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中考英语阅读理解专项复习Readingcomprehensionchoosethebestanswer1in4Task-basedreadingchart/formfillintheblanks阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类叙述文、说明文和议论文1)、叙述文叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主,对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中,或顺序或倒序但是在考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文,因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂所以中考中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章这类文章的基本结构模式是
(1)一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历话题
(2)叙述先前的经历及其感悟或发现
(3)叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现
(4)做出总结或结论2)、说明文(描述文)说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即提出问题(或以一个事例引出问题)----发现直接原因-----分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路知道了类似的文章结构特点,就可以据此来进行考题预测比如,我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型,就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因,还有可能要出现推断题3)、议论文我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张---反主张模式在这一模式中,作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点,然后进行澄清,说明自己的主张或观点,或者说提出反主张或真实情况议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题,文章主旨题以及推理判断题只要发现了这种结构特点,解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案,基本上不存在任何困难通过研究以上的文章结构特点,我们不难发现,在我省中考阅读理解中无论任何体裁的文章往往都遵循着这样一个共同的模式提出话题(观点或事例)----用事例分析原因或批驳观点------得出结论对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始和结尾,分清观点和事例,从而在阅读理解中准确定位,快速答题语句理解题要求正确理解短文中一些关健词、短语或句子的含义常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等解题技巧1透彻理解题意,从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子,根据特定的语境判断理解,推敲斟酌,最后确定含义2要熟悉常见的设问形式1Theunderlinedwordinthe…paragraphrefersto/means________.2Whatdoes“______”inparagraph…standfor/mean3“______”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing4Theexpression/phrase“_______”means______.5Theword“______”isclosestinmeaningto______.Examples:Anotherfactor因素thatmaycontributeto促使thegoodhealthofthesepeopleistheirisolation.Mostofthemarekeptoffthemodernworld.
74.Whatdoestheword“isolation”meansinChineseA.自我封闭B、与世隔绝C、独立D、淡泊通过通读文章,从后面句子可以推断出这个单词的汉语意思是B猜测词义的技巧1上下文间意义的联系;2)同义关系,反义关系;3)词的定义;4)对词的解释和举例;5)构词法知识猜测词义点晴Wordslikepeoplearefrequentlyknownbythecompanytheykeep.Aword’scontextorsurroundingscanprovidecluestomeaning.推理判断题主要对短文的结论、隐含意义(寓意)、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查,纵观全文,在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上,严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述事实,进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申,包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的动机和性格特征、作者的倾向态度、语言中的语态和语气等有时还可能会假设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提及情况进行推理和想象,对题目中提出各种可能性进行推敲,从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图的最佳答案解题技巧
1、读懂原文,抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落,透彻理解文章内容注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系,并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识,仔细斟酌,作出准确的推断和引申
2、熟悉常用的设问方式1Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat______.2Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat________.3Thepassage/story/author/paragraphimpliesbutdoesnotdirectlystatethat_______.4Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat________________.5Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappento…attheendofthestory归纳概括题此类题主要针对的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或题段)、作者的写作目的purpose等方面,要求考生在准确理解全文后,归纳短文要点、概括中心思想,也分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等解题技巧领会全文大意,灵活运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法,真正理解文章的话题和中心思想一般而言,英语文章的话题往往用很少几个词加以概括,通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上;不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题,特点是新闻报道,第一段通常是故事的梗概leadparagraph,这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想,但也要注意,不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中;主题段通常在文章简要概括文章中心思想,而主题句topicsentence常在一段的开头,也有可能在段中或段末这类题常见的命题方式有
(1)Whatisthemainideasubjectofthispassage
(2)Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout
(3)Themainthemeofthispassageis___________.
(4)Themainpointofthepassageis__________.
(5)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage
(6)Thetitlethatbestexpressesthethemeofthepassageis___________.
(7)Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage_________.
(8)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole
1、关于主题型 找中心(MainIdea)Example1:
68.Thesetwopassagesare_____________.(07中考第68小题,阅读理解A篇)A.diariesB.reportsC.newsD.ads本题问及文章的体裁通过快读(skimming)我们知道这是一篇有两段关于宾馆和前往美国的飞机航线的文章,根据所述内容和格式,可以知道D是正确答案
2、关于标题型为文章选择标题(Title)Example:
75.WhatwouldthebesttitleforthepassageA.GoodHealthB.TheOldPeopleintheMountainsC.Long-livedPeopleD.TheSecretofLongLife本题是给文章选标题,实际上也是问及全篇的主旨
3、关于目的型推断作者的写作意图(Purpose)类似Theauthorspurposeinwritingthispassageisto________.这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子,而且要能够根据作者思路的展开,把握作者在整篇文章中的观点,因此,必须看懂全篇文章的意思§答题的基本步骤
1.先看问题,再读文章带着问题阅读短文,确定主攻方向,特别要注意首尾段和首尾句,把握文章的主题和用户服务,摘取有用的材料,舍弃无关的信息,有的放矢,高效省时
2.细读全文,认真推敲针对题目的要求,细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落,要特别留心一些信息词,它们既是检查的重点,也是把握全文意思的突破口因此必须准确判断,仔细斟酌,以便选出最佳答案
3.复读全文,验证答案在选出全部答案后,应将答案带入问题中重读全文,看前后意思是否贯通,有无矛盾,若前后不一致或意思矛盾,则要考虑重选答案
1、抓细节、做记号了解文章主旨后应该细读文章,并且边读边用铅笔做些记号,例如把人物、时间、地点等圈出来,看完再回头找时便一目了然了对于难一点的题目,要回头再查阅短文,在文中划出依据§注意事项
1、所选有据,避免主观 学会“虚实结合”
2、符合原文的答案=正确答案≠最佳答案阅读题要求选的是最佳答案,有的答案从某个枝节来看是对,但从全文来看则不是最佳的因此,必须通盘考虑,取主题,舍枝节
3、解题有法,但无定法,贵在得法要答好阅读理解题,必须多读、巧读和善于思考要不断扩大词汇量,拓宽阅读面,提高阅读速度,同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或,实践出真知,多练出效益近三年中考英语阅读真题2010ADoyoulearnfromyourmistakesIhopeso.ButhaveyouevermadethesamemistaketwiceIhave.SometimesImakethesamemistakethreeorfourtimes!Sometimesgoodthingshappenbecauseofmistakes.OnceIgotonthewrongtrain.Thatwasabigmistake.ButonthattrainIsawagoodfriend.IwassohappyImadethatmistake!AnothertimeIruinedasurprise.Mymotherplannedasurprisepartyformyfather.Shetoldmeitwasasecret.ButIwasjustalittleboyandIcouldn’tkeepthesecret.Itoldmyfatherabouttheparty.Atfirstmymotherwasmadatme.Butthenmyfathersaidhewashappyheknewaboutit.Hesaidhedidn’tlikesurprise.Whenagoodthingcomesoutofamistakethat’sahappyaccident.
56.Theboysaw___onthewrongtrain.A.hisfriendB.hisfatherC.hismotherD.histeacher
57.Hismotheraskedhimto___.A.planasurprisepartyB.tellhisfatheraboutthepartyC.keepasecretaboutthepartyD.invitehisfriendtotheparty
58.WhatdoestheboythinkofmistakesA.Mistakesarenotwelcome.B.Amistakeisterriblething..C.Allmistakesmenhappyaccidents.D.Sometimesamistakecanbeagoodthing.BThepandaisoneoftheanimalsmostindanger.Threeareabout1000pandaslivinginnaturereservestoday.Zoosandresearchcenterslookafterabout160pandas.Scientistsarestudyinghowtheyliveandmorebabypandasareborninthezoos.PandasliveintheforestsandmountainsofSouthernChina.Theymainlyliveonbambooandeachpandasneedstoeatalotofbambooeveryday.Theareaofbambooisbecomingsmallerformanydifferentreasonssopandashavelessandlesslandtoliveon.Pandasdon’thavemanybabiesandbabypandaoftendies.Thesituationisbecomingveryserious.Ourgovernmentisworkinghardtosavepandas.Therearemorethan30naturereservestoprotectpandasbutthesearenotenough.Thegovernmenthasmadeanewplantohelppandas.Thenaturereserveswillbebiggerandthebamboowillgrowbetter.Thenthepandaswillhaveenoughfoodandenoughplacestolivein.Pandasborninthezoosmaygobacktoliveinthenaturereserves.Mostpeoplelovepandas.Thepandaisoneofthebest-knownanimalsintheworld.ItisthesymbolfortheWorldWideFundforNature.TheWWFworkstoprotectallanimalsindangersothepandahasbecomethesymbolofallanimalsindanger.Thereisstillalongwaytosavethepanda.Thinkofotheranimalsindanger.Thereisstillalongwaytogotosavethepanda.Thinkofotheranimalsindangersuchastigerswhalesturtlesandelephants—andweneedtosavethemtoo.
59.Thereareabout___pandaslivinginthenaturereservestoday.A.30B.160C.300D.
100060.Paragraph2ismainlyabout___.A.whypandasareindangerB.whybabypandasoftendieC.howtoprotectallanimalsD.howtoplantmorebamboo
61.Thegovernmentistrying___tohelpthepandas.A.tobuildmorezoosB.tosendmorescientistsC.tomakebiggernaturereservesD.toasktheWWFtoworkinChina
62.___isthesymbolfortheWorldWideFundforNature.A.TheTigerB.ThepandaC.TheelephantD.TheWhaleCRonlovedbasketball.Oneafternoononhiswaytoabasketballgamehewaswalkinganddreamingaboutplayingcollegebasketballthefollowingyear.AsRonwaswalkingtothegameacarhithimsohardthathewasthrownthreefeetintotheair.Ronwokeupinahospitalroom.Whenhelearnedthatbothhislegswerebrokenherealizedhiscollegebasketballdreamswereover.Rondidwhatthedoctorstoldhimbuthisprogresswasslow.WhenheleftthehospitalRonwassenttoahealthcenterforphysicaltreatment.AweekafterhearrivedtherehemetSunny.Sunnywasacoach.Hislegswerehurtparalysed瘫痪的fromaskiingaccident.EventhoughhecouldntmovehislegsSunnycoachedofabasketballteamcalledtheSuns.Everybodyontheteamplayedfromawheelchair.SunnyinvitedTonytojointhegame.Tonyplayedbadlybutforthefirsttimesincetheaccidenthestoppedfeelingsorryforhimself.AfterbecomingapartoftheSunsRonimprovedquickly.Basketballwaslikemedicineforhim.AndwheneverRonbecamedepressedorangrySunnywastheretoencourageandhelphim.ThedaybeforeRonleftthecenterhehaddinnerwithSunny.HeaskedSunnyhowhemanagedtobegenerousandcheerfulevenwithhisparalysis.Sunnysmiledandsaid“It’sreallyquiteeasy.Whenyoukeepyourfacetothesuntheshadows阴影fallbehind.”
63.WhathappenedtoRononhiswaytoabasketballgameA.Acarhithim.B.Hemethiscoach.C.Hisdoctorcalledhim.D.Hefelldownandcuthisfoot.
64.Theunderlinedword“depressed”means___inChinese.A.懒惰的B.好奇的C.沮丧的D.激动的
65.WhatisthemostimportantthingwecanlearnfromthestoryA.Basketballcanteachpeopleaboutlife.B.Keepsmilingwhenyoufacedifficulties.C.Lifeismoredifficultfortheparalysed.D.Skiingismoredangerousthanbasketball.2009AThesedaysmoreandmorestudentsintheUKaretakingagapyearbetweentheirgraduationfromschoolandtheiruniversitystudies.Thismeansthattheytakeayearofftodosomethingelsebeforetheystarttheirstudies.Formoststudentsspendingtimeinforeigncountriesisthefavouriteactivity一andAustraliaisthefavouriteplacetogo.Manyparentsteachersandbusinesspeopleagreethattravellingcanteachimportantvalues.Afterayearoftravelling.Ilearnttheimportanceofrelationshipswithpeopleonallsortsoflevels.Therearemanycompaniesaroundtheworldthatwelcomethesestudentsontheirprojects一helpingpeopleinpoorercountriesoreveninyourhomecountry.Althoughyoudontgetpaidforyourworkthiskindofworkcanteachimportantskills―decisionmakingandfindinganswerstoproblemsforexample―thatwillhelpastudentinajoboneday.Finallytheknowledgeandexperienceyougetwillonedaybeveryusefulinanareayouhopetostudyorworkin.Ifseveraluniversitygraduatesareapplyingforthesamejob.gapyearworkexperienceallowsyoutosay:Ivealreadyhadsomeexperienceofthiskindofwork.Andthatcangetyouthejob!
56.ThesedaysstudentsintheUKtakeagapyear.A.fewB.manyC.allD.afew
57.Travellingcanteachyouvaluessuchaslearningabout.A.flightsB.moneyC.relationshipsD.jobs
58.Tohelppoorerpeopleyouhavetobeprepared.A.toliveinanothercountryB.tobepaidverywellC.tobepaidverylittleD.toworkforfree
59.Universitygraduateswithsomeworkexperienceoftengetthangraduateswithoutexperience.A.moremoneyB.moreimportantjobsC.jobsmoreeasilyD.morejobsinothercountriesBWhatswrongSuzieaskedDad.WhyareyoulookingsounhappyItsjustthatAminehasgoneaway.Iwillneverseeheragain.HerwholefamilyhasmovedtoSydneycriedSuzie.Shewillgotoanewschooltheremakenewfriendsleadanewlifeand...andforgetme.Suziecouldntspeakanymorewithtearsinhereyes.DadheldSuziessmallhandinhislargeoneandgentlypatted拍herhead.ItsOKSuziehesaidImsureyoullfindanotherfriend.TherearesomanyotherchildrenatschoolarentthereBut...butitsnotthesame!Amineismyspecialfriend―thebestfriendFveeverhad.Idontwanttogotoschoolwithouther.i£NowdearitisreallysadtoseeAminegoingaway.Butyouhavetomoveonwithyourownlife.Listentomegotoschoolandgetyourselfsomenewfriends.Cheerup!Suzienoddedherheadandbeganreadingherstorybook.
60.WhowasAmineA.Suziesbestfriend.B.Suziessister.C.Suziesteacher.D.Suziesaunt.
61.HowdidSuziefeelaboutAminesleavingA.Happy.B.Sad.C.Funny.D.Proud.
62.WhatdidSuziesdadtellherA.Aminewasnotherfriend.B.SuziecouldntgotoschoolwithoutAmine.C.TheywouldmovetoSydneytoo.D.Suzieshouldgetherselfsomenewfriends.CThepostofficehasplentyofworktodo.Ithandles处理thousandsofletterseveryday.LetsfollowaletterallthewayacrossAmerica.JulielivesinNewYork.ShewrotealettertoDave.DavelivesinOregon.Julieputtheletterinthemailbox邮箱onMondaynight.OnTuesdaymorningatruckstoppedatthemailbox.Themailcarrier投递员putthelettersintoalargebagandtookthebagtoapostofficeinNewYork.OnTuesdayafternoonthelettersweresorted.Zipcodeswereusedtosortthemail.Amachinepickedupaletterandheldit.Aworkerreadthezipcode.Thentheworkerpushedfivebuttonsonanothermachine.Theworkerhadonlyonesecondtodothis.Aftertheworkerpushedthebuttonsthemachineputtheletterinabox.ByTuesdaynighttheboxwasonatruck.Thetruckwenttotheairport.AnairplanetookoffforOregononWednesdaymorning.Juliesletterwentontheairplane.BynoontheletterswereinanairportinOregon.Mailtrucksthentookthemtopostoffices.OneofthesewasinDavestown.OnWednesdaynightpeopleinDavestownsortedthelettersbystreetname.OnThursdaymorningthemailcarrierforMainStreetpickedupherpileofletters.Shesortedallofthembystreetaddressbeforedelivering递送.Thepeopleat1MainStreetgottheirmailfirst.Da\elivedat221MainStreet.Hegothisletterbeforelunch.
63.WheredidJulieslettertravelfirstA.ToapostofficeinNewYork.B.Onatruckthatwenttotheairport.C.ToapostofficeinOregon.D.OntheairplaneforOregon.
64.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordZipcodesmeaninChineseA.密码B.电话号码C.邮政编码D.身份证号码
65.Thetitleofthepassageis.A.HowaLetterIsWrittenB.HowMailIsDeliveredC.HowaLetterGetstotheAirportD.HowaMachinePicksupLetters2008AWhenIwas16yearsagoaboygavemeanimportantgift.Itwasasmile.Itwastheearlyautumnofmyfirstyearatajuniorhighschoolandmyoldschoolwasfaraway.AsaresultnooneknewwhoIwas.Iwasverylonelyandafraidtomakefriendswithanyone.EverytimeIheardtheotherstudentstalkingandlaughingIfeltmyheartbreak.Icouldn’ttalkaboutanyonewithmyproblems.AndIdidn’tmyparentstoworryaboutme.ThenonedaymyclassmatestalkedhappilywiththeirfriendsbutIsatatmydeskunhappilyasusual.Atthatmomentaboyenteredtheclassroom.Ididn’tknowwhohewas.Hepassedmeandthenturnedback.Helookedatmewithoutawordasmile.SuddenlyIfeltthetouchofsomethingbrightandfriendly.Itmademefeelhappylivelyandwarm.Thatsmilechangedmylife.Istartedtotalkwithotherstudentsandmadefriends.DaybydayIbecameclosertoeveryoneinmyclass.Theboywiththeluckysmilehasbecomemybestfriendnow.OnedayIaskedhimwhyhesmiledbuthecouldn’tremembersmilingatme!Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseallthedarkdayshavegone.Ibelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.Ifyouthinkitlonelyyoumightalwaysbealone.Sosmileatworldanditwillsmileback.
56.WhywasthesmileanimportantgiftA.Becausethewriter’soldschoolwasfaraway.B.Becausethewriterdidn’tknowwhotheboywas.C.Becausethesmiledidn’tmeananythingtotheboy.D.Becauseitmadethewriterfeelhappylivelyandwarm.
57.Thewriterdidn’ttalktoanyoneinhernewschoolaboutherproblembecause.A.shewasalwaysunhappyB.shedidn’thaveanyfriendsthereC.shewasinthefirstyearatthejuniorhighschoolD.shedidn’twantherparentstoworryabouther
58.Howdidthesmilechangeherlife543A.Shestartedtomakefriends.B.Shebecamethebestfriendwiththeboy.C.Herparentsdidn’tworryaboutheranymore.D.Sherealizedthatshewaslonely.
59.WheredoesshenowthinkherfeelingofunhappinesscamefromA.Fromheroldschool.B.Fromherparents.C.FromherselfD.FromherclassmateatthenewschoolBWhenweaskedstudentswhattheywanttobetheyoftentalkaboutunusualjobsthingsliketeachersanddoctors.Butifyouthinkaboutitmanypeopledon’tplantodotheirjobs.Theyjuststartdoingthembyaccident.Wehavetalkedtotwopeoplewithunusualjobs.Emilyisadentistbutshedoesn’tworkwithpeople.Sheworkswithhorses.Afteruniversityshetookcareofanimal’shealthforseveralyearsbutshenoticesthattherewerefewpeoplewhocouldhelphorses’teeth.Shedeicidetogotocollegeandstudyagain.Thenshehadtobuyspecialtoolsbutsheisneveroutofwork.She’dalwaysverybusytakingcareofhorses’teeth.“Icouldn’tbeadentistforpeoplenow”Emilysaid“becauseIreallyenjoyworkingwithhorses.”AssoonasDavidcouldreadhereadbooksaboutrobotsbuttherobotshebuildtodaydon’tlooklikethestrangerobotpeopleinhisbooks.Hebuildrobotsforindustry.Earlyonehemadeuphismindtostudymathscienceandcomputerssothathecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineering.“Someofthemathisverydifficult.”sayDavid“butyoumuststudymathtobeanengineer.”Fortunatelyhegottopmarksinallhismathexams.
60.Emilydoesn’twanttobeadentistbecause.A.thepayislowB.shehastobuyspecialtoolsC.shewillbeoutofworkD.shelikesworkingwithhorses
61.TobecomearobotengineerDavid.A.needtoworryB.boughtalotofrobotsC.hadtostudyhardD.didn’thavetogotocollege
62.Davidgottopmarksinallhismathexamsalthough.A.mathwasnoteasytostudyB.hehastostudymathtobeanengineerC.hecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineeringD.hemadeuphismindtostudymathscienceandcomputersCWealldreamalthoughwerememberonlyafewofourdreams.Somepeopletrainthemselvestoremembertheirdreams.Assoonastheywakeuptheyrecordwhattheirdreamswereabout.Scientistsbelievethatwehavedifferentkindsofsleep.OnekindiscalledR.E.M.R.E.W.standsforrapideyemovement.Duringthiskindofsleepoureyesmovequicklyeventhoughtheyareclosed.Althoughweareasleepthereisalotofbrainactivities.Weprobablyhavedreamsatthistime.Sometimespeopletalkintheirsleep.Inthesedreamsthedreamerisusuallyunhappyorworriedaboutsomething.Theworstofthedreamsaresofrighteningthatwecallthemnightmares.Inanightmareweoftendreamthatwearebeingclosedorthatwearetrappedinsomeway.Scientistsorothershavewrittenbooksaboutthemeaningsofdreams.ThemostfamousofthesescientistswasSigmundFreudwhowroteahundredyearsago.Hesuggesteddifferentmeaningstocertainkindsofdreams.Itispossiblehoweverthateverydreamhasaspecialmeaningonlyforthepersonwhodreamsitandthatthisdreamaboutsomethinginthatperson’slife.
63.HowcanwetellifsomeoneishavinganR.E.M.dreamA.Theyaretalkingintheirsleep.B.Theyareworriedaboutsomething.C.Theireyesaremovingquickly.D.heireyesaremovingslowly.
64.Whatdoestheword“nightmare”inthe3rdparagraphmeansinChineseA.噩梦B.睡眠C.美梦D.失眠
65.WhatisthemainideaofParagraphFourA.BadDreamsB.ThemeaningofdreamsC.PeopleandtheirdreamsD.R.E.M.andsleepanddreams。