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2012高考英语阅读理解课堂练学案
(22)PassageTwenty-threeWomenandFashionsWheneveryouseeanoldfilmevenonemadeaslittleastenyearsagoyoucannothelpbeingstruckbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhair-stylesandmake-uplookdated;theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort;theirgeneralappearanceisinfactslightlyludicrous.Thementakingpartinthefilmontheotherhandareclearlyrecognizable.Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggestthattheybelongtoanentirelydifferentage.Thisillusioniscreatedbychangingfashions.Overtheyearthegreatmajorityofmenhavesuccessfullyresistedallattemptstomakethemchangetheirstyleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachyearafewso-calledtopdesignersinParisorLondonlaydownthelawandwomenthewholeworldoverrushtoobey.Thedecreesofthedesignersareunpredictableanddictatorial.Thisyeartheydecideintheirarbitraryfashionskirtswillbeshortandwaistswillbehigh;zipsareinandbuttonsareout.Nextyearthelawisreversedandfarfromtakingexceptionnooneisevenmildlysurprised.Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryeartheyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheyshudderatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashiontheyareannuallyblack-mailedbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobediscardedbecauseofthedictatesoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofitonlyawomeniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethanthedeliberatecreationofwaste.Manywomensquandervastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtodiscardclothinginthiswaywastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Hem-limesaretakenuporletdown;waist-linesaretakeninorletout;neck-linesareloweredorraisedandsoon.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmthcomfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfortprovidingtheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshiveringinaflimsydressonawintrydayordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowindaintyshoes.Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashiontheconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothesonewondersreflectbasicqualitiesofficklenessandinstabilityMenaretoosensibletoletthemselvesbebulliedbyfashiondesigners.DotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliabilityThatisforyoutodecide.
1. Themainideaofthispassageis[A].Newfashionsinclothesreflectthequalitiesofwomen..Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedsolelyforcommercialexploitationofwomen.[C].Thetopdesignersseemtohavetherighttocreatingnewfashion.[D].Menhavethebasicqualityofreliability.
2. Whydothegeneralappearanceofactresseslookludicrous[A].Becausetheywanttheirappearanceinthefashion..Becausethetopdesignerswantthemtofollowthefashion.[C].Becausethetopdesignerswantthemtomakefashion.[D].Becausethetopdesignerswantthemtoleadthefashion.
3. Whyarewomenmercilesslyexploitedbythefashiondesigners[A].Theylovenewfashion. .Theylovenewclothes.[C].Theywanttolookbeautiful. [D].Theyaretoovain.
4. Whatarefashiondesignersinterestedin[A].Outwardappearance. .Comfort.[C].Beauty. [D].Durability.Vocabulary
1. dated 过时的
2. decree 法令,命令
3. dictatorial 专制的,惟我独尊的
4. arbitrary 任意的,专横的
5. takeexceptionat 生气,发怒
6. takeexceptiontoagainst 对……提出异议
7. dictatespl 意旨,命令,指令
8. squander 浪费
9. hem 褶边,折缝,镶边
10. flimsy 薄的,没有价值的
11. dainty 雅致的,讲究的
12. fickle 易变的,轻浮的
13. bully 欺负
14. laydownthelaw (制定法律)这里指服装设计师发号施令或定出条条框框难句译注
1. laydownthelaw 制定法律这里指发号施令或定出条条框框
2. Nextyearthelawisreversedandfarfromtakingexceptionnooneisevenmildlysurprised. [参考译文]第二年,条例又反过来,人们远没有生气,甚至连稍稍的惊讶都没有写作方法和文章大意文章论述“妇女时装更新”问题,采用因果,对比手法先从男女演员服装的差异,谈到服装设计师年年变更样式,风格妇女不顾一切的追随,甘愿被剥削的根源而男人却能淡然处之答案祥解
1. B.创制新时装就是对妇女的商业性剥削答案遍及全文也有几段突出描述如第二段第四句“每年,巴黎,伦敦的一些所谓高级设计师定出条条框框,全世界妇女竞相服从设计师的条令难以预测,说一不二”第三段“要说妇女年年被无情的剥削之事,只能怪她们自己由于她们一想起在公共场所穿着过失的衣服就会发抖,所以他们每年都被设计师和大商店讹诈(勒索)……”第四段“许多妇女(每年)浪费大笔钱财来置换她们从未穿过的服装,时装变化就是故意创造浪费”A.时装反映妇女的秉性这是在最后一段结论中提及,不是中心思想 D.男人具有可靠性的基本素质不对 C.高级设计师似乎有权创造新款式这是作者在批评设计者
2. D.因为高级设计师请她们领导时装潮流只是常识,设计师新颖服装的推出,首先是让演员试装——等于时装模特的效用,掀起可以领导时装的新潮流A.他们要打扮入时,这只是演员的一方面 B.随大流 C.作作样子都是不对的
3. D.他们太好虚荣这在文章的好几段内都提到如第一题中的第二段,三段,四段的参考译文如第三段后半部分“只穿了几次的衣服就因为时尚的命令而弃之一边当你想到只有妇女能站在堆满衣服的衣柜前,悲哀的诉说她没有衣服穿”第四段的后半段“花不起大笔钱财买衣服的妇女会花上好几个小时把他们已有的衣服换来换去”第五段后半部分“男人一生中经常可以看到大冬天妇女颤抖在薄薄的衣衫中,或者穿着精致的鞋在雪地上选路走,这都令他们发笑”最后一段结论,画龙点睛的以问点明“经常不断的换时装人们不禁要问,这是不是反映了妇女轻浮和易变的基本素质(秉性)?”A.她们爱新时尚; B.她们爱新衣服; C.她们想瞧着美这三项只是虚荣的部分组成
4. A.外观答案在第五段“没有人认为时装工业为社会作过真正的贡献时装设计师很少关心保暖,舒服和耐穿这类紧要的事,他们只是对外观感性趣,他们利用了妇女的心理只要看着美,她们能忍受一切(痛苦)不舒服……”B.舒适 C.美,时装不一定美 D. 耐穿PassageTwenty-fourASmugglingSyndicate Thesmugglerinmanywaysisjustanotherinternationalbusinessmanandhisturnoverwoulddocredittomanyinternationalcorporations.Hisbusinesshappenstobeillegalandriskybutlookatthestakesinvolved:$5billionworthofheroinsmuggledintotheUnitedStateseachyearand$
1.5billioningoldpassingannuallyalongsmugglingpipelinestoIndiaandIndonesiatoFranceandMoroccotoBrazilandTurkey.PerhapshalfofallthewatchesmadeinSwitzerlandreachtheireventualwearersbysomebackdoor.Mostofthisillicittradeiscarriedonwithalltheefficiencyofanymultinationalcompany.Entirelylegitimatebusinessessuchasatravelbureauoranimport-exportagencyarealsooftenfrontsforsmugglingorganizations.Oneoftheworld’slargestgoldsmugglersalsoownedandoperatedthefranchiseforaleadingmakeofBritishcarsinasmallMiddleEasterncountry.Hemadeagoodprofitfrombothactivities. Asmugglingsyndicateoperatesmuchlikeanyotherbusiness.Thebossisreallyachiefexecutive.Hemakesalltheplansestablishesinternationalcontactsandthinksupthesmugglingroutesandmethodbutremainsalooffromactualoperations.Heisaidedbyahandfulofmanagerslookingaftersuchspecialtiesasfinancingtravelonereasonwhymanysmugglingsyndicatesfindithandytohavetheirowntravelagencythebribingofairlineorcustomsofficialsandrecruitmentofcouriersormulesastheyarecalled.Theremayalsobesomeoneinchargeoflocalarrangementsinthecountriestowhichthesmuggledgoodsisgoing. Anothersimilaritybetweenlegitimatebusinessanditsillegalcounterpartispricefluctuation.Justasthepricesofproductstradedlegallyvarywithqualityandmarketconditionssuchassupplyanddemandsodothepricesofgoodsgoupanddowninthesmugglingtrade.Considerthepriceofdrugs.Heroinandcannabisinwhateverformorbywhatevernameconeinseveralgradeseachwithagoingprice.Thewholesalepriceatwhichbigdealersselltobigdealersislessthanthestreetprice.Whentheauthoritiesaresuccessfulinreducingthesupplybuyseizuresthepriceofallgradesrises.
1. Themainideaforthispassageis[A].TheComparisonbetweenLegitimateBusinessandItsIllegalCounterpart..ThesimilaritiesbetweenLegitimateBusinessandSmuggling.[C].SmugglersMayMakeGreatProfitfromBothActivities.[D].TheBossinSmugglingSyndicateisaChiefExecutive.
2. Whenisthepricegoingdown[A].Thequalityofthefoodsandmarketconditionarenotverywell..Thequalityofgoodsandmarketconditionvary.[C].Unbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.[D].Thepriceofothergoodsfluctuates.
3. Itcanbeinferredthatasmuggler[A].maymakeplanandestablishinternationalcontacts..isarealboss.[C].maymakemoneyindifferentways.[D].maysellothergoods.
4. Oneofthebestwayssmugglersusuallytakeis[A].tosetupmultinationalcompanies..toengageinillegalbusinessesonly.[C].tomakelegitimatebusinessesasfrontsforsmugglingorganizations. [D].tomakegoodprofitsfrombothactivities.Vocabulary
1. turnover 营业额
2. docreditto 增光于某人/某物
3. stake 下在投机生意上的股本,赌注
4. smugglingpipeline 走私线路
5. speciality 专业部门,公司
6. recruit 招募,添补(新兵)难句译注
1. Thesmugglerinmanywaysisjustanotherinternationalbusinessmanandhisturnoverwoulddocredittomanyinternationalcorporations.[结构简析]并列句[参考译文]走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人,而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍走私集团的文章,采用对比写法——正常(合法)的商业和走私(非法)集团的对比第一段第一句就点明宗旨走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人,而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光不仅如此,有的也经营合法商业,如旅游,进出口公司等,这些往往是非法走私组织的前哨阵地第二段介绍了走私辛迪加的经营情况非常类似其他商业老板就是真正的(执行)董事长他制定计划,签定国际合同,确定走私路线和方法但不参与具体执行行动有一批经理助他管理各个专业部门,如财政,旅行,贿赂海关或航空公司官员等,还有当地接应走私货品的负责人第三段叙述了合法和非法贸易另一个相似点——价格波动,价格随市场供需和商品质量而有所差异答案祥解
1. B.合法商业和走私的相似性是这篇文章的中心思想它是通过对比方法说明这种相似性并不是两者对比得出结论所以A.合法商业和非法商业比较不对 C.走私者可以从两种活动中谋取利润 和 D.走私集团中的老板是董事长,只是对比中提到个别具体事实不是中心思想
2. A.货物质量和市场情况不好第三段第二句“正如合法商业按质论价和按市场供需价一样,走私商品也是按这两者调节价格的上升和下降”所以当质量和市场情况不好价格就跌B.货物质量和市场变化这并不一定跌价,也可能上升 C.供需不平衡并没有说明供大于求,和跌价无关 D.其它商品价波动这不一定下跌所以BCD都不对
3. D.可能会卖其他货品题目是推断,(infer)从第一段最后一句“世界上最大走私黄金商之买卖,可推断出走私商照样可以经营其他商品至于A.制定计划,签定合同 B.走私商是真正的老板 C.以不同的方式赚钱,都是文章中直抒,不是推断出来的结论
4. C.以合法商业掩护他们走私是走私商经常采用,也是最佳的方法之一A.多国公司 B.只从事非法商贸,这并不是最佳方法 D.从两方面赚钱,并不是方法,而是有了掩护所后,多一份收入而已PassageTwenty-fiveExplorationoftheTitanic Afterrestingontheoceanfloorsplitasunderandrustingfornearlythree-quartersofacenturyagreatshipseemedtoconealiveagain.ThesagaoftheWhiteStarlinerTitanicwhichstruckanicebergandsankonitsmaidenvoyagein1912carryingmorethan1500passengerstotheirdeathhasbeencelebratedinprintandonfilminpoetryandsong.Butlastweekwhathadbeenlegendarysuddenlybecamereal.Astheyviewedvideotapesandphotographsofthesunkenleviathanmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcouldsensehermasshereeriequietandtheruinedsplendorofalostage.WatchingontelevisiontheyvicariouslyjoinedtheunderseacraftAlvinandJasonJr.J.J.astheytouredthewreckageoftheluxurylinerwanderingacrossthedeckspastcorrodedbollardspeeringintotheofficer’squartersandthroughrust-curtainedportholes.Viewsoftherailingswheredoomedpassengersandcrewmembersstoodevokedimagesofthemoonlessnight74yearsagowhenthegreatshipslippedbeneaththewaves.Thetwo-minutevideotapeandninephotographsallincolorandshot12500ft.undertheNorthAtlanticwereatinysampleof60hoursofvideoand60000stillsgarneredduringthetwelve-dayexploration.TheyarereleasedataWashingtonpressconferenceconductedbyMarineGeologistRobertBallard44wholedtheteamsfromtheWoodHoleOceanographicInstitutionthatfoundtheTitaniclastSeptemberandrevisiteditthisJuly.RecountingthehighlightsofwhathasalreadybecomethemostcelebratedfeatofunderwaterexplorationBallardrevealedsomestartlingnewinformation.Hisdeep-divingcraftfailedtofindthe300-ft.gashthataccordingtolegendwastornintheTitanic’shullwhentheshipplowedintotheiceberg.Insteadhesuggestedthecollisionhadbuckledtheship’splatesallowingwatertopourin.HealsobroughtbackevidencethattheshipbrokeapartnotwhenshehitbottomashehadthoughtwhenviewingthefirstTitanicimageslastSeptemberbutasshesank:thesternwhichsettledonthebottomalmost1800ft.fromthebowhadswiveled180onitswaydown.
1. Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage[A].NewInformationabouttheSunkenShip..ExplorationoftheTitanic.[C].TowatchtheVideotape.[D].ToexploretheTitanicwithHighTech.
2. Howdidtheviewersfeelwhenwatchingthevideotape[A].Theyfeltrathersadandfelttheythemselvestookpartintheexploration..Theyfeltkeenlyforit.[C].Theyfeltratherbadaboutit.[D].Theyfeltoutofspirits.
3. Whendidthegreatshipsink[A].In
1912..Shesankinitsmaidenvoyagein
1912.[C].Shesankinitssecondvoyagein
1912.[D].Shesankinitsfirstvoyagein
1912.
4. WhatdidRobertrevealatapressconference[A].Herevealedsomestartlinginformation..Hesaidnothing.[C].Hecomplainedtheexplorationwasveryhard.[D].Herevealedthesuccessoftheirwork.Vocabulary
1. splitasunder 向不同方向裂开,散开
2. saga 英雄传说,冒险故事
3. maidenvoyage 处女航
4. celebrate 赞美,庆祝这里指大肆宣传
5. leviathan 巨型远洋轮
6. eerie 可怕的,怪异的
7. splendor 美妙的景象
8. vicariously 产生共鸣的,代理的
9. luxuryliner 豪华巨轮
10. bollard 系揽柱
11. porthole 舷窗
12. railing 栏杆
13. evoke 唤起,引起,(招)魂
14. still 静物摄影照片
15. garner 收集,积累
16. highlight 最精彩场面,最重要部分
17. feat 功绩
18. gash 裂缝
19. hull 船体
20. plowinto=ploughinto 撞上,干劲十足的投入
21. buckle 使弯曲
22. stern 船尾
23. bow 船头
24. swivel 旋转难句译注
1. ThesagaoftheWhiteStarlinerTitanicwhichstruckanicebergandsankonitsmaidenvoyagein1912carryingmorethan1500passengerstotheirdeathhasbeencelebratedinprintandonfilminpoetryandsong.[结构简析]被动语态,中插定语从句whichstruck和分词短语carryingmorethan都是修饰liner.[参考译文]白星级定期轮班泰坦尼克号于1912年的首航中因撞上冰山而沉没,船上一千五百多名乘客全部罹难此后关于它的种种传说一直为各种刊物,电影,诗歌和歌曲广泛宣传
2. WatchingontelevisiontheyvicariouslyjoinedtheunderseacraftAlvinandJasonJr.J.J.astheytouredthewreckageoftheluxurylinerwanderingacrossthedeckspastcorrodedbollardspeeringintotheofficer’squartersandthroughrust-curtainedportholes.[结构简析]主从句,主句前有分词短语watching修饰主句中的they(观众),而从句中(as)they是指Alvin和JasonJr.后面的分词短语都是说明从句中的they[参考译文]观众们看着电视,就像亲临其境似的参与深水工作船阿尔文号和机器人探测器小贾森的工作随他们巡视这艘豪华举轮残骸,漫游甲板,经过侵蚀的系栏柱,凝视高级船员舱,穿过满是铁锈的舷窗
3. Viewsoftherailingswheredoomedpassengersandcrewmembersstoodevokedimagesofthemoonlessnight74yearsagowhenthegreatshipslippedbeneaththewaves.[结构简析]主从句,主句中定从where修饰railings[参考译文]看到那些栏杆使人想起七十四年前就在这艘巨轮沉入汪洋的那个暗无星月的夜晚,罹难的旅客和水手们也曾站在栏杆旁
4. HealsobroughtbackevidencethattheshipbrokeapartnotwhenshehitbottomashehadthoughtwhenviewingthefirstTitanicimageslastSeptemberbutasshesank:thesternwhichsettledonthebottomalmost1800ft.fromthebowhadswiveled180onitswaydown.[结构简析]结构复杂Thatclause是evidence的同位语That从句中用了not…but句型Not句中为主从句加状从ashehadthough…,but句中为主从句,中插入定语从句whichsettled修饰thestern[参考译文]他还带回证据说明船不是撞在海底时断裂的,而是在下沉时断裂的船尾下沉时旋转一百八十度,它在海底几乎离船头一千八百英尺远而在他去年九月第一次见到泰坦尼克号时,还以为船是撞到海底才断裂的写作方法与文章大意 文章描述了对沉没巨轮(泰坦尼克号)探测的情况,也是一篇三段式模式的文章先时间,地点,所发生沉轮的事实,再引了录像带把进行探测的全过程呈现,最后是惊人的结果答案祥解
1. D.用高技术探测泰坦尼克号第一段最后一句“当世界上千百万人观看这艘沉没巨轮的录像带说,他们都会觉察到她的巨大的船体,她周围可怕的沉寂和岁月流失那种凄惨的景象”这里已说明是探测的录像片第三段“这两分钟彩色录像带和九张照片是在被大西洋12500英尺深处拍摄的,它们只是十二天探测期间拍摄的60小时录像带和60000静物照中的一小部分这些录像带和照片是44对的海洋地质学家罗伯特巴拉德领导的伍德霍尔海洋研究所科学探险队,于去年九月发现了泰坦尼克号并于今年七月重访了它”第二段中点明用“深水工作船和机器人小贾森……”高科技A.有关沉船的新消息这只是罗伯特在记者招待会上宣布的一条消息作为标题不合适 B.探测泰坦尼克号,接近标题,但没有D确切 C.看录像带
2. A.他们黯然神伤,有身临其境在探测之感见第1题中第一段最后一句注译和难句译注2B.他们很同情这艘船; C.他们感到不愉快 D.他们感到很消沉这三段文内都没有提到
3. B.她于1912年首航中沉没见难句译注1A.1913 C.1912第二次航行 D.1913年首航这三项都不对
4. A.他宣布一个惊人的消息见最后一段第二句起“他的探潜工作船没找到泰坦尼克号船上那三百英尺长裂缝,据说这裂缝是巨轮撞冰山时在船体上留下的相反,巴拉德认为与冰山相撞造成船体弯曲变形,使海水大量涌入船内”后面译文见难句译注4B.他没有说什么 C.他抱怨探测工作非常艰难 D.他宣布探测成功这三项文内没有涉及。