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2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练
(54)及答案阅读理解Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitudetheattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysicsbiologychemistrygeologyengineeringmedicineoranyotherscience Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinoursocieties.Howevermanypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachinesproductsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop. Thesecondistheapplicationofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandaction thatscientistsuseintheirwork. WhatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandactingFirstofallitseemsthatasuccessfulscientistiscurious-hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallypaysattentiontoproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfyingexplanationand looksforrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves. Heisagoodobserveraccuratepatientandobjective客观的andusesthefactsheobservestothefullest.Forexampletrainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum光谱. Hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable.Herejectsauthorityastheonlybasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectively. Furthermore hedoesnotreadilyaccepthisownideasinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation. Lastly heisfullofimagination sinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore heneedsimagination ifhewantstoguesshowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace. Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.
10.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough_________A.knowledgeonly.B.morethanoneaspect. C.technologyonly. D.theuseofmachines.
11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutacuriousscientistisTRUEA.Hedoesn’tfindconfidenceandpleasureinwork.B.Heisinterestedinproblemsthatareexplained.C.Hemakeseffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.D.Helooksfornewwaysofacting.
12.AccordingtothepassageasuccessfulscientistwouldNOT_______________.A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.B.easilycriticizeothersresearchwork. C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork. D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.
13.WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribethedatathatagoodscientistusesA.completeB.objectiveC.complicatedD.accurate
14.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss A.Applicationoftechnology. B.Progressinmodemsociety. C.Scientistswaysofthinkingandacting. D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.
10.B从第二段中manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.可知科学在两个方面推动社会进步
11.CD选项的意思是“他总是寻求行动的新方法”,文中没有提及A应是findconfidenceandpleasure.D应是thatareunexplained
12.A从文中可知,科学家不是很容易相信没有检验的结论,但是他不仅批判别人的工作,还批判自已的工作,工作时需要想象力,充分利用自已观察所得
13.C倒数第二段中的complex等于complicated,意思是“复杂的”
14.C文中前两段简要介绍社会的进步依赖于科学的哪两个方面;后部分详细介绍第二个方面,即科学家的思考和行为方式第三部分阅读理解共两节,满分40分阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑A2012·上海春招TheAgeofUnreasonCharlesHandyInhisbookTheAgeofUnreasonProfessorHandydescribesthedramaticchangesthataretakingplaceinourlivestodayandwarnsthatwemustadapttothesechangesifwewanttosurviveinthefuture.Handybelievesthatinthefuturelessthan50%oftheworkforcewillbeemployedfulltimebyanorganization.Thesefulltimeemployeeswillbethequalifiedprofessionalstechniciansandmanagerswhoareessentialtoanorganization.Theirworkingliveswillbealotmoredemandingthantodaybutinreturntheywillbewellpaidandtheywillretireearlier.Therestoftheworkforcewillbeselfemployedorwillworkparttimeprovidingorganizationswiththeproductsandservicestheyrequireonacontractbasis.Handyforecastsabigincreaseinthenumberofworkingmothersinfutureandbelievestherewillbealargenumberofunemployed.Handygivesusplentyoffigurestoworryabout.Heestimatesthatbytheyear2040onepersoninfivewillretireandoneintenwillbeoverseventyfiveyearsold.TherewillbeoneretireetoeverythreepeopleofworkingageandevenmorethanthatincountriessuchasGermanyandSwitzerlandwheretheproportionwillbeasmuchasonetotwo.RetireeswillremainhealthyandactiveforlongerthantheydotodayandmanywilllivetobeahundredyearsoldafactwhichleadsHandytosuggestthatthetermretirementwillnolongerbeappropriate.Hesuggeststhethirdageisamoreappropriatedescriptionsinceitwillbeasimportantapartofourlivesasthefirstageoflearningandthesecondageofworkingareforustoday.文章大意本文讲述了汉迪教授写的《非理性时代》一书的简介56.ProfessorHandywrotethebookmostprobablyto________.A.warnusofpotentialsocialproblemsinthefutureB.predicttheleadingprofessionsinthecomingyearsC.describetheeffectofunemploymentonsocietyD.suggestabettertermforfutureretirement答案A 细节理解题由第一段“...warnsthatwemustadapttothesechangesifwewanttosurviveinthefuture”可知,Handy教授写这本书的目的是警告我们在未来我们必须适应社会变化才能生存57.AccordingtoProfessorHandythefutureworkforcewill________.A.adapttothechangesinretirementeasilyB.bemainlyselfemployedC.havefewerfulltimeworkersthantodayD.workonacontractbasis答案C 细节理解题由第二段可知,在未来,全职工人的数目将会比现在少58.Fromthelastparagraphwelearnthatabout30yearsfromnow,________.A.thenumberofretireeswilldoubleinmanycountriesB.ageingwillbeacommonandseriousproblemC.10%ofthepopulationwilllivetobe100yearsoldD.thethirdagewillbethemostimportantpartofourlives答案B 细节理解题由第三段第二句话“Heestimatesthatbytheyear2040onepersoninfivewillretireandoneintenwillbeoverseventyfiveyearsold.”可知B2012·苏州五市区调研HaagenDazsfromEuropestartedin1989andis5—10timesmoreexpensivethanregularicecream.Onpricethereisnorealadvantage.Howeveritadoptedauniquemarketingstrategyandquicklyoccupiedthemarketatopicecreambrand.HaagenDazsdidnotsetupshopsinordinarysupermarketsorgrocerystores.HaagenDazsleisurefashionshopsareinbusysectionsofmalls.Thelayoutiscarefullyplannedtocreateanelegantatmosphereandsometimesaflagship旗舰storelayoutwillcostseveralmilliondollars.ComparedtoothericecreambrandsHaagenDazsconsumersaretightlygrouped.ItisunderstoodthatHaagenDazsseldomdoestelevisionadvertising.Themajorityofadsarehighlyvisualimpactoftheprintads.Inparticularmanyadvertisementslockthosepyramidtipconsumers.Moreoveraslongastheconsumerspending500yuantofillinasmallformcanbecometheirmembersthesememberswillberegularlysentadvertisementsbydirectmail.PraiseofcustomersisapowerfulweaponforHaagenDazs.Thereisalwaysmuchcreativeingenuity独创性inHaagenDazsadvertisingsoitisrememberedbythepeople.☆initialadvertisementssuchas:“DeliciousHaagenDazslike24KgoldJapanKobebeeforiginalpalmoilmushroomtrufflesandChineseceramicsTiffanyAfrica...what‘icecreamwaswaitingfor”.☆“loveherlethereatHaagenDazs”ThisclassicsensationaladvertisementattractedmorenumerousHaagenDazsloverswhobecomeregulars.TodayHaagenDazshas55countriesintheworldwithapproximately700storeswithannualsalesofmorethan1billionUSdollarsabout
8.28billionyuan.HaagenDazshasbecometheworldsmostpopulartopicecreambrand.IntheUnitedStatesitsmarketshareis
6.1%1%inFrance
4.6%inJapan4%inSingaporeand5%inHongKong.Determinedtotakethe“Qugaohegua”lineHaagenDazshascombinedaccuratepositioninginthemarketplacewithdedicatedbrandgoals.Thisistherealsecretofsuccess.文章大意哈根达斯冰激凌始于1989年,比一般的冰激凌贵五到十倍,但是它因为采取了独到的营销策略,所以很快占领了市场,成为了冰激凌的超级品牌59.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHaagenDazsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassageA.Itissopopularthatitcanbeboughtinalmosteverysupermarket.B.Youcanenjoyyourselfbothphysicallyandspirituallybyeatingit.C.Ithasbecometheworldstopicecreambrandthroughitsefforts.D.Ifyouareoneofitsmembersyoumayreceiveitsadvertisementsregularly.答案A 推理判断题由第二段第一句话“HaagenDazsdidnotsetupshopsinordinarysupermarketsorgrocerystores.”可知,哈根达斯冰激凌在一般的超市和杂货店买不到,因此A项错误60.WhydoesHaagenDazsseldomdotelevisionadvertisementsA.Becauseitcantaffordtodotelevisionadvertisements.B.Becauseitdoesntthinktelevisionadvertisingattractsconsumers.C.Becauseitfocusesonitstargetconsumersbyusingothermedia.D.Becauseitsdesignisntsuitabletobebroadcastonthetelevision.答案C 细节理解题由第
三、四段可知,哈根达斯冰激凌使用了其他的广告手段吸引、并牢牢把握住它的目标群体61.AccordingtotheinitialadvertisementsofHaagenDazsitstressesthatitis________.A.perfectB.expensiveC.specialD.popular答案B 推理判断题由第五段“DeliciousHaagenDazslike24KgoldJapanKobebeeforiginalpalmoilmushroomtrufflesandChineseceramicsTiffanyAfrica...what‘icecreamwaswaitingfor”可知,哈根达斯冰激凌强调的是自己的产品很贵62.WhatisthebesttitleforthepassageA.TheoriginofHaagenDazs.B.ThecreativeadvertisementsofHaagenDazs.C.TheinfluenceofHaagenDazs.D.ThemarketingstrategyofHaagenDazs.答案D 主旨大意题由文章大意可知
4.(2011·上海卷)ATheteacherwhodidthemosttoencouragemewasasithappenedmyaunt.ShewasMyrtleC.Manigaultthewifeofmymother’sbrotherBill.Shetaughtinsecondgradeatall-blackSummerSchoolinCamdenNewJersey.DuringmychildhoodandyouthAuntMyrtleencouragedmetodevelopeveryaspectofmypotentialwithoutregardforwhatwasconsideredpracticalorpossibleforblackfemales.Ilikedtosing;shelistenedtomyvoiceandpronounceditgood.Icouldn’tdance;shetaughtmethebasicdancingsteps.Shetookmetothetheatre____notjustchildren’stheatrebutadultcomediesanddramas---andherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplayswasnotdisappointed.Myauntalsotookdownbooksfromherextensivelibraryandsharedthemwithme.Ihadbooksathomebuttheywereallseriousclassics.EvenasachildIhadastronglikingforhumorandI’llneverforgetthejoyofdiscoveringDonMarquis’sArchyMehitabelthroughher.MostimportantperhapsAuntMyrtleprovidedmyfirstopportunitytowriteforpublication.Awriterherselfforoneoftheblacknewspapersshesuggestedmynametotheeditorasa“youthcolumnist”.MycolumnbegunwhenIwasfourteenwassupposedtocoverteenagesocialactivities---anditdid---butitalsogavemethefreedomtowriteonmanyothersubjectsaswellasthehabitofgatheringmaterialthedisciplineofmeetingdeadlinesandaftergraduationfromcollegesixyearslaterasolidcollectionofpublishedmaterialthatcarriedmynameandwasmypassporttoaseriesofwritingjobs.TodayAuntMyrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher“favoriteniece”.Likeadiamondshehasreflectedabrightmultifaceted多面的imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedherpath.
65.WhichofthefollowingdidAuntMyrtledototheauthorduringherchildhoodandyouthA.Shelenthersomeseriousclassics.B.Shecultivatedhertasteformusic.C.Shediscoveredhertalentfordancing.D.Sheintroducedhertoadultplays.
66.WhatdoesArchyMehitabelinParagraph3probablyrefertoA.Abookofgreatfun.B.Awriterofhighfame.C.Aseriousmasterpiece.D.Aheartbreakingplay.
67.AuntMyrtlerecommendedtheauthortoanewspapereditormainlyto____.A.develophercapabilitiesforwriting.B.giveherachancetocollectmaterialC.involveherinteenagesocialactivitiesD.offerheraseriesofwritingjobs.
68.WecanconcludefromthepassagethatAuntMyrtlewasateacherwho_____.A.trainedpupilstobediligentandwell-disciplinedB.gavepupilsconfidenceinexploitingtheirpotentialC.emphasizedwhatwaspracticalorpossibleforpupilsD.helpedpupilsovercomedifficultiesinlearning【答案】DAABMostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisendwewalkthedogplaygolfgofishingsitinthegardendrinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepubhaveapicnicliveinthesuburbsgototheseasidebuyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularfreetimeactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers慢跑者jogtheydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneofthemautomaticallyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyfirmbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednaturebutweallseeknaturewhetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Butdespitethisourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived丧失.Ispentmyboyhoodclimbingtrees.Thesedayschildrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedomsduetoproblemslikecrimetrafficthelossoftheopenspacesandstrangenewideasaboutwhatisbestforchildrenthatistosaythingsthatcanbeboughtratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD多动症.Thosewhosehousinghadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironmenttheentireschoolwoulddobetterinstudies.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygroundschildrencreateahierarchy等级basedonphysicalabilitieswiththetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushesthechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplayandthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.Mostbullying恃强凌弱isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac柏油碎石playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolwithitshardtarmacwhereIusedtohangaboutincornersdreamingaboutwildlife.Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspacesforhealthandsafetyreasonsforfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.Soinsteadthedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHDnowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.HoweverwespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplacesThelifeofoldpeopleismuchbetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Themostimportantforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflifethereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.DrWilliamBirdresearcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirdsstatesinhisstudy“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsprocesshelpsreduceangerandbehaviorthatpeoplemightregretlater.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreasonnomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.Wetendtothinkhumanbeingsaredoingnaturesomekindoffavourwhenweareprotectingnature.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselvesbuttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisdamaging.Humanbeingsareaspeciesofanimals.Forsevenmillionyearswelivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Sowemissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadogstrokedacatsatunderatreewithaglassofbeergivenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonanicedayunderstandsthat.Weneedthewildworld.Itisnecessarytoourwell-beingourhealthourhappiness.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.
15.Whatistheauthor’sfirmbelief A.Peopleseeknatureindifferentways. B.Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild. C.Peoplehavequitedifferentideasofnature. D.Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.
16.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays A.Personalfreedom. B.Thingsthatarenatural. C.Urbansurroundings. D.Thingsthatarepurchased.
17.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow A.Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter. B.Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill. C.Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities. D.NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.
18.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________. A.tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience B.aremorelikelytodreamaboutwildlife C.tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood D.arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying
19.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD A.Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem. B.Providemoregreenspacesforthem. C.Placethemundermorepersonalcare. D.Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.
20.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature A.Theylookonlifeoptimistically. B.Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.C.Theyareabletolivelonger.D.Theybecomegood-humoured.
15.A从第一段最后一句”Itismyfirmbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednaturebutweallseeknaturewhetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.”可知人们以各种形式追寻大自然,亲近大自然
16.D从第二段最后一句中“thingsthatcanbeboughtratherthanthingsthatcanbefound”可知父母现在更愿意给孩子买东西.
17.B从第四段第一句中“kindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalability”可以得出B结论
18.D从第六段第一句中的“theleastbullyingisin anaturalarea thatthechildrenareencouragedto explore.”可以得出D结论
19.B第八段第二句“YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.”可知对多动症儿童来说,把他们置于自然环境中是最有益的
20.B第九段第二句“Themostimportantforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.”可以得出B结论 。