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2013年高考英语阅读专题解题技巧与方法指导概述广东省高考阅读理解题选材,一般遵循三个原则
1.文章一般为5篇(含信息匹配题),阅读量在2500单词左右;
2.题材广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容;
3.体裁多样,包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文、论述文等因此,学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次,所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落,文章有明显表示时间先后的词语阅读时抓住时间这条主线,弄清who、what、where、why与how描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题,主题词往往出现在各个句子里,贯穿文章的始末;紧围绕这个主题进行阅读,找到文章与之有关的信息,并确定信息与主题的关系说明文多见于科普文章,用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系,这类文体的文章,首句往往是主题句,开门见山,说明文章的关注对象弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式;把握次要信息及其与主题的关系论述文的阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度阅读论述文应该从文体的写作和结构特点入手★文章的结构往往很容易把握,用主题句开门见山作者往往通过信号词signalwords或transitionalwords和关联词referents来组织段落、文章.对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的;要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点,同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇常见问题
1.关于文章主旨和大意的问题此类考题主要针对段落或短文的主题,主题思想,标题或目的,一般提问方式如下1Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage2Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout3Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?4Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____5Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?6Thepassagetellsusthat______.7Thepassageismeantto….8Thispassagemainlytalksabout_______.9Thepassageismostlyabout____.10Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout____.11Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout____.12Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…13Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat______.14Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily____.15Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…
2.关于文章事实和细节的问题此类考题主要针对文章的细节,一般提问方式如下1Whichofthefollowingisright2WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage3Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage4WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage5Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned6Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage7Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...8Thewritermentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept______.9Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage10Choosetherightorderofthispassage.11Accordingtothepassagewhenwherewhyhowwhoetc....12Thereasonfor...is...13Fromthispassageweknowthat________.14Inthepassagetheauthorstatesthat______.
3.猜测词义的问题此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义一般提问方式如下1Theword“ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans________.2Theunderlinedword“ABC”inthepassagerefersto/means_______.3Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?4)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____.5Thewordit(them)inthefirstparagraphrefersto____.
4.关于对全篇逻辑关系的理解、对文章各段、各句间逻辑关系的理解的问题此类考题主要考查句语句之间,短语短之间的逻辑关系,一般提问方式如下1Manyvisitorscometothewriter’scityto________.2SomeshopscanbebuiltDongfengSquaresothattheymay_____.3Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutionbecause_____.4WhydidthewritergetoffthetraintwostopsbeforeViennastation
5.关于推理和判断的问题此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识,文章中虽然没有明确的答案,但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案一般提问方式如下1Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea______.2Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______.3Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.4Fromtheletterswe’velearnedthatit’svery___toknowsomethingaboutAmericansocialcustoms.5Fromthestorywecanguess______.6Fromthetextweknowthat______.7Whatwouldbehappyif…8Thestoryimpliesthat______.9Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe___.10Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is______.11Theauthorimplied(suggested)that...12Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat...13Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?14Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?
6.关于作者意图、观点或态度的问题此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下1Howdidthewriterfeel…2Theauthorseemstothinkthat______.3Thewriterwritesthistextto______.4Thewriterbelievesthat______.5Thewritersuggeststhat______.6Theauthorwantstoappealto_______.7Thewriteristryingtopresentapointofviewin______.8Theauthor’sstyleis______.9Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.10Whatistheauthor’sopinionof______11Whatistheauthorsmainpurposeinthepassage12Intheauthorsopinion_________题目类型A类题可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目A类题为拿分题丢分原因1)凭印象做题,准确率低2)时间把握最容易出问题忘记内容的时候往往会回到文章中去找答案,一篇文章往往要读好几遍A类题解题技巧看清题目所问的内容之后,要在原文中划出原句,并标上题号这样做的目的1)做到万无一失,保证把该拿到的分数拿到手2)减少阅读文章的次数,争取宝贵的时间B类题不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题需要经过分析、判断、推理之后才能解答的题该类题是失分题,往往是出题人用来拉开学生梯度和层次的题B类题包括文章主题和中心大意等,一般都是主旨题B类题解题技巧
1、以原文为依据,不参杂个人意见,要客观不要主观
2、答案是比出来的答案不选对的,只选最好的因为,有时候四个答案都是对的所以,当看到第一答案是正确的时候,也要看后面的答案遇到这种情况,往往有学生钻牛角尖老师给学生解释的时候,也可以这样说你的答案没错,但是另一个答案更好,更全面答案不选对的,只选最好的比答案的原则是好的不知道的;不知道的不对的
3、注意绝对化的词如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词,比如all,always,never,nothing,every等等,除非文章当中使用了该类词汇,否则,一般都要排除比如,原文中出现了这样一个句子Almosteveryonelikesthemusic.答题时,要你判断如下这个句子正误(TrueorFalse)Everyonelikesthemusic.——该句子应该是错误的
4、答案要避免以点带面,以偏盖全尤其是多个选项都有道理,难以挑选正确答案的时候,要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个
5、“傻瓜”原则文章中没有提到的就当时不知道,不要枉自猜测,自作聪明一切以文章内容为准阅读理解解题步骤
1、第一步先读题
2、第二步读文章
3、第三步解题实战阅读方法1巧用主题句并依据主题句确定短文的中心最有效的办法是找出主题句一篇文章或一段文章通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句因此,理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句主题句一般具有三个特点1概括性强表述的意思比较概括2结构简单句子结构较简单,多数都不采用长、难句的形式3受它支撑段落中其他的句子是用来解释、支撑或发展该句所表述的主题思想在一篇短文或一个段落中,大部分主题句的位置情况有三种主题句在段首或篇首主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍,其后的句子则是论证性细节一般新闻报道、说明文议论文、科技文献等大都采用这种格式,即先总述,后分述的叙事方法例文1Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroupandevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanotheroneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertoliveandtogethertheyformafoodchain食物链.Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears.例文2Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaventeatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghettieggplantandfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdogFrenchfriesandasoftdrink.主题句在段末或篇末主题句也会出现在段尾,即作者先摆出事实依据层层推理论证最后自然得出结论-段落的主题这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的归纳总结或者所得出的结论因此,在阅读这种文章时,要注意表述细节的句子通常在前,概述性的句子在后,并以此结尾例文1Ifyoubuysomewell-madeclothesyoucansavemoneybecausetheycanlastlonger.Theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Sometimessomeclothescostmoremoneybutitdoesnotmeanthattheyarealwaysbettermadeortheyalwaysfitbetter.Inotherwordssomelessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.例文2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.主题句在段落中间当主题句被安排在段中间时通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出而后又作进一步的解释支撑或发展.例文Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infactthemodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.无主题句有时,一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢?其实这也不难我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思,各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的,或者说是来说明一个问题的这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思例文KillerbeesstartedinBrazil
1957.AscientistinSaoPaulowantedbeestomakemorehoney蜂蜜.Soheputforty-sixAfricanbeeswithsomeBrazilianbees.Thebeesbred繁殖andmadeanewkindofbees.Butthenewbeeswereamistake.Theydidn’twanttomakemorehoney.Theywantedtoattack.Thenbyaccidenttwenty-sixAfricanbeesescapedandbredwiththeBrazilianbeesoutside.Scientistscouldnotcontrol控制theproblem.Thebeesincreasedfast.TheywentfromBraziltoVenezuela.ThentheywenttoCentralAmerica.NowtheyareinNorthAmerica.Theytravelabout390milesayear.Eachgroupofbeesgrowsfourtimesayear.Thismeansonemillionnewgroupseveryfiveyears.WhyarepeopleafraidofkillerbeesPeopleareafraidfortworeasons.Firstthebeessting叮manymoretimesthanusualbees.Killerbeescanstingsixtytimesaminutenonstopfortwohours.Secondkillerbeesattackingroups.Fourhundredbeestingscankillaperson.Alreadyseveralhundredpeoplearedead.NowkillerbeesareinTexas.InafewyearstheywillreachallovertheUnitedStates.Peoplecandonothingbutwait.找出主题句后,再依据主题句定短文的中心任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的;段落之间有着内在的紧密联系,而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句,通常置于段落的开头,有时在段落末尾和中间;其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的;若把一个个主题句加以整理,你能悟出其中心思想,同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句(等困难信号)所带来的干扰,但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中,因而要综观全文,对全文有一个透彻的理解才行例如例题MyfriendMattandIarrivedattheActivityCentreonFridayevening.Theaccommodationwasn’twonderfulbutwehadeverythingweneededbedsblanketsfoodandwewerepleasedtobeoutofthecityandinthefreshair.OnSaturdaymorningwemettheothertenmembersofourgroup.CameronhadcomealongwithtwofriendsKevinandSimonwhilesistersCaroleandLynnhadcomewithAmanda.ThereweresomeothermembersIdidn’tknow.Wehadcomefromdifferentplacesandnoneofusknewthearea.Weknewweweregoingtospendtheweekendoutdoorsbutnoneofuswassureexactlyhow.Halfofusspentthemorningcavingwhiletheotherswentrock-climbingandthenwechangedatlunchtime.MattandIwenttothecaves岩洞first.Climbingoutwasharderthangoinginbutafteragooddealofpushingwewereoutatlast.Thoughwewerecoveredwithmudwewerepleasedandexcitedbywhatwe’ddone.Thispassagemainlytalksabout______________.A.thewriter’sfriendsattheActivityCenterB.thewriter’sexperienceattheActivityCenterC.outdoorsportsattheActivityCenterD.howtogorock-climbingandcaving在解主题大意时,以下方法可供参考1认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子2文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述抓住反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词例文Ifyouarearecentsocialsciencegraduatewhohashadtolistentojokesaboutunemploymentfromyourcomputermajorclassmatesyoumayhavehadthelastlaugh.Therearemanyadvantagesforthesocialsciencemajorbecausethishigh-techInformationAgedemandspeoplewhoareflexible灵活的andwhohavegoodcommunicationskills. Therearemanysocialsciencemajorsinlargecompanieswhofillimportantpositions.Forexampleanumberofresearchstudiesfoundthatsocialsciencemajorshadachievedgreatermanagerialsuccessthanthosewhohadtechnicaltrainingorpre-professionalcourses.Studiesshowthatsocialsciencemajorsaremostsuitedforchangewhichistheleadingfeature特点ofthekindofhighspeedhigh-pressurehigh-techworldwenowlivein. Socialsciencemajorsarenotonlyexperiencingsuccessintheirlong-termcompanyjobsbuttheyarealsofindingjobsmoreeasily.Astudyshowedthatmanycompanieshadfilledalargepercentageoftheirentry-levelpositionswithsocialsciencegraduates.Thestudyalsoshowedthatthemostsought-afterqualityinapersonwhowaslookingforajobwascommunicationskillsnotedasveryimportantby92percentofthecompanies.Socialsciencemajorshavetheseskillsoftenwithoutknowinghowimportanttheyare.Itisprobablyduetotheseskillsthattheyhavebeenofferedawidevarietyofpositions. Finallyalthoughsomesocialsciencemajorsmaystillfinditmoredifficultthantheirtechnicallytrainedclassmatestolandthefirstjobrecentgraduatesreportthattheydontregrettheirchoiceofstudy.
3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后例如Onthewholeinshortinawordinbrieftosumuptoconcludetherefore…Iagreewiththeopinionthat…GivenallthesepointsaboveIwouldsupporttheideathat…ForallthereasonsmentionedaboveIwouldprefer…掌握了找主题句的方法后,就可以依据主题句归纳主题但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误,需要同学们注意1以偏概全即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题2过于笼统即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证3把观点强加给作者读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解2掌握具体事实和重要细节做细节事实题的方法在阅读理解题目中,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题,它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案,有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到,比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子,再对相关的部分进行细读,排除干扰项,找出正确答案
2.
1.是非题出题形式a.三正一误Whichofthefollowingistrueexcept…Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…b.三误一正Whichofthefollowingistrue这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned…这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段,而且往往无列举标志词,如first,second,third等做题时只需阅读有关段落,根据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项,剩下一个原文中未提到的,为正确答案
2.2例证题对举例的考查为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一,这类题的基本结构为:Theauthorprovidesinline…或Paragraph…anexampleinorderto…意思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理关键在于这个例子在原文出现的位置,但不管如何,这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话,这句话就是答案,即举例的目的如果例子与全文主题有关,则例证主题,答案为主题句如果例子与段落主题有关,就例证段落主题,则答案为段落主题句;此外,答案为例子前后总结说明性的话
2.3)年代与数字这个考点有几种出题方式,但不管以何种形式出现,只要题干问年代与数字,答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字
2.4)比较比较考点的表现形式主要有a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构;b.表示绝对意义的字眼first第一,least最不,most最等;c.表示惟一性的词汇onlyunique等;阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇,便于做题时回原文定位
2.5)原因这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示resultreason;resultin结果,resultfrom由于,base…on…以……为基础,bedueto由于;becauseforwhy;asaresultconsequently等阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意原文相关句出现的格式都是先说原因,后说结果,而在题干中通常给出结果,就其原因提问InvitedbyMr.YeHuixianhostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”,MissLuoLinMissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday. BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.BeforeshetookpartinthecompetitionshehadbeenanairhostessinCatHayAirlineforsevenyears.However,itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestagedancingsingingmaking-upandotherpropermannersdesignedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.AnyhowIamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.ThistimeinShanghaiIdlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudiencesaidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai. B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents. C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain
1991. D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.解析A、C和D都可在原文找到答案,而B项原文列的是takentoHongKong可判断不是movedtoHongKongwithherparents,因此选B3做推理判断题的方法所谓推断,就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息即把有关的文字作为已知部分,从中推断出未知部分据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全文因此,解推断题时应注意不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点,要严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理;推理的根据来自于上下文;如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复,那它就不是推论,也就不是正确答案;如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合,文中却没有涉及,那它属于主观臆断的结论,也不是正确答案;如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正确答案;文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(shouldmustmayetc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,这有助于我们确定正确答案;注意作者在文章中的措辞,比如作者在形容词前用了too,excessivelyrather则常带有否定的口气;某些过渡词(例如howeverbutonthecontrarywhat’smore)后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度当然,解推断题的方法有多种,但最主要的就是根据词义关系推断具体细节通常,高考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种1.事实推断这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节,是比较简单的推断例如例题Secondlyanewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledon’twanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife.Asaresultmanystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad”news.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTVA.Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.B.Yourteacherhasgotacold.C.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasn’tbeencaught.D.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.2.指代推断确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目要确定指代词所指代的对象,关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解指代名词的指代词,其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致,因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物,其中itthis和that还可以指一件事有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事例题In1901H.G.WellsanEnglishwriterwroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplorers(探险者)landedonthemoontheydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothemoonpeopletheymet.Inturnthemoonpeopleexpressedtheirsurprise.Whytheyaskedareyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudontevenuseyourinnerspace?H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.Howeverthequestionthatthemoonpeopleaskedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.Whatdoestheunderlinedworditreferto?A.Discoveringthemoonsinnerspace.B.Usingtheearthsinnerspace.C.Meetingthemoonpeople“again.D.Travelingtoouterspace.由此可以看出it指上句中的thequestion,而thequestion又指第一段中月球人所提的问题所以根据第一段中的问题Whyareyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudontevenuseyourinnerspace?就可以判断出答案为B3.逻辑推断这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景,人物的表情,动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉,因此需根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵做这类题时,应把握作者的写作思路,预测下文可能发展的内容文章可按事件发展的经过描写,也可按因果关系对比关系来描写例题Weareinthecomputerage.Weoftenseecomputersatwork.Theyareespeciallyusefulinautomaticcontrol,dataprocessing(数据处理)andsolvingcomplicatedproblems.Andtheyarefindingtheirwayintothehome.Thepartplayedbycomputersisbecomingevenmoreimportantwitheachpassingday.Moreandcleverercomputerswillcontinuetoappear.Theywillrunfaster,havemorefunctionsandworkmuchmoreskillfully.Theywilltakeovermoretasksfromus,helpingtochangethefaceofourworld.Somepeopleeventhinkthatsoonerorlatercomputerswillreplaceus.However...Whichofthefollowingstatementswillbestcontinuethethirdparagraph?A.Computerswillsoonstopdeveloping.B.Manypeoplelikecomputersverymuch.C.Computersareascleverasman.D.Idonotthinkcomputerswillreplaceuscompletely.解析本文采用了对比关系法来描写,前面描写了计算机的长处,但作者用However一词预示着将引出相反的观点,故答案为D4.对作者的意图和态度的推断这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断,如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对,还是犹豫不定,对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠,还是厌恶作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来,而往往隐含在字里行间因此,进行这种推断时,我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提,又要注意作者的措辞,尤其是形容词一类的修饰语确定作者态度,可以有两种思路
1、问全文主体事物的包括主题,可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度;
2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度,则可以定位到具体相关句,然后确定答案因此,在阅读文章时,应能够辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节具体事实、重要细节是主题句的扩展、补充、说明或例证,是用来支持和说明中心思想的,而且是阅读理解测试的重要组成部分例如例题1Ifsomeoneasksme:“Doyoulikemusic”I’msureIwillanswerhimorher:“OfcourseIdo.”becauseIthinkmusicisanimportantpartofourlives.Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutmusic.FormeIlikerockmusicbecauseit’ssoexciting.Andmyfavoriterockbandthe“FoxyLadies”酷妹isoneofthemostfamousrockbandsintheworld.Ialsolikepopmusic.MyclassmateLiLanlovesdancemusicbecausesheenjoysdancing.MybestfriendJanelikesjazzmusic爵士乐.Shethinksjazzisreallycool.“Ilikedancemusicandrockverymuch.”saysmybrother“becausetheyareamazing.”Butmymotherthinksrockisboring.“Ilikesomerelaxing轻松的music”shesays.That’swhyshelikescountrymusicIthink.
①Thewriterlikesmusicbecausehethinks____________.A.it’sanexcitingpartofourlivesB.it’sanamazingpartofourlivesC.it’sanimportantpartofourlives
②WhatkindofmusicdoesthewriterlikeARockandpopmusic.BRockanddancemusic.CJazzandcountrymusic.
③WholikesdancingA.Thewriter.B.LiLan.C.Jane.
④Thewriter’smotherthinksthatcountrymusicis__________.A.amazingB.boringC.relaxing
⑤Howmanypeople’sideasaboutmusicaretalkedaboutinthispassageA.
4.B.
5.C.
6.例题2Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches蟑螂andtwospiders.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouseitwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects解析他要搬出所租的房子,而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样,所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复”,因此推出答案为D例题3Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK,theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.Mr.Neffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem,itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesorairplanes.Mr.Neffknowsalmosteverything.Hedoesn’taskquestions;heanswersquestions.Heneversays,“Idon’tknow.”Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetoMr.NeffA.HefindsMr.Neffhardtounderstand.B.HethinksMr.Neffwonderful.C.HefeelspityforMr.Neff.D.HedoesnotlikeMr.Neff.解析从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度,特别是Evenifhedoesmissthem,itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesortheairplanes.误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢?明显是讥讽,也是暗示他对Mr.Neff的讨厌之情答案为D例题4Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿),anddeath.Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto______.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform解析作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻,如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等;二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪(对坏新闻厌恶透了),故应选A4运用构词法、语境线索等帮助来推测关键词义在阅读中,我们或多或少会碰到一些生词和不熟悉的短语,这些生词和短语会妨碍我们对文章中心的理解,因此,如能理解文章,我们应掌握猜测词义的能力一般来说,生词所在的句子、段落会提供很多的暗示和线索,依据这些暗示和线索(例如同义词反义词线索;解释性线索;例证性线索;标点符号线索)就可以理解生词的词义了例如Thismaterialisunreadable.Theherdsmanwholooksaftersheepearnsabout650yuanayear.LikeheryoungersisterwhoisgregariousAlicealsolikestomakefriends.猜测词义的常用方法1)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化)进行判断英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀,后面加后缀,从而构成一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是生词,但掌握了一定的构词法知识,就不难猜出它的词义如例文MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences--buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.2)根据定义或解释猜测词义Skimmingmeanslookingoverapassagequicklytogetthemainideabeforeyoubegintoreaditcarefully.Theharborisprotectedbyajetty—awallbuiltoutintothewater.例题Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases短语.Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag”.Itisthesameas“totellasecret”….Nowwhensomeoneletsout泄漏asecrethe“letsthecatoutofthebag.”John“letsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe______.A.makeseveryoneknowasecretB.thewomanboutacatC.buysacatinthebagDsellsthecatinthebag3)根据情景和逻辑进行判断例题Astheygoaroundtownthepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethechildrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafighttheyputanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillaskthepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.Inthetext“putanendto”means“______”.A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly4)根据并列或同位关系猜测词义...,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon(orOldEnglish),aGermaniclanguage.TheChunnel,atunnel(隧道)connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.例题Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChineseA.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽5)根据背景和常识判断Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.ThedoorwassolowthatIhittheheadonthelintel.Thedoctorisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye.Mr.Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually,neitherearlynorlate.例题1ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptive被捕获的=cagedbirdwasdoingIdiscovereditonthefloorofthecagedead.Iwasterriblysurprised!Whathadhappened!Ihadtakenextremelycareofmylittlebird.ArthurWaynethefamousornithologistwhohappenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetimehearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybirdexplainedwhathadhappened.“Amothermockingbirdfindingheryounginacagewillsometimesbringitpoisonberries毒莓.Shethinksitisbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”Anornithologistisprobablyapersonwho______.AstudiesbirdsBlovescreaturesCmajorsinhabitsDtakescareoftrees例题2Waterisallaroundus.Waterisintheocean.Waterisinthelakesandrivers.Waterisintheair.Thereismorewaterthanlandontheearth.Alllivingthingsmusthaveit.Wemusthaveittoo.Wecannotlivewithoutdrinkingwater.Sometimeswedonothaveallthewaterthatweneed.Thelandwilldryupwithoutwater.Sometimestherecanbetoomuchwaterintheland.Ifitrainsveryveryhardtherainwaterwillrundownthehill.Ittakessomeofthelandwithitwhenitrunsdownthehills.Itiscallederosionwhenthewatertakesthelandaway.“Erosion”inthepassagemeans____________.A.地震B.雪崩C.侵蚀D.霜冻6)根据标点符号和提示词猜测词义Oneoftheobstaclestofalsereadingisvocalizing—sayingthewordstothemselvesinalowvoice.Theearlyscientificstudyofchemistry,knownasalchemy,grewupinEgyptinthefirstfewcenturiesA.D.7根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据上下句的连接词,如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义分号(;)还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义Hehasbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.8根据因果关系进行判断根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因Thebiggestpowerfailurehappenedyesterday.Allofourice-creamandfrozenfoodsmelted.后一句承接前一句,前一句的原因导致后一句的结果根据因果关系,停电很可能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品溶化,所以melted的词义应为溶化猜答案能力绝对词否决法;答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项这些语气词有:mustalwaysneverthemostallonlyhavetoanynoverycompletelynonehardly等例题1Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat_____.A.thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant.B.peoplestraditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue.C.mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs.D.peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime.分析四个选项中,C、D两项中都含有haveto,语气太绝对化,一般被排除考生在剩下两项中进行选择,就大大降低了难度例题2Themainideaofthispassageisthat_____.A.betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife.B.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities.C.theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago.D.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities.怀疑词判断法选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项这些语气词有cancouldmayshouldusuallymightmost大多数moreorlessrelativelybelikelytopossiblewhetherornotnecessarily等例题1Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves_____A.AmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesB.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsononessocialstatusC.AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica分析选项B中often一词,语气委婉,不十分肯定,故为答案而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化例题2Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat_____.A.societycantprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduatesB.highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducationC.toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownlivingD.collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout分析答案项C中有haveto语气太绝对化,故被排除而A项中cant的语气则不十分绝对化,故为答案★此外,在作者态度题中,象中立态度neutral一般不是选项在四个选项中,忽然有一个选项特别长或特别短,则此选项往往是正确选项在两个选项中,如果除个别字外,其他部分完全一样,其中往往有一个是正确选项Noneoftheabove往往是用作干扰项关键词对应法ABC=ABC法;ABC=A’B’C’法;ABC=CBA法;ABC≠ABD法选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义替换的一般是选项锅盖法较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的,选项一般是答案项A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB.tosolvetechnicalproblemsC.tobemorespecializedinhisfieldD.todevelophisprofessionalskillB“解决技术问题”;C“深化专业”;D“发展职业技能”这三项表达的意思都比较具体,而A项则概括地有深度,包括了B、C、D三项内容选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项,而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项其他技巧
1.如果文长题少,则以略读的方式先读一遍,而后带着问题去查阅,求得要找的答案
2.如果文短题多,则应先仔细阅读该短文,再去做题遇到某个题答不来时,可带着该问题去查阅某些细节
3.重点读段首句和段未句,看是否有主题句
4.问题要求解答案数字、人名、地名、时间
5.抓关键词的办法
6.画下不懂的难句。