettyFriedanGloriaSteinemGermaineGreerandmanyothershammeredhometheirideaswithapersistencethatarousedandintriguedmanyofthebrightestandmostablewomeninthecountry.[参考译文] BettyFriedan,GloriaSteinem,GermaineGreer,以及其他许多激进女权主义者坚持不懈的强行灌输(推行)他们的思想,幻想并吸引了国内无数最聪容,最能干的妇女写作方法与文章大意文章论述“争取女权运动的妇女”,也可以说是女权运动的第二次浪潮作者从历史上的女权运动激进分子观点谈起妇女为男人所奴役,剥削因为男的想独揽决策社会的大权,到女子觉醒,认识自己和自己的力量,把男人视作她们共同的敌人最后是目前向缓冲发展的趋势,也是作者观点答案祥解
1. A.第二次女权运动的浪潮在第一段,一般性描述之后(见难句译注1),作者画龙点睛的指明“她就是我所指的第二次女权运动浪潮的象征她是决心要成为的现代妇女的代表”以后的文章就是围绕女权运动而写的见文章大意B.妇女的独立精神这只是女权运动中部分内容 C.妇女团结第三段一开始就提到“激进女权主义者发现了紧密团结在一起的力量”也是女权运动的部分内容D.团结运动
2. C.有点不赞成这在最后两段表现的最为明显“许多女权运动组织迅速发展证明这些激进争取女权的人触到了某些活跃的神经(非常活跃)Ms杂志就在《生活》停刊那年诞生可是唤起觉醒的会议常常成为这些活动的目的性别歧视(歧视妇女)也常常颠倒过来并且提倡憎恨男人许多人曾是男权至上主义者”“因此,察觉向平和中的趋向发展并不难提高觉悟的做法越来越被认为是独立与成就的方式,而不是庆贺成就本身的仪式真正的独立是能够通过能力,通过寻找一份事业,通过应用教育加以实现要记住,几十年来,妇女教育被认为是无用的”如果是倒数第二段是作者对激进分子有点批评,不满的态度的表现,那么最后一段就是作者的观点独立是靠塌实工作,提高妇女自身的能力来实现的A.他全心全意的拥护 B.他强烈反对不完全如此 D.他完全忽视不顾
3. A.好斗的(斗争性强的)第三段第三句“在最近5年中女权运动首要方面常常具有这种好斗的阶级斗争调子”B.野心的 C.进步的 D.独立的
4. D.男人是她们共同的敌人第三段“激进女权运动分子在紧密团结中找到了力量第一次她们认识了自己,她们可以探索自我,意识到她们的力量,把男人及其制度视为她们共同的敌人”A.妇女为男人们所剥削这在第三段中讲到,见难句译注3这是妇女观点中具体内容之一也是为什么说男人及制度是她们共同敌人的原因之一 B.妇女不受男人支配 C.男人剥夺了女人生活。