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2012高考英语阅读理解课堂练学案
(27)PassageThirty-oneTheCausesofEuropeanSeparationin16thCentury ForathousandyearsandmorethepeopleofEuropehadfoughtaboutmanythingsbuttheyhadbeenunitedinbelievingonething:thatthereexistedasingle“HolyCatholicandApostolicChurch”ofwhichtheBishopofRomeunderthetitleofthePopewasthevisibleandrecognizableheadinsuccessiontoSt.Peter.Butin1517aGermanmonkMartinLutherchallengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.OthershadfollowedhimincludingHenryVIII. ThusEuropewasdividedineverywhichwaythesouthernandeasterntwo-thirdsstillCatholicthenorthernandwesternone-thirdwhatwascomingtobecalledProtestantthoughEnglish-ruledIrelandsolidlyCatholicandtheSpanish-ruledNetherlandsparticularlythenorthernpartapproximatingtomodernHollandgrewincreasinglyProtestant;whileinvirtuallyeverycountrywhetherofficiallyCatholicorProtestantthoseofthecontraryfaithfiercelyattemptedtoconverttheirneighborsandequallyfiercelyresistedtheirneighbor’sattemptstoconvertthem.Forthistherewasnosimplefriendlysolutiontobereachedontheprincipleoflive-and-let-live.Eachpartybelievedthatithadholdofthetruththeonlytruththatmatteredtheonethatledtoeternalsalvationanditsadversariesclungtofalsehoodwhichmustnecessarilyheadtoeternaldamnation:notonlyforthemselvesbutforallwhoshouldpermitthemtosurviveandinfectotherswiththeirerrors.Tolerationevenreasonablediscussionwasimpossible.Godandthedevilcouldnotmix.JustasElizabethwastoardentCatholicsthatJezebelsotoearnestProtestantsthePopewas“thatwolfishbloodsucker”andtheirCatholicfellow-creaturesmaddogstoadsandothersuchvermintobecleansedoffthefaceoftheearth.Thesefeelingsdangerousenoughinthemselvesweremademoresobyquestionsofgeographyandmoney.TheCatholiccountriesborderingontheMediterraneanwerebyfartherichest.FromthebeginningoftheMiddleAgestheRepublicofVenicehadcontrolledthetraderoutestotheEastbringingthewarescarriedoutofPersiaChinaandtheIndiesbycameltoherdepotsinSyriaandreloadingtheminherhighgorgeouslypaintedvesselsfortransshipmenttoItalyandbeyond.SincetheendofthefifteencenturyfirstPortugalbysailingroundAfricatoIndiathenSpainbythediscoveryofAmericahadlikewisebeeninapositiontobringforsaletoEuropealltherareandwonderfulthingsforwhichEuropelonged—silksandpreciouswoodssugarandspicesgoldandsilverworksofexquisiteartandstrangeanimalsfrompeacocktotigers.In1494twoyearsafterColumbus’sfirstvoyagetoAmericaPopeAlexanderVIhaddividedtheunexploredworldbeyondtheseasbetweenSpainandPortugalasrewardfortheirenterpriseandtokeepthemfromfighting.TheothercountrieshadrespectedthisdivisionsolongastheyremainedCatholic.
1. Thebesttitleforthispassageis[A].TheHistoryofEuropein16thCentury..TheReligiousHistoryofEuropein16thCentury.[C].TheCausesofEuropeanSeparationin16thCentury.
2. Whatdoeswelearnfromthepassage[A].ThePopehadthesupremepowerinreligionbeforereform..ThePopehadthegreatestpowerineverythingoutsidereligion.[C].ThePopewastherealkinginEuropethen.[D].ThePopewastherealrulerinEuropethen.
3. Whatdidthesentence“TheothercountrieshadrespectedthisdivisionsolongastheyremainedCatholic”imply[A].Itimpliedthisdivisioncouldnotberespectedlong..Itimpliedthisdivisionwouldnotfaceachallenge.[C].Itimpliedthisdivisionwouldberespectedforever.[D].ItimpliedthepowerofthePopewouldneverdecline.
4. Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasacausetodeepenthedangerousfeelings[A].Money. .Geology. [C].Religion. [D].Geography.Vocabulary
1. Apostolic 罗马教皇的,使徒的
2. insuccessionto 继承,接班
3. MartinLuther 马丁•路德1483——1546德国宗教改革家
4. teachings 教义
5. renounce 抛弃,摈弃,否认
6. papacy 罗马教皇职位/制度,这里指罗马教皇
7. clingto 坚持
8. damnation 诅咒,永远的处罚
9. bloodsucker 吸血鬼
10. depot 仓库,补给站
11. gorgeous 华丽的,灿烂的,辉煌的
12. spice 香料
13. enterprise 事业,业绩,功勋难句译注
1. ThusEuropewasdividedineverywhichwaythesouthernandeasterntwo-thirdsstillCatholicthenorthernandwesternone-thirdwhatwascomingtobecalledProtestantthoughEnglish-ruledIrelandsolidlyCatholicandtheSpanish-ruledNetherlandsparticularlythenorthernpartapproximatingtomodernHollandgrewincreasinglyProtestant;whileinvirtuallyeverycountrywhetherofficiallyCatholicorProtestantthoseofthecontraryfaithfiercelyattemptedtoconverttheirneighborsandequallyfiercelyresistedtheirneighbor’sattemptstoconvertthem.[结构简析]everywhichway.四面八方,散乱这里指四分五裂EX:Railroadscrossthecountryineverywhichway.铁路四通八达,纵横全国[参考译文]就这样欧洲四分五裂东南部2/3仍然是天主教,西北部1/3是后来被称为的基督教,虽然英国统治的爱尔兰是稳固的天主教,而西班牙统治的荷兰,特别是靠近现代荷兰的北部地区越来越变成基督教事实上,在每个国家,不论官方声称是天主教还是基督教,相反信仰的人都拼命想把他的邻居变过来,也同样强烈的抵制他们的邻居企图把他们变过去
2. Eachpartybelievedthatithadholdofthetruththeonlytruththatmatteredtheonethatledtoeternalsalvationanditsadversariesclungtofalsehoodwhichmustnecessarilyheadtoeternaldamnation:notonlyforthemselvesbutforallwhoshouldpermitthemtosurviveandinfectotherswiththeirerrors.[结构简析]believed有两个宾语从句,用and连接第一个宾语从句thatithadholdofthetruth中,the only…theone…都说明truth是它的同位语And后的宾语从句省略了连词that,句中有定语从句whichmust修饰falsehood,后面的who定从修饰all.[参考译文]每一派都认为他掌握了真理,唯一的至关重要的这里,通向永恒获救解脱,而它的对手(敌人)死抓住错误不放,这必然导致永恒的诅咒;不仅诅咒他们自己,还诅咒那些让他们生存下去,让他们错误感染别人的人
3. JustasElizabethwastoardentCatholicsthatJezebelsotoearnestProtestantsthePopewas“thatwolfishbloodsucker”andtheirCatholicfellow-creaturesmaddogstoadsandothersuchvermintobecleansedoffthefaceoftheearth.[结构简析]注意justas…so…句型,so后是部分倒装Tocleanseoff消减,清除出Jezebel耶西别古代以色列国王亚哈的妻子,残忍淫荡后指无耻放荡的女人,胭脂虎这里指英国女王伊丽莎白[参考译文]就像伊丽莎白女王对狂热的天主教徒来讲那是个耶西别;对基督教徒来说罗马教皇是那个残忍的吸血鬼天主教徒是疯狗,蛤蟆,其他种种恶魔,应从地球表面上清除出去写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇论述“宗教改革后的欧洲形势”的文章(16世纪欧洲的情况)作者从三方面论及其分裂的原由,欧洲在宗教改革后的信仰分裂,造成新旧教势不两立的局面,地理位置和金钱两个因素加剧了分裂的局面答案祥解
1. D.16世纪欧洲分裂的因素上面文章大意中作者是从三方面论及其分裂见难句译注1和第三段第一句“这些情感,本身就危险,再加上地理和金钱两个问题,情况就更加不妙了”A.欧洲史 B.欧洲宗教史这两项涉及面更广 C.宗教改革对16世纪欧洲的影响和标题有些接近但第三段却是和宗教无关的两个因素
2. C.在改革前,罗马教皇是欧洲真正的帝王这在第一段中有明确的叙述“一千多年来,欧洲人们虽然在许多事情彼此斗争过,可是在信仰上团结一致,都信只有一个神圣的天主教和罗马教皇的教会那里的罗马大主教,称为教皇,是继承圣•彼德之后有形的公认领袖可是,1517年德国僧侣,马丁•路德向某些天主教教义提出挑衅,拒绝服从罗马教皇,其他追随他,其中包括亨利八世(英王)”A.在改革前,罗马教皇在宗教上具有至高无上的权利似乎很有道理实际上,教皇虽是宗教领袖,管的事情远远超出宗教范畴这在最后一段倒数第二句话可见一般结合第三题谈 B.教皇在宗教之外的许多事情有着最高的权利是明显不对的 D.教皇是那时欧洲的真正统治者Then一词可以指改革前后
3. A.这种分割不可能长期得到尊重最后一段的最后两句话“1494年,哥伦布首次远航美洲后的两年,教皇亚历山大六世就把这块大洋彼岸未曾勘探的世界分给西班牙和葡萄牙作为对他们业绩的褒奖(赏赐)和制止他们彼此开仗其它国家只要他们依然信仰天主教,他们就会尊重这个瓜分”aslongas是一个条件一旦这个条件不存在,那就不会再尊重另一方面也说明教皇不仅管宗教,见第2题A注释,因此并不正确B.不会面临挑战 C.永远得到尊重 D.教皇权力永不衰退
4. B.地质学其他三项A.钱 C.宗教 D.地理位置都提到PassageThirty-twoTheYoungGeneration Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed. Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestiontheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehoursforinstancearenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibilityAndwhataboutclothingWhosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircutsIfweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatterswhosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeanswhosaidthathumandifferencecanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeansWhyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblemsWhyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallivessoobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessionsCananythingberightwiththerat-raceHaven’ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionallytheyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Todaythesituationmightbereversed.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot‘sinful’.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure;toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb:theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisedthattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit
1. WhichofthefollowingfeaturesintheyoungisNOTmentioned[A].Bettereducated. .Moremoneyandfreedom.[C].Independence. [D].Hardwork.
2. Whatsotheyoungrejectmost[A].Values. .Theassumptionoftheelders.[C].Conformity. [C].Conventionalideas.
3. Whydotheyoungstressonthepresent[A].Theyhavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb..Theydislikethepast.[C].Theythinkthepresentworldisthebest.[D].Theyareafraidofdestruction.
4. Whatcantheoldlearnfromtheyounggeneration[A].Enjoymentisnotsinful. .Peopleshouldhavemoreleisuretime.[C].Menmightenjoylife. [D].Oneshouldenjoyone’swork.Vocabulary
1. reminder 使共回想起某事的东西,提示者
2. complacency 自鸣得意,自满情结
3. takeleave 擅自,任意,随意 Itookleavetoconsiderthismattersettled. 请原谅我认为这事已经解决了
4. conformity 与……一致,遵从
5. guilt 有罪,内疚
6. ridden (ride的过去分词)受……支配的,受……压迫
7. guilt-ridden 负罪感
8. amass 积累,积聚
9. arat-race 激烈的竞争
10. shrugoff 对……耸肩表示不屑一理,轻视,摆脱
11. spotless 无污点的,纯洁的
12. shed 摆脱,抛弃
13. annihilate 歼灭
14. bequeath 赠送,把……传给后代
15. sanity 头脑清醒健全难句译注
1. convicthaircut. Convict义罪犯罪犯和短发两字合在一起为“囚犯理的发式”但在这里其含义根据上下文决定前面讲到“谁说世界上所有的男人都应穿浅灰色的西装”,后面只能译成“剪成像罪犯似的短发呢”本义有haircut义修理整齐的短发整齐划一表示绅士派的工作人中作风正派,认真负责,一丝不苟的精神作者用了convict罪犯一字表示讽刺“罪犯也是整齐划一的短发跟绅士们的要求一样,难道他们也是作风正派,认真负责,一丝不苟吗?”写作方法与文章大意这是一篇论及“代沟”的文章主要采用对比手法,一开始就提出了一个老问题“老人们经常说年轻人不是从前那样了这一评语代代相传,永远是对的,而今天比以前任何时候更正确”下面几段就论述他们之不同点以及对比老少两代人的态度答案祥解
1. D.艰苦工作这在第一段中第四句“青年一代受了更好教育,有大量的钱话,有更多的自由他们成长的很快,不那么依赖于父母,他们独立思考得更多,不盲目接受老一代的理想……”A.受更好的教育 B.更多的钱和自由 C.独立性这三项均提及到
2. C.顺从第二段集中讲到这一点“因为老人们经常认为自己懂得多,理由就是他们经历得多他们不喜欢自己的价值观受到怀疑或威胁而这正是青年在做的他们对老人们的设想提出疑问,打乱他们的自鸣得意他们甚至敢于怀疑老一代创造了世界上可能最佳的社会他们最反对的莫过于顺从例如他们说办公时间就是强制奴役,如果人们完全自由,绝对负责,他们的工作不会更好吗?而穿衣呢?谁说世界上所有的男人都该穿单调的灰色西装和剪成像罪犯似的短发?……”这些词语都表示他们最反对的东西是遵从,“一致性”所以A.价值 B.长者的设想 D.传统习俗观念都是具体的某一点
3. A.他们在炸弹的阴影下成长第三段倒数第四句起“由于年轻人是在炸弹战争的阴影下成长壮大在不断受到全面歼灭的威胁之下,所以也只能期望他们重视目前这是他们的光荣遗产他们经常询问赠给他们遗产的这代人的头脑是否清醒对此我们能表示惊讶吗?”遗产指的是第二段的种种问题所体现出来的东西,如“谁说人类之差异能通过常规政策或暴力手段予以很好的解决?为什么老一代人常用暴力来解决他们的问题?为什么他们(老一代)个人生活那么不愉快老有负罪感?为什么老纠缠于要积聚越来越多的物质财富?……”B.他们不喜欢过去 C.他们认为现世界是最好的 D.他们害怕破坏
4. A.享受不是犯罪这在第三段中间“老年人——如果他们准备承认的话——可以从他们的孩子们那里学到一两件事他们能学的最大的课堂之一是享受不是犯罪”“享受”是人可适用于生活各个方面的原则从工作中获得乐处,享受闲暇时间,肯定不是错误抛弃约束限制,生活在现在而不是生活在过去肯定也不是错B.人们应有更多的闲暇 C.人可以享受生活 D.一个人应当享受工作PassageThirty-threeImportanceofaComputer Ascitizensofadvancedbutvulnerableeconomieswemusteitherrelentlesslyincreasethequalityofourskillsorseeourstandardoflivingerode.Forthefuturecompetitionbetweennationswillbeincreasinglybasedontechnologicalskill.Oilandnaturalresourceswillstillbeimportantbuttheynolongerwilldetermineanation’seconomicstrength.Thiswillnowbeamatterofthewaypeopleorganizethemselvesandthenatureandqualityoftheirwork.Japanandthe“newJapans“ofEastAsiaaredemonstratingthispointinwaysthatarebecomingpainfullyobvioustotheolderindustrialcountries. Thereissimplynowaytorestonourpastachievements.Today’scompetitionrendersobsoletehugechunksofwhatweknowandwhatforcesustoinnovate.Foreachindividual.Severalcareerswillbecustomaryandcontinuingeducationandretrainingwillbeinescapable.Toattainthisextraordinarylevelofeducationgovernmentbusinessschoolsandevenindividualswillturntotechnologyfortheanswer. Inindustryprocessingtheinformationanddesigningthechangesnecessarytokeepupwiththemarkethasmeantthegrowinguseofcomputers.Theschoolsarenowfollowingclosebehind.AlreadysomecollegesintheUnitedStatesarerequitingacomputerforeachstudent.Itisestimatedthat500000computersarealreadyinuseinAmericanhighschoolsandelementaryschools.Althoughthereisanabysmallackofeducationalsoftwarethenumberofcomputersinschoolsexpandsrapidly. ThecomputeristheProteusofmachinesasittakesonathousandformsandservesathousandfunctions.Butitstrulyrevolutionarycharactercanbeseeninitsinteractivepotential.Withadvancedcomputerslearningcanbeindividualizedandself-paced.Teacherscanbecomemoreproductiveandtheentirelearningenvironmentenriched. Itisstrikinghowmuchcurrentteachingisaproductofpencilandpapertechnology.Withthecomputer’scapacityforsimulationanddiversekindsoffeedbackallsortsofnewpossibilitiesopenupfortheredesignofcurriculums.SeymourPaperttheinventorofthecomputerlanguageLOGObelievesthatconceptsinphysicsandadvancedmathematicscanbetaughtintheearlygradeswiththeuseofcomputers.Onevery-daylevelword-processingsignificantlyimprovesthecapacityforwrittenexpression.Intermsofdrillandpracticeself-pacedcomputer-assistedinstructionenablesthestudenttoadvancerapidly—withoutbeinglimitedbytheconflictingneedsoftheentireclass.Inshortoncewelearntousethisnewbrainoutsidethebraineducationwillneverbethesame.IndustryfacedwiththepressuresofarapidlyshiftingmarketisalreadydesigningnewmethodstoretrainitsworkersIntheUnitedStatesatechnologicaluniversityhasbeensetuptoteachengineeringcoursesbysatellite.Andtheadvancesintelecommunicationsandcomputationalpowerwilldramaticallyexpandtheopportunitiesfornationalandinternationaleffortsineducationandtraining.Withoutromanticizingthemachineitisclearthatcomputersuniquelychangethepotentialforequippingtoday’scitizensforunprecedentedtasksofthefuture.ParticularlyinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesinnovationwillbethebasisforcontinuedprosperity.Newcompetitorsareemergingtochallengetheoldeconomicarrangements.Howsuccessfullywerespondwilldependonhowmuchweinvestinpeopleandhowwiselyweemploythelearningtoolsofthenewtechnology.
1. Whatisthedecisivefactorinfuturecompetitionbetweennations[A].Oil. .Technologicalskill.[C].Naturalresources [D]Education
2. Themainideaofthispassageis[A].KnowledgeofaComputer. .ImportanceofaComputer.[C].FunctionofKnowledge. [C].FunctionofTechnology.
3. Whydoesfurtherstudybecomeindispensable[A].Peoplewanttosomorejobs..Peoplewanttoattainthisextraordinarylevelofeducation.[C].Peoplewouldnotrestonthepastachievements.[D].Whatweknowbecomesobsolete.
4. Theword“Proteus”isclosestinmeaningto[A].flexibility. .diversity. [C].variety. [D].multiplicity.Vocabulary
1. relentlessly 始终不懈的
2. obsolete 过时的,大量的,绝大部分的
3. chunk 大块,大量的,绝大部分
4. abysmal 无底的,极端的
5. Proteus 希腊神话中海神,能随意变化这里指flexible灵活多变
6. takeon 显现,显示
7. LOGO=logotyre 标识语,作为标志的语言
8. rapidlyshifting 瞬息万变的
9. romanticizing 使浪漫化,使幻想化难句译注
1. Withthecomputer’scapacityforsimulationanddiversekindsoffeedbackallsortsofnewpossibilitiesopenupfortheredesignofcurriculums.[参考译文]由于计算机能进行模拟和提供各种反馈,它就为从新设计学校的课程开辟了各种新的可能性
2. Intermsofdrillandpracticeself-pacedcomputer-assistedinstructionenablesthestudenttoadvancerapidly—withoutbeinglimitedbytheconflictingneedsoftheentireclass.[结构简析]句子结构为主谓宾补,前后各用一个介词(短语),前intermof后without[参考译文]就练习和实践来讲,借助自行规定速度的计算机辅助的指令使学生突飞猛进而不受全班互相矛盾的需要所限制
3. Withoutromanticizingthemachineitisclearthatcomputersuniquelychangethepotentialforequippingtoday’scitizensforunprecedentedtasksofthefuture.[结构简析]逻辑主语句句前有一状语成分,without+分词+名词的句型[参考译文]不必用浪漫主义的手法来形容计算机,我们可清楚看到,它是独一无二的改变今天公民的潜力,使他们能承担未来的史无前例的任务写作方法与文章大意文章论述了“计算机的重要性”,采用一般到具体写作手法一开始就提出‘作为经济上先进而又脆弱的公民,必须始终不懈地提高技术素质,否则生活水平就会下降因为未来国际竞争取决于技术,一切部门必须迎合这一要求具体到工业和学校必须使用计算机重点在学校,因为它是培训新人才的基地所以三,四,五,七段涉及计算机在学校的种种功能最后的结论人才和计算机是决定性因素答案祥解
1. B.工艺技术这在第一段就讲到“在未来,国与国之间的竞争越来越以工艺技术为基础尽管石油和其他自然资源仍很重要,但它们不会再对一个国家的经济实力起决定性的作用”A.石油 C.自然资源,这两项不是决定性因素 D.教育文内教育作为改革的一个方面,其重点是在学校内应用计算机,来改变教学质量,达到革新人才的目的并不是直接参与竞争可参看第2题的答案及译注
2. B.计算机的重要性整篇文章都显示了这一点第三段“工业上,信息处理和制定必要的改革计划以适应市场需要意味着越来越多使用计算机学校紧跟工业之后……”第四段“计算机是一种变化多端,神通广大的机器,因为它显示千种图象,发挥千种功能而它的真正的革命性可在其相互作用的潜能中看出有了先进的计算机,学习可以个别进行,速度自行规定教师变得更有成效……”第五段“……由于利用计算机,在学校低年级就能教授物理学和高等数学概念……”最后一段画龙点睛地指出“计算机独一无二地改变着那种今天公民能担当未来空前任务的潜能……新的竞争对手正在崛起,自由的经济布局提出挑战我们如何才能顺利的应战,取决于我们对人的投资的多寡,取决于我们怎么聪慧地应用新技术的学习工具”所以A.计算机知识 C.知识的功能 D.技术功能,这三项只是计算机重要性中涉及到的一个方面,不能作为中心思想
3. D.因为我们知道的一切变得陈旧第二段头几句话“我们决不能吃老本,当今的竞争使我们的大部分知识变得陈旧,非加以革新不可对每个人来说,他们将惯常从事某几种职业,并且非继续学习进修和从新接受训练不可……”都说明进修学习的原因A.人们要做更多工作文内没有提到 B.人们要到达非同一般的教育水平这是目的,不是原因 C.人们不能吃老本这话并没有完全讲清楚全部原因
4. A.灵活多变Proteus一词,原义是指希腊神话中变幻无常的海神,普罗狄斯,他可以随心所欲边成各种形状这里指灵活多变。