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2012高考英语阅读理解课堂练学案
(8)PassageTwentyTheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddownthoughthesehavealreadybeenraised;andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.ButtheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblemsandfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”EversincethewartheGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversityalargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouthandwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorthhowever.Withnearly100percentemploymenteveryonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.FarmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulationbuttheyareanimportantpartofitbecauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.
1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto[A]providemorejobsforforeignworkers.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment.[C]selltheoilitisproducingabroad.[D]developmorequicklythanatpresent.
2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto[A]encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway.[C]helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems.[D]keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize.
3.AccordingtothepassagetheoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto[A]thedevelopmentofindustry.agrowthinpopulation.[C]thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme.[D]thedevelopmentofnewtowns.
4.Inthesouthoneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe[A]alargereductiononunemployment.agrowthinthetouristindustry.[C]areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries.[D]thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries.
5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause[A]theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal.[C]theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety.[D]theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Vocabulary
1.Norwegian 挪威的;挪威人
2.coastline 海岸线
3.recognition 承认;认识;赞赏
4.countryside 乡下;乡民难句译注
1.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddownthoughthesehavealreadybeenraised;andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子【参考译文】一条新的法律限制人们仅在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探考察;规定了石油生产限量(虽然已提高);石油公司雇佣外国工人不许超出限定额
2.Withnearly100percentemploymenteveryonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.【参考译文】由于将近百分之一百就业率,每个人都能看出形式发展中服务行业和旅游行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业方面去
3.FarmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulationbuttheyareanimportantpartofitbecauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.【结构简析】复合句在because状语从句中that是定语从句修饰qualities【参考译文】虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大多数,可是他们都是人口的重要组成不分,因为挪威人在他们身上看到许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人的基本品质写作方法与文章大意文章论述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工业”采用对比写法先提出政府新政策的种种限制但石油工业有办法对付人们都认为限制难以长久其次讲述,从战时起,挪威政府一直执行开发北极圈北部地区的发展规划,也取得成功但石油工业已经开始向南方进军,北方政策可能会失败石油工业之影响超出北方,有些企业缩小,减少最后一段是讲争论的焦点石油对挪威生活方式构成了威胁,具体表现在对挪威理想的代表――渔民和农民的威胁答案详解
1.B减慢发展速率文章开始就阐明挪威政府正竭尽全力把石油工业控制起来,制定新法律来限制勘探开采,限制产量,限制雇佣外国工人人数A.为外国工人提供更多的工作C.卖掉正在国外生产的石油D.比现在发展更快
2.D使石油工业保持在接近现在的规模A.鼓励石油公司去发现新石油资源B.制止石油公司雇佣来自挪威北方的人C.帮助石油公司解决许多问题
3.C发展规划的失败这在第二段最后一句“可是石油工业已经开始把人们吸引到南方去,所以不出几年,整个北方政策可能成泡影”A.工业发展B.人口增长D.新城市的发展文内没有涉及
4.C现存工业数的减少第三段开始“可是石油工业的影响并不仅仅限于北方近百分之一百的就业率,使每个人都见到发展的势头,服务业和旅游业的好多工人转向石油工业某些较小的工业,在从国外购进货物更便宜的情况下,很可能会全部消失”这说明工业数减少A.大大减少失业B.旅游行业增长D.许多服务公司发展文内没有提
5.B他们的生活和价值代表了挪威人的理想A.他们组成了那么大一部分挪威理想C.他们的工作对挪威社会的其他方面非常有用D.他们认为石油是对挪威生活方式的威胁最后一段第一句话“对石油真正的争论点是它对挪威生活方式的一种威胁”并不是他们认为威胁英语阅读理解荟萃(中级篇)PassageOneViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacuteviolencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferencesthatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence–asifitwerealegitimatesolutionlikeanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyfillsyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunchwehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandherdertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettosatimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffortitwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossibleprovidingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraceswemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothiswemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunicationinexchanginginformation.‘Talktalktalk’theadvocatesofviolencesay‘allyoueverdoistalkandwearenonethewiser.’It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalkhewasnonethewiser.‘Possiblemylord’thebarristerreplied‘nonethewiserbutsurelyfarbetterinformed.’Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.
1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage[A]AdvocatingViolence.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.[C]ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.[D]TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.
2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus[A]violenceneversolvesanything.nothing.[C]thebloodshedmeansnothing.[D]everything.
3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen[A]can’tgetahearing.arelookeddownupon.[C]arepersecuted.[D]Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.
4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means[A]hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.[C]Hegainsnothingafterlistening.[D]Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.
5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis[A]lawenforcement.knowledge.[C]nonviolence.[D]Moppinguptheviolentmess.Vocabulary
1.acute 严重的,剧烈的,敏锐的
2.loot v.抢劫,掠夺;n.赃物
3.pillage v.抢劫,掠夺
4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物;n.碎裂声whenitcomestothecrunch=if/whenthedecisivemomentcomes.当关键时刻来到时
5.war-paint 出战前涂于身上的颜料(美印第安战士用)
6.cometolight=becomeknown 显露,为人所知
7.sap 剥削,使伤元气,破坏Iwassappedbymonthsofhospitaltreatment.我住院治疗几个月,大伤元气
8.mopup 擦去,对付,处理
9.wake 船迹,航迹inthewakeofsth.=comeafter随某事之后到来难句译注
1.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyfillsyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunchwehavemadenoactualprogressatall.【结构简析】whenitcomestothecrunch=when/ifthedecisivemomentcomes.当关键时刻来到时【参考译文】真正令人可怖的,令人绝望的是,在关键时刻,人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进
2.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.【结构简析】inthewakeof在…之后【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子,我们的力量因此削弱了
3.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalkhewasnonethewiser.【结构简析】none+the+比较级固定用法,义notatall一点儿也不EX:Afterthetreatmentheisnonethebetter.治疗后,他并没有因此见好,(一点儿也不见好)【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释,法官抱怨说他一无所获,并不因此变得聪明些
4. Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom.【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件结合上下文这里意思是了解情况是解决问题的先决条件句子后面的解释知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行写作方法与文章大意作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法,这是人本性没有进步的表现,真正理智的人提出了法制才是解决问题的唯一途径,而这些人遭人轻视、迫害作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟,改善生活水平,提供教育和就业,清除暴力造成的后果,也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的尽管这些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度答案详解
1.B暴力难以消除种族偏见文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重,而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法白人采用暴力镇压,黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力,似乎这是一种合法的解决方案作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面――衣饰等,人类的本能没有改变整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西这是真正令人可怕的事件第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制,人们不停他们反而收到轻视、迫害作者就此提出假设,答出真正的解决方案嗜法制,以法治理第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提,即使暴力者不同意,但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶,是智慧聪明的必要前提A.鼓吹暴力C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案D.人类的本性是嗜暴性
2.B没有什么第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录,一点都没有教给我们任何东西A.暴力解决不了任何事情C.杀戮(流血)没有任何意义D.一切
3.D在鼓吹法制方面有困难答案在第二段,真正有理智的人鼓吹法制,遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难A.人们不听B.遭人轻视C.遭人迫害这三项都包含在D项内
4.C听后无所得Nonethewiser一点也不比以前聪明(这是按字面翻译)实际就是C项A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明B.他和以前一个样D.他听不懂论点
5.A法制第二段最后一句,如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作,真正的持久的解决总是能实现的第二段第二句,他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事B.知识C.非暴力D.处理暴力带来的混乱PassageTwoTheTouristTradeContributesAbsolutelyNothingtoIncreasingUnderstandingbetweenNations Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingandgoingyou’dexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelopbetweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!Superbsystemsofcommunicationbyairseaandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother’scountriesatamoderatecost.Whatwasoncethe‘grandtour’reservedforonlytheveryrichisnowwithineverybody’sgraspThepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfortwhichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn’thavedreamedof.Butwhat’sthesenseofthismassexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasicallyignorantofeachother Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.Themoderntouristleadsacossetedshelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotelswhereheeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshisinternationaldrinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.Thetouristisallowedtoseeonlywhattheorganizerswanthimtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanywaylanguageisalwaysabarriersoheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.Atitsveryworstthisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.Thesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsoftheciteuniversitaire:aretemporarilyreestablishedontheislandofCorfu.BlackpoolisrecreatedatTorremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeatpaellabutfishandchips. Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.Wedon’tseethepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyarebutaswehavebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyare.Youcantestthisforyourself.TakefivenationalitiessayFrenchGermanEnglishAmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmindmatchthemwiththesefiveadjectives:musicalamorouscoldpedanticnative.Farfromprovidinguswithanyinsightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoplesjustmentionedtheseadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.Sowhenyousetoutonyourtravelstheonlycharacteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmyourpreconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpressionthatsay‘Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites’ofthat‘Latinpeoplesshoutalot’.Youonlyhavetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstandhowabsurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcanyoumakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbesttopreventyou Carriedtoanextremestereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact—howtriteitsounds!–Thatallpeoplearehuman.Weareallsimilartoeachotherandatthesametimeallunique.
1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis[A]tourismcontributesnothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennations.Tourismistiresome.[C]Conductedtourisdull.[D]tourismreallydoessomethingtoone’scountry.
2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtourism[A]apprehensive.negative.[C]critical.[D]appreciative.
3.WhichwordinthefollowingisthebesttosummarizeLatinpeopleshoutalot[A]silent.noisy.[C]lively.[D]active.
4.Thepurposeoftheauthor’scriticismistopointout[A]conductedtourisdisappointing.thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.[C]whentravelingyounoticecharacteristicswhichconfirmpreconception.[D]nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.
5.Whatis‘grandtour’now[A]moderatecost.localsight-seeingisinvestigatedbythetouristorganization.[C]peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.[D]everybodycanenjoythe‘grandtour’.Vocabulary
1.superb 卓越的,杰出的,第一流的
2.moderate 中庸的,中等的,适度的
3.grandtour 大旅行,指旧时英国富家子弟教育中, 到欧洲大陆观光的旅行,为学业必经阶段
4.packagetour 由旅行社代办而费用与路线、 日程固定的假日旅游也可用packageholiday
5.charteredflight 包机航班
6.setouttodosth.=beginajobwithaparticularaim开始做某事, 决心/打算做……
7.cosset 宠爱,溺爱,纵容
8.conductedtour=guidedtour 有人指导/引到下的参观,有导游的旅游
9.censor 检查
10.wanderoff 离开原处/正道,离群,漫步,漫游
11.quarters 住处,营
12.paella 西班牙什锦饭
13.chip 炸马铃薯条(土豆条)
14.amorous 多情的,色情的
15.pedantic 学究式的,卖弄学问的
16.generalization 归纳,概括
17.stirup 惹起,煽动,挑起
18.trite 陈腐的,老一套的难句译注
1.Whatwasoncethe‘grandtour’reservedforonlytheveryrichisnowwithineverybody’sgrasp.【结构简析】withinsb.’sgrasp.某人理解/了解,为某人所能抓到的【参考译文】一度只有最富有者专享的“大旅行”现在人人都可获得
2.Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.【参考译文】旅行社包办的旅游,包机航班决不会遭人耻笑
3.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.【参考译文】旅行社有意使他们的谷底和当地居民少接触
4.Themoderntouristheadsacossetedshelteredlife.【参考译文】现代旅行者过的使爱护有加与世隔绝的生活
5.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.【参考译文】有人指导下参观一些静电收到组织者――旅行社仔细的检查核准
6.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanywaylanguageisalwaysbarriersoheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.【结构简析】onlytoo+形容词/分词=very非常【参考译文】严格致密的计划值得旅行者不可能自己一个人到处闲逛;再说,至少语言总是个障碍,所以他对这样保护非常高兴
7.Atitsveryworstthisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.【结构简析】atone’sworst在情况最坏的时候【参考译文】最糟的时候,这种保护会导致形成一种新型而又可怕的殖民现象
8.Carriedtoanextremestereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.【结构简析】carriedtoanextremetoanexcess如果做得过分【参考译文】如果走向极端,模式化的想法会非常危险
9.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact.【参考译文】野蛮(乱七八糟)的概括/归纳会激起种族仇恨,使我们对这基本事实视而不见写作方法与文章大意文章主要采用因果写法虽然旅游业发展,人们可享受以前只有最富有者享受的大旅游,但由于旅行社种种限制/呵护及其它,使旅游者难以和当地居民接触陈旧的固定的想――对民族的模式化想法,只有通过接触才能接触模式而旅行社的种种都使人相互难以理解答案详解
1.A旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树第二段开始点出,许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事宜,他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民,让他们过着一种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活住的是国际饭店,吃的是国际食品,喝的是国际饮料,在原处观看当地居民严格有序的计划使旅游者难以自己一人闲逛,语言的障碍,又使他们乐意接受保护第三段涉及坚持民族模式化――老一套的想法,所以一开始旅游,你见到的民族特性就只是证实了你自己设想的基本事实――所有人民都是人类只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒谬、有害,可是旅行社竭力制止,你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢?这一切说明A项对B.旅游很累C.导游观光很单调乏味D.旅游确实对国家有贡献
2.C批评
3.B吵吵闹闹的
4.B旅游的方式应改变整篇文章(除第一段外)都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触第三段,见到的只是证实了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之见,旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的第四段讲了民族固定模式(先入之见的模式)的可怕后果要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类,彼此相似,又各具特点,就得改变旅游的方式A.导游观光令人失望C.旅游时,你见到的特性证实了你的先入之见D.民族模式应当改变这三条都是批评的具体内容
5.D人人都能享受大旅游大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的一门课程-到欧洲大陆观光不是人人都能享受这里用grandtour表示人人都能享受类似grandtour的一切,甚至超过,如第一段指出现代旅游者享受的舒适设施,达到了大旅行中老爷、小姐们做梦都没有想到的水平海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统,使人们有可能钱花得不多就能访问、观光别的国家所以说,曾是有钱人专享的大旅行,普通人也能领略“grandtour”有引号,表明作为比喻A.费用不高文内是费用合适、中等、恰当B.当地观光受组织审查C.人们喜欢一流舒适设施。