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2012高考英语阅读理解课堂练学案
(23) Acompetitorsabotages Newandbizarrecrimeshavecomeintobeingwiththeadventofcomputertechnology.Organizedcrimetohasbeendirectlyinvolved;thenewtechnologyoffersitunlimitedopportunitiessuchasdatacrimestheftofservicesproperty-relatedcrimesindustrialsabotagepoliticallyrelatedsabotagevandalismcrimesagainsttheindividualandfinanciallyrelatedcrimes… Theftofdataordatacrimehasattractedtheinterestoforganizedcriminalsyndicates.Thisisusuallythetheftorcopyingofvaluablecomputergrogram.Aninternationalmarketalreadyexistsforcomputerizeddataandspecializedfencesaresaidtobeplayingakeyroleinthisrapidlyexpandingcriminalmarket.Buyersforstolenprogramsmayrangefromafirm’scompetitorstoforeignnations. Acompetitorsabotagesacompany’scomputersystemtodestroyorcripplethefirm’soperationalabilitythusneutralizingitscompetitivecapabilityeitherintheprivateorthegovernmentsector.Thiscomputersabotagemayalsobetiedtoanattemptbyaffluentinvestorstoacquirethevictimfirm.Withthegrowingreliancebyfirmsoncomputersfortheirrecordkeepinganddailyoperationssabotageoftheircomputerscanresultininternalhavocafterwhichthegroupinterestedinacquiringthefirmcaneasilybuyitatasubstantiallylowerprice.Criminalgroupscouldalsoresorttosabotageifthecompanyisacompetitorofabusinessownedorcontrolledbyorganizedcrime. Politicallymotivatedsabotageisontheincrease;politicalextremistgroupshavesproutedoneverycontinent.Sophisticatedcomputertechnologyarmsthesegroupswithawesomepowersandopenstechnologicallyadvancednationstotheirattack.Severalattemptshavealreadybeenmadetodestroycomputerfacilityatanairforcebase.Auniversitycomputerfacilityinvolvedinnationaldefenceworksufferedmorethan$2millionindamagesasaresultofabombing. Computervulnerabilityhasbeenamplydocumented.Onecongressionalstudyconcludedthatneithergovernmentnorprivatecomputersystemsareadequatelyprotectedagainstsabotage.Organizedcriminalsyndicateshaveshowntheirwillingnesstoworkwithpoliticallymotivatedgroups.Investigatorshaveuncoveredevidenceofcooperationbetweencriminalgroupsandforeigngovernmentsinnarcotics.Criminalgroupshavetakenattemptsinassassinatingpoliticalleaders….Computersareusedinhospitallife-supportsysteminlaboratoriesandinmajorsurgery.Criminalscouldeasilyturnthesecomputersintotoolsofdevastation.Bysabotagingthecomputerofalife-supportsystemcriminalscouldkillanindividualaseasilyastheyhadusedagun.Bymanipulatingacomputertheycouldguideawesometoolsofterroragainstlargeurbancenters.Citiesandnationscouldbecomehostages.Homicidecouldtakeanowform.Thecomputermaybecomethehitmanofthetwentiethcentury. Thecomputeropensvastareasofcrimetoorganizedcriminalgroupsbothnationalandinternational.Itcallsonthemtopooltheirresourcesandincreasetheircooperativeeffortsbecausemanyofthesecrimesaretoocomplexforonegrouptohandleespeciallythoserequitingavastnetworkoffences.Althoughcriminalshaveadaptedtocomputertechnologylawenforcementhasnot.Manystillthinkintermsoftraditionalcriminology.
1. Howmanykindsofcrimesarementionedinthepassage[A].
7. .
8. [C].
9. [D].
102. Whatisthepurposeofacompetitortosabotageacompany’scomputer[A].Hispurposeistodestroyorweakenthefirm’soperationalability..Hispurposeistoweakenfirm’scompetitivecapabilityandgetit.[C].Hispurposeistobuytherival’scompanyatarelativelylowprice.[D].Hispurposeistostealimportantdata.
3. Whichofthefollowingcanbelabeledasapoliticallymotivatedsabotageofacomputersystem[A].Sabotageofauniversitycomputer..Sabotageofahospitalcomputer.[C].Sabotageofcomputeratasecrettrainingbase.[D].Sabotageofafactorycomputer.
4. Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Homicidecouldtakeanewform”[A].Thereisnoneedtouseaguninkillingaperson..Criminalscankillwhoevertheywantbyacomputer.[C].Thecomputercanreplaceanyweapons.[D].Thefunctionofacomputerisjustlikeagun.Vocabulary
1. bizarre 奇怪的
2. vandalism 破坏,故意破坏文化,艺术的行为
3. cripple 使瘫痪,削弱
4. fence 贼市,脏品买卖处
5. neutralize 使成为无效
6. affluent 富裕的
7. recordkeeping 记录存贮
8. havoc 浩劫,大破坏
9. resortto 求助于,借助于
10. motivate 作为……的动机,激发
11. extremist 过激分子,极端主义分子
12. sprout 萌发迅速发展
13. awesome 令人惊惧的,引起敬畏的
14. vulnerability 易受攻击,脆弱
15. devastation 劫持,破坏
16. hospitallife-supportsystem医院的生命维持系统
17. hitman 职业凶手(杀手)
18. pool 集中(资金)合办,入股
19. criminology 犯罪学,刑事学难句译注
1. Organizedcrimetohasbeendirectlyinvolved;thenewtechnologyoffersitunlimitedopportunitiessuchasdatacrimestheftofservicesproperty-relatedcrimesindustrialsabotagepoliticallyrelatedsabotagevandalismcrimesagainsttheindividualandfinanciallyrelatedcrimes…[结构简析]句子很长,都是简单句,中间有分号隔开,后面是举例[参考译文]有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与计算机新技术较为犯罪提供了无限的机会,如数据信息犯罪,偷窃服务项目,跟财产有关的犯罪,工业破坏,跟政治有关的破坏,破坏文化艺术,对个人和财经方面的罪行等等
2. Aninternationalmarketalreadyexistsforcomputerizeddataandspecializedfencesaresaidtobeplayingakeyroleinthisrapidlyexpandingcriminalmarket.[结构简析]并列句,and作对比连接词用[参考译文]一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在,而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用
3. Acompetitorsabotagesacompany’scomputersystemtodestroyorcripplethefirm’soperationalabilitythusneutralizingitscompetitivecapabilityeitherintheprivateorthegovernmentsector.[结构简析]主谓宾补结构,后跟thus+从句表示结果[参考译文]竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力,从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力
4. Thecomputeropensvastareasofcrimetoorganizedcriminalgroupsbothnationalandinternational.Itcallsonthemtopooltheirresourcesandincreasetheircooperativeeffortsbecausemanyofthesecrimesaretoocomplexforonegrouptohandleespeciallythoserequitingavastnetworkoffences.[结构简析]两句话前一句为主谓宾,后一句为主从句,从句内采用too…to句型,后跟分词独立结构进一步说明[参考译文]计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域它要求它们集中资源,提高通力协作力量,因为许多犯罪太复杂,一个集团难以驾驭,特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行写作方法与文章大意文章介绍“计算机犯罪”,采用分类写作手法,先列出种种计算机犯罪项,下面逐一说明文本只选四种犯罪——信息数据偷窃或信息(数据)犯罪,产业破坏,政治破坏,对个人生命破坏分四段叙述,每段为一种罪行,最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织,势力请大,而司法部门却没有准备好答案祥解
1. B.8种,具体罪行见难句译注1
2. B.他的目的是削弱公司竞争力进而得到它答案见难句译注2及第二段第二句起“计算机破坏也可以和富裕的投资者欲得到对手的公司的企图相连随着公司对计算机记录存储的信赖性加强,破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏之后,对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很容易在级低价格上买进”A.削弱公司运转能力 C.在相当低的价格上买进对手的公司这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面 D.偷窃重要资料,文内没有讲
3. C破坏秘密训练基础这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机A.大学 B.医院 D.工厂 这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连,第三段讲的大学是“参与国防保卫工作的大学计算机措施”,和一般大学不一样只有秘密训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大,所以选C.
4. B.犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人答案在第五段“犯罪集团曾采取步骤暗杀政治领袖医院的生命维护系统,实验室,大型外科手术中都用计算机罪犯们很容易把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具通过破坏生命维护系统计算机,罪犯们就像用枪一样很容易杀死人通过控制计算机,他们可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心城市和国家都可以成为人质谋杀具有新的形式,计算机可能成为21世纪的事业杀手”A.杀人不需要用枪这话太笼统,不用枪,用什么用毒药,用刀? C.计算机可以取代任何武器 D.计算机的功能就像枪,错误的PassageSeventeenAStrongStockMarket Theincreaseinthemarginratefrom50%to70%wasnotanattempttostemanyrampantspeculationonthepartofthepublic—actuallythemarketseemedtechnicallyquitestrongwithpublicparticipationessentiallydignified—butratheranattemptbytheFederalReserveBoardtopreservethesoundunderpinningsthatexistedinthemarket.NaturallysuchamovehadamomentarilychillingeffectuponpricesbutiftheFRBhadbeenpreoccupiedwithunduespeculationtheincreasemighthavebeentothe80%oreven90%level.Suchanincreasesinthemarginrateisaconfirmationofastrongstockmarketandsince19…suchincreaseshaveresultedininterimmarkethighsovertwelvemonthslater.Obviouslytherecouldbenoguaranteethatthiswouldonceagainbethecasebutifhistoryisanyguideline—andifbusinessandcorporateearningsweretocontinueonthesamecourse—continuedoptimismovertheoutlookforthestockmarketwouldseemmoreprudentthanpessimism. Themarginincreaseunderscoredthegoodrisethatstockshadenjoyedforthepreviousyear—andthefactthata50%ratewasmaintainedaslongasitwaspointedupthefactthattherisewasmainlyconservativeinthatitwasconcentratedinthebluechipsforthemostpart.InpastInvestmentLetterswehavevoicedthethoughtthatspecialitystockscouldoutperformthegeneralmarketfromthispoint.Wecontinuetobelievethatthiscouldbethecase.Forexamplesteelstockstendtosellatcertainfixedprice/earningsratios.Belowacertainratiotheyareconsideredgoodvalue—aboveacertainratiooverpriced.Ifacompanyproducesauniqueproductitisfarmoredifficultformarketanalysistoplaceanumericalratiouponthecompany’searnings.WehavealsocontendedinthepastLettersthatthestockmarketreflectsmasspsychologyaswellasthebusinessoutlook.Wheninvestors—boththepublicandtheinstitutions—arenervousandpessimistictheydefinitelyhesitatetobuystocks:theyseeklowprice/earningsmultiplesandhighyields.Thesesameinvestors—whentheyareinanoptimisticframeofmind—becomeforlesspreoccupiedwithyieldsandmorewilingtopayapremiumhighp/emultiplesforacceleratedgrowth.Ifthepublic’sattitudetowardstheautoindustryisanymeasurethenthisperiodseemstohavebeenoneofoptimism.
1. Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis[A].ATimetoSellStock. .AStrongStockMarket[C].RaisingtheMarginRate [C].Price/earningsRatioinSteel
2. Wheninvestorsarepessimisticwhatdotheydo[A].TheylooktotheFRBforhelp. .Theybuysteel[C].Theybuyautomobilestocks. [D].Theylookforhighyields.
3. Whydoesthewriterbelievethatspecialitystockscouldoutperformthegeneralmarket[A].Becauseanalysishavedifficultyindecidinguponafixedprice/earningsratio..Becausetheactivityhadbeenlimitedtobluechips.[C].Becausetherisewasconservative.[D].BecauseoftheFRBaction.
4. Wheninvestorsareoptimisticwhatdotheydo[A].Theylookforacceleratedgrowth. .Theybuyspecialitystocks.[C].Theylookforhighyields. [C].Theyaremoreprudent.Vocabulary
1. marginrate 保证金率,边际比率
2. rampant 无约束力,猖獗的,蔓延的
3. stem 遏制
4. stemfrom 滋长,源自
5. underpin 加强……基础,支持
6. underpinning 支持物,基础(建筑物下的)
7. preoccupy 先占,使专心于,吸引住
8. undue 过分的,非法的,不适当的
9. interim 间歇;暂时的,间歇的
10. guideline 方针,指导路线
11. underscore 在……下面划线,强调
12. pointup 加强,强调
13. bluechip 兰筹股票
14. blue-chip 兰筹的
15. outperform 在使用上胜过
16. overprice 将……标价过高
17. numericalratio 数率,数字比率
18. earnings 收益,利润,收入
19. contend 竞争,坚决主张,争论
20. premium 佣金,酬金难句译注
1. Theincreaseinthemarginratefrom50%to70%wasnotanattempttostemanyrampantspeculationonthepartofthepublic—actuallythemarketseemedtechnicallyquitestrongwithpublicparticipationessentiallydignified—butratheranattemptbytheFederalReserveBoardtopreservethesoundunderpinningsthatexistedinthemarket.[结构简析]是not…but句型,两个破折号中间是插入成分;中插入一个带with+N+participle短语[参考译文]保证金率从50%增长到70%,并不是想要遏制群众方面猖獗的投机,而是联邦储备委员会想要保持现存于股市强劲基础——事实上股市由于群众非常庄严的参与——在技术上看起来相当强劲
2. Obviouslytherecouldbenoguaranteethatthiswouldonceagainbethecasebutifhistoryisanyguideline—andifbusinessandcorporateearningsweretocontinueonthesamecourse—continuedoptimismovertheoutlookforthestockmarketwouldseemmoreprudentthanpessimism.[结构简析]复合句中间有插入语ifclause进一步说明条件[参考译文]显然,不可能保证这种情况再次出现(情况再是这样)可是,如果历史具有指导方针的话——如果商业和公司的利润仍然保持在同样轨道上——那么对股市前景乐观似乎要比悲观更精确些
3. Themarginincreaseunderscoredthegoodrisethatstockshadenjoyedforthepreviousyear—andthefactthata50%ratewasmaintainedaslongasitwaspointedupthefactthattherisewasmainlyconservativeinthatitwasconcentratedinthebluechipsforthemostpart.[结构简析]这句句子内有四个thatclause第一个that是goodrise的定语从句第二个和第三个that都是thefactthat句型但第二个thefactthat中,aslongasitwas指头一年,pointedup是谓语第四个是inthat连词,义因为写作方法与文章大意 文章论述“强劲证券市场”的种种情况首先是联邦储备委员会为保持强股市基础要求保证金率增长这种增长过去,现在,将来都能巩固强市其次由于绝大部分集中在兰筹股上,使股市看好上升趋于保守,引出行业股比普通股吃香最后是投资者心情和股市强弱有关答案祥解
1. B.强劲证券市场(强市)见难句译注1和第一段第三句“那种保证金率的增长有力的巩固了强劲证券市场从19……年起,这种增长导致一年来股市屡创新高A.买出股票的时候 C.提高保证金率 D.钢的市盈率这三项都不对,它们只是文中涉及的方面
2. D.他寻找高业绩(即公司的产量或投资收益)见文章倒数第三句“当投资者——公众和团体机构——紧张而又悲观时,他们肯定在买进股票上举棋不定;他们寻求低价格/利润倍数和高额利润A.他们寻求联邦储备委员会的帮助 B.他们买进钢材 C.他们买进汽车股票
3. A. 因为在决定定价/利润比上难以分析见第二段第二句“在过去的投资保证上我们一直表达了这样的思想行业股票在使用上可能超过普通股我们依然相信情况可能就是这样举例说钢股往往在一定价格/利润比上抛出低于一定比率,可认为股是好价值,而高于一定比率就是超价如果一个公司就生产独一无二的产品,那市场分析就很难对公司所得定出数比“B.因为股市活动受兰筹股所限 C.因为行情上升保守这两项见难句译注3 D.由于联邦储备基金会的行动
4. A.他们寻求加速的增长见文章倒数第二句“同样是这些股民,当投资者(对股市前景)持乐观态度时,他们不太关注(公司的)业绩(产值)而愿意以高价来购买具有高成长性的股票”。