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九年级英语复习教案一.考点透视知识与能力要求重难点问题归纳中考热点分析预测应试策略二.知识讲解名词代词冠词数词形容词、副词介词三.典型例题四.强化训练及答案一.考点透视【知识与能力要求】1.掌握所学单词的形态变化2.掌握简单句的五种基本句型,四笔头练习基本正确3.能理解不复杂的、含有状语从句或宾语从句的复合句4.掌握动词的五种基本时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的基本用法5.能理解并初步掌握过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时的基本用法6.掌握一般现在时(包括含有情态动词的一般现在时)、一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法7.掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语的用法(作主语和定语的用法只要求理解)【重难点问题归纳】语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的因此,单词的形态变化和简单句的五种基本句型是语法学习的基础之基础五种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中毕业班学生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点五种基本时态中的一般过去时和现在完成时的基本用法及其区别是学习的难点状语从句中的时态问题,宾语从句中的主语和谓语的语序问题是学生感到头痛的问题被动语态是中国学生最不喜欢学习和使用的一种语态因此,学生在学习时,时常感觉到很困难动词不定式是初中英语语法中的一个重点不定式在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和状语等用法均要求掌握,特别是一些动词,有些后面要求跟不定式作宾语,有些则要求跟动词一ing形式作宾语总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程【中考热点分析预测】语法部分历年来是中考的必考内容考试的范围广,涉及单词词形变化、基本句子结构、五种基本时态搬动语态、不定式用法以及状语从句、宾语从句,等等近年来,在教学改革方面加大了对听说教学的力度,初中段以培养学生的交际能力为主,为高中段的英语学习打好基础,对语法知识的要求作了调整,降低了难度,但考查的范围并没有减小单纯考语法知识的题比以前明显减少试题往往设置一个情景,在对话中考查时态及基本句型当然,有些语法项目设置在单句中,如不定式、被动语态以及词语搭配语言学习是一个积累的过程,不记住相当数量的词语、习惯用语句型和语法规则,是学不好英语的因此,对词形变换、句型结构、状语从句中的时态以及常用的五种基本时态的考查仍将是中考命题的热点【应试策略】动词及其时态是英语学习最重要的部分,也是学习的难点被动语态也是学习的难点宾语从句和状语从句是复合句中最重要、最常用的结构,是初中毕业生必须掌握的从句注意现在时、过去时和将来时及现在完成时的基本用法以及句中的副词(包括时间副词)的用法,尤其要注意过去时与现在完成时的区别宾语从句要注意从句结构的语序(连接词+从句的主语+从句的谓语+……)问题和时态问题(主句是过去时,从句必须用过去时的某种形式);状语从句要注意在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时态动词、时态与语态与从句一定要在大量课文和对话的句子中反复操练,才能真正学会只要你在复习和应试中注意以上几点,考试就一定能取得好成绩二.知识讲解【名词】1.名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加apieceof这一类短语要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数如chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等2.名词的复数
(1)规则变化A.一般情况下加sB.以sxchsh结尾的加es如busbuses,boxboxes,watchwatches,brushbrushesC.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加es如citycities,countrycountriesD.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加es
(2)不规则变化A.元音发生变化如manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,toothteeth,mousemiceB.词尾发生变化如childchildrenC.单、复数同形如fishfish,JapaneseJapanese,ChineseChinese,sheepsheep
(3)物质名词(不可数名词)量的表示方法A.用much,alittle,alotof等表示B.用容器表示abowlofrice,aglassofwater,acupoftea,apieceof,orange,twoglassesofmilk,twopiecesofpaper
(4)名词的所有格1名词所有格的构成法A.单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’stheworkersbike,theChildren’sballB.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’s如ThisisLucyandLicy’sroom.TheseareKatesandjack’srooms.C.如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’如:thestudents’books,thegirls’blouses2名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.如:thelegsofthedesk,thedooroftheroom但在表示名词所有格时,’s结构也常可转换成of结构有些表示时间距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格.如:tenminuteswalk,todaysnewspaper【代词】人称代词,物主代词,反身代词类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数WeusOurOursourselves第二人称单数Youyouyouryoursyourself复数YouYouYouryoursyourselves第三人称单数HehimHisHisHimselfSheHerHerHersHerselfItItItsItsItself复数TheyThemTheirTheirsthemselves1.人称代词人称代词it的特殊用法一般it指“它”,但在表示天气、时间、距离等时,用it来代替,此时的it并不译为“它”当三个人称代词单数同时出现时,其先后顺序为you,he,I而复数一般采用we,you,they顺序2.物主代词物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语3.反身代词
1、反身代词的构成分两种第
一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves;第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.
2、反身代词的用法一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身如Ienjoyedmyselfattheparty.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气如Icandoitmyself.
3、初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有enjoyoneself,helponeselfto,learnbyoneself,teachoneself,allbyoneself,leave...byoneself,loseoneselfin等,在运用反身代词时,应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致试比较“Helpyourselvestosomefish,TomandMike.”与Ican’tleavethegirlbyherself.4.指示代词指示代词的特殊用法1为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以2this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分5.不定代词主要不定代词的用法1one的用法A.one作为代词可以指人,也可以指物B.one,onesone的复数形式可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复C.one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词来修饰D.常有a+形容词+one这一形式it和one的用法区别it用来指特定的东西,而one则用于替代不特定的东西2some和any的用法区别A.some,any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中B.some,any与—thing,—body,—one构成的合成词的用法与some,any一样C.在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用someD.some在否定句中表示半否定,any表示全否定E.some用于单数可数名词前,表示“某个”而不是“一些”3other,another的用法数种类单数复数泛指another=anotherotherboysothers特指theothertheotherboystheothers功能作主语、宾语、定语作定语作主语、宾语A、another=another另一个”,泛指众多者中的另一个,在原有基础上自然增加的另一个一般后面接单数名词,前面不能加定冠词有时another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”,如Iwanttohaveanothertwocakes.我想再吃两个蛋糕B.theother表示两个中的另一个,常与one连用常见形式是“one...theother...”C.other+复数名词=othersD.theother+复数名词=theothers4a
11、both的用法both表示“两者都……”,而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都……”a
11、both在句中放在be动词,情态动词及助动词之后,放在实义动词之前5each和every的用法A.each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个B.从含义和语法功能上看,each是“单个”的意思,侧重个体,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语而every是“每一个”之意,侧重全体、整体、共性在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词6either,neither,both的用法either指两者中的任意一个作主语谓语用单数neither指两者都不,全否定作主语谓语用单数both指两者都作主语谓语用复数7many和muchmany只能和复数可数名词连用much只能和不可数名词连用注意alotof/lotsof/plentyof=much/manyalarge/greatnumberof=manyagreat/gooddealof=much8few,afew,little,alittlefew,little表示否定含义,“很少”“几乎没有”;afew,alittle表示肯定含义,有一些”few,afew用在可数名词前,little,alittle用在不可数名词前【冠词】
1.不定冠词an用在元音读音开头不是指元音字母的词前,其余用不定冠词a.2.定冠词的基本用法A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面B.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面C用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物3.定冠词的特殊用法A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前B.用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前C用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人F.用在乐器名称前G.和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物4.名词前不用冠词的情况A.在专有名词包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加theB.表示一类人或事物的复数名词前C.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词D.三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同sitattable就餐;sitatthetable坐在桌边gotoschool去上学;gototheschool去那所学校;inhospital住院;inthehospital在那个医院里【数词】1.数字的表示三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion2.序数词除了first,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加th构成3.分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1小时,分母序数词要变成复数4.Hundreds(thousands,millions)of……用法【形容词,副词】形容词
1.形容词的位置1形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后如somethingimportant,nothingserious2当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置如Wehavedugaholetwometersdeep.Theholeisabouttwometresdeep.2.形容词的比较等级1单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加—er,—est来构成比较级和最高级其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级如popular———morepopular———mostpopularimportant—moreimportant—mostimportant2不规则变化原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestwellbadworseworstilloldolderoldesteldereldestmanymoremostmuchlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest
3.形容词比较级的用法形容词比较级通常可分为原级、比较级、最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中它们分别以下列形式出现在句中1as+原级+as2比较级+than3the+最高级+ofin...需注意的原级的用法1否定结构有A..notas+形容词原级+asB及A...notso+形容词原级+asB两种结构2表示倍数有...timesas+形容词原级+as的句型如Thisgardenistentimesaslargeasthatone.Thisroomistwiceaslargeasthatone.3halfas+形容词原级+as表示“……的一半”如Thisbookishalfasthickasthatone.需注意的比较级的用法1than后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中工也可换成me2比较级前还可以用much,even,still,alittle来修饰3表示倍数时,试比较Ourroomistwiceaslargeastheirs.我们的房间是他们的两倍那样大Ourroomistwicelargerthantheirs.我们的房间比他们的大两倍4I’mtwoyearsolderthanyou.我比你大两岁5“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”如:Hebecomesfatterandfatter.6The+比较级…,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”如Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙就越高兴需注意的最高级的用法1常见结构有“of+复数意义的词”表示“在……之中的”,“在……中”;“in+范围、场所”表示“在……之中”如Heisthetallest“alltheboys”.Chinaisthegreatestintheworld.副词1.副词比较级的构成1单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加er,est来构成比较级和最高级2绝大多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级3少数副词的不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfarthestfurthestlatelaterlatest4副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the5常用句型有likeAbetterthanB和likeA(the)bestof(in)…其余变化和形容词类似2.常见副词用法1tooeither:too一般用于肯定句,常放在句末,否定句时用either2ago,before:ago以现在为起点,和动词的过去时连用before以过去某个时间为起点,常和过去完成时连用当before前没有“一段时间”而单独使用时,泛指“以前”,常和完成时连用如Ihaveheardthemanbefore我以前听说过那个人【介词】一些容易混淆的介词1.表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别at主要表示1在某具体时刻之前,如atseveno’clock,at7302在固定短语中,如atnoon,atnight,atthattime,attheageofattheweekend,atChristmasOn用来表示“在……天”,如OnMonday,OnMaylst,OnChildren’sDayin用来表示1在某年、某月、某季节2在—段时间之后,如intwohours,inafewdays注意在纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时,用inthemorning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on如onMondaymorning,onthemorningofChildren’sDay
2.表示地点的at,in,on的用法区别1at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方2at所指范围不太明确,in指“在……里”3in指在内部,on指“在……之上”3.表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别for后面接时间段,since之后接时间点4.表示时间的before与by的用法区别before与by都可表示“在……之前”,但by含有“不迟于……”、“到……为止”的意思如果by后是将来的时间,则与将来时连用,若by后是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用5.over与aboveunder与belowover,above都表示“在……的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”,over还可表示“越过……”over的反义词是under,above的反义词是below.例如ThereisabridgeovertheriverOurplaneflewabovetheclouds.6.表示“用”的with,by,in的用法with多指用工具,用身体的部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某种语言如Weseewithoureyes.Wegotherebybike.PleasesayitoutinEnglish.Hecutitopenwithaknife.介词的省略表示时间介词atonin的省略1在nextlastthisthesetodayyesterdaytomorrowoneeveryeachall等词前一般不用atinon.2在某些名词词组前可以省略也可不省如:onthatdayintheyearbeforelast常见搭配1.动词+介词,如listentolaughatwritetohearfromgettolookatshoutatshouttoknockatlookforlookataskforwaitforgetongettoputonturnonoperateontakeoffturnofflearnfromworryabout...2.形容词+介词,如afraidoffullofangrywithstrictwithbusywithgoodatgood/badforlateforsorryforreadyforfamousforpolitetofarfrom...3.名词+介词/介词+名词keytovisittoathomeinsurpriseafterclassforeverontimeatlastatfirstforexample...三.典型例题【名词】[例1]
(1)—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere—Notveryfar.Itsabouttwenty______walk.A.minutesB.minutes’C.minutesD.minute
(2)Itisabout______fromtheschooltomyhome.A.tenminuteswalkB.tenminutes’walkC.tenminutes’swalkD.tenminute’swalk分析上述两题考查名词所有格的构成及用法由句意可知空格处所填内容是表示距离的名词,选项中的名词minute和walk存在所有关系,因此必须用名词的所有格名词所有格的’s也可以加在一个短语之后,若该短语最后一个名词的词尾是s,则只加“’’如anhour’sridetwoweeks’time因而
(1)、
(2)小题答案均为B[例2]Haveyouseen______atthefootofthehillA.anysheepB.somesheepsC.anysheepsD.somesheep分析此题考查名词复数的特殊例子sheep的单复数同形;any一般用在疑问句和否定句里,some用在肯定句里答案为A[例3]—Whoisthemaninthebluecar—Heis______father.A.KatesandMarysB.KateandMarysC.KateandMaryD.ofKateandMary分析本题考查名词所有格的构成及方法两个并列的所有格,只给第二个名词加“’s”[例4](哈尔滨市,2003)WhereisTom?He’sleftasayingthathehassomethingimportanttodo.A.excuseB.messageC.exerciseD.news分析此题考查名词的用法,由a知道选项A、C、D不行,故选B答案选B解后反思anexcuse(一个借口),anexercise(一个练习)……,news(新闻)是不可数名词[例5](天津市,2003)HehadsomethingtowritedownandaskedmeforA.apaperB.somepapersC.somepiecesofpapersD.apieceofpaper分析此题考查不可数名词的用法Paper作“纸”讲时是不可数名词,故A、B、C可排除答案选D解后反思paper当“试卷”、“文件”讲时是可数名词类似的词还有fish,chicken等【代词】[例1]用所给词的适当形式填空1)Thisisn’t_______Ibookitmustbe_______you.2)IsthereanymilkinthebottleYesthereis______little.分析第1小题第一空要用形容词性物主代词my,用于修饰名词book,第二空则要用名词性物主代词yours,相当于yourbook第2小题应用alittle表示肯定“有一点儿”[例2]Therearemanytreeson________oftheroad.A.bothsideB.eachsidesC.bothsidesD.everyside分析此题主要考查不定代词botheach和every的用法both为“两者”(都)”,作定语时,其后接复数名词;作主语时,要用复数谓语动词either为“两者中间的任何一个(的)”,作定语时,后接单数可数名词;作主语时,要用单数谓语动词every意为“每个(的)”,作定语,只用于三者或三者以上又因马路road(rive,street等)只有两侧,所以正确答案只能是C[例3]1“Help______tosomemooncakes”HanMeimeisaidtothetwins.A.youB.oneselfC.yourselfD.yourselves2—Putonyourclotheswhenyougoout.—Thankyou.Mum.Icanlookafter______.A.meB.IC.ourselvesD.myself分析这是一组考查反身代词用法的试题反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语,不能单独使用、不能替代主格代词,但可用在主格代词后以加强语气还常用于某些短语中,如byoneself独自,enjoyoneself玩得愉快,teachoneself自学,helponeselfto…随便吃(用)……等因此上二题答案均为D[例4](广东省,2003)Thereiswithmycomputer.Itdoesn’twork.A.nothingwrongB.anythingwrongC.wrongsomethingD.somethingwrong分析本题考查形容词与不定代词的位置关系,形容词修饰不定代词应放在不定代词之后,而anything用于否定句和疑问句,由Itdoesn’twork知选D答案D解后反思考虑词的使用范围并结合语境是解决本题的关键【冠词】[例1]选择填空1)Giveme_______please.A.acupteaB.twocupofteaC.twocupD.twocupsoftea2)Theteacherpassedme_____paper.A.apieceB.apieceofC.pieceofD.apairof第1小题主要考查学生对可数名词与不可数名词的掌握情况,tea是不可数名词,不能用数量词直接修饰,但可以用容器表示量,表容器的名词可变为复数形式,即可以说twocupsoftea,此题选D第2小题答案选Bpaper一词是不可数的,要表示“一张纸”,英语应为apieceofpaper,不能说apaper[例2]_____deliciousfoodyouhavecooked!A.HowaB.HowC.WhataD.What分析不定冠词表示数量,类似“-”,修饰单数可数名词不可数名词前不可用a、an修饰在感叹句“Whata/an+adj.+n.+(主+谓)!”结构中,名词必是单数可数名词若是不可数名词应用“What+adj.+n.+(主+谓)!”结构句中food是不可数名词,故答案为D[例3]
(1)Wealwayshave______ricefor______lunch.A./;/B.the;/C./;aD.the;the
(2)It’shalfpastfourintheafternoon.Thestudentsareplaying_____basketballnow.A./B.anC.aD.the分析下列情况不用任何冠词1)专用名词(John、England)、物质名词(food,rice,water)等前;2)一日三餐的名词前;3)在表示球类运动的名词前因此第
(1)小题正确答案应为A;第
(2)小题答案为A[例4](天津市,2003)What’sthematterwithyou?IcaughtbadcoldandhadtostayinbedA.a/B.atheC.aaD.thethe分析本题考查冠词的用法和习惯表达躺在床上译为stayinbed,而感冒译为catchcold或catchacold,但cold有形容词修饰时则a不可省略答案选A【数词】[例1]1______booksmustheproducedforthechildren.A.ManythousandsB.ManythousandsofC.ManythousandofD.Manythousand2Weveplanted______treesinthecentreofourcitythisyear.A.hundredB.towhundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof分析本题考查数词的用法当thousand或hundred做数词时,前面一般加数来修饰,其本身没有数的变化,且后不跟of当它们做名词时,其复数形式为thousands和hundreds,且构成thousandsof和hundredsof,后接可数名词的复数形式答案分别为B、D[例2]About____oftheworkersintheclothesfactoryarewomen.A.thirdfifthsB.thirdfifthC.threefifthsD.threefifth分析此题主要考查英语的分数表示法分子用基数词,分母用序数词当分子大于1时,分母的序数词后需加“s”例如1/3onethird;2/3twothirds.通过分析A、B、D三项均错,答案为C[例3]Julyis________monthoftheyear.A.sevenB.theseventhC.eightD.theeighth序数词用来表示数目的顺序,七月份是一年中的第七个月,第七个月的正确表达为theseventhmonth,所以此题的正确答案为B[例4](重庆市,2003)Myfavouriteisgettingstamps.IneedbeforeIhave2500ones.A.moreoneB.anymoreC.onemoreD.morethan分析此题考查数词与more相结合的用法,数词+more表示还有(要)……,在此正好符合题意答案选C解后反思morethan是“多于”之意,anymore用于否定句表示“不再”【形容词、副词】[例1]Intheexamthe______youarethe______mistakesyoullmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;lessC.morecareful;fewD.morecareful;fewer分析“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”这个句型结构的意思是“越……就越……”或“愈是……则愈是……”此结构中的比较级可以是形容词,也可以是副词答案D[例2]I’mnotsurewhetherMarycansing________Mabel.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.sogoodasD.asbetteras分析此题考查了两个知识点
(1)副词和形容词用法的区别
(2)as…as句式句中谓语动词是行为动词,应选副词B、C项应排除.as…as中间应用副词或形容词原级,所以答案应为A[例3]Let’shopethethingscanget______.A.betterandbetterB.wellandwellC.goodandgoodD.bestandbest分析答案为A两个比较级并列在一起,表示“越来越……”之意,此句主要考查比较级特殊句型“moreandmore”结构,该句式表示持续不断变化,其动词常是becomebegetgrew等,又如Springhascome.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.[例4](甘肃省,2003)IamIwantapieceofbreadA.fullB.hungryC.tiredD.thirsty分析此题在语境中考查形容词的用法由后句意“我要一块面包”说名与“饿”有关,故选B答案选B[例5](天津市,2003)Inourcity,it’sinJulynutitiseveninAugust.A.hotterhottestB.hothotC.hotterhotD.hothotter分析此题考查形容词及比较级的用法前空应填原级,后空有even修饰要用比较级,故选D答案选D解后反思如下几个形容词的比较级和最高级要双写最后的辅音字母再加er或estbigbiggerbiggest,hothotterhottest,fatfatterfattest,thinthinnerthinnest,wetwetterwettest简记为大(big),热(hot),湿纸(wet),谁(肥,fat)瘦(thin)?(利用谐音记)[例6](山西省太原市,2002)Thelittlegirllikesanimals.WhensheheardIwouldtakehertothezooshelookedatme.A.happyB.happilyC.angryD.angrily分析由句意知C、D可以排除,又此句中lookat是行为动词而不是连系动词,故选B答案B解后反思形容词和副词都具有修饰作用,但是各自修饰的对象不同,形容词修饰名词,作定语,或在连系动词后作表语而副词修饰行为动词,形容词或副词作状语【介词】[例1]用正确的介词填空1)Thelittlegirlislooking________hermother.2)Thankyou________yourhelp.3)Dontread________bed.4)Tomcomes________theUSA.第1小题要填for,因为lookfor是一个固定词组,表示寻找的行为第2小题填for,既可说Thanksfor…也可以说Thankyoufor…,for后接名词第3小题填in表示“在床上”inbed,一般不说onbed第4小题comefrom一个固定短语,意思相当于befrom,表示“来自…”[例2]Chinalies_______theeastofAsiaand______theeastofJapan.A.in;onB.to;toC.to;inD.in;to解析表示方位的介词inonto意义各不相同在范围内的地方用inChina属于Asia范围内,故先用in;不在范围内的地方用to,若两地相连,则要用介词onChina和Japan不属同一范围且有海相隔,故选择to因此答案为D四.强化训练及答案【名词】选择正确答案
1.Thereareforty______inourschool.A.womenteachersB.teacherwomenC.womanteachersD.womenteacher
2.Mr.Liisoneof______inthehospital.A.mostpopulardoctorsB.themostpopulardoctorsC.mostpopulardoctorD.themostpopulardoctor
3.ThesignNOPHOTOSmeansthatyoucant______.A.takepicturesB.bringinpicturesC.buyanyphotosD.sellanyphotos
4.Someoftheboysin______areafraidofmathsexams.A.ClassThreeB.theClassThreeC.ThreeClassD.theThreeClass
5.Haveyougotany______forusthistimeA.piecesofmessageB.pieceofmessagesC.piecesofmessagesD.messages
6.______thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.InafewyearstimeB.AfterafewyearstimeC.Inafewyears’timeD.Afterafewyearstime
7.HongKongisanSARwhileMacaoisanother.Sothereare______inChina.A.bothSARB.bothSARSC.twoSARD.twoSARS
8.Look!Thereare______starsupthereinthe______.A.thousandsof;skyB.thousandsof;airC.thousandof;skyD.thousandof;air
9.Myfatherlivedin______forsometenyears.A.cityBeijingB.theBeijingcityC.BeijingofcityD.thecityofBeijing
10.Justfromthe______IknowitsLiuMinjun.A.noiseB.voiceC.soundD.sing
11.—Wherearetheothertwostudents—Theyrein______.A.teachersofficeB.teachersofficeC.theteacherofficeD.theteachersoffice
12.—Howmany______haveyounextterm—Letmesee.Wellhaveeight.A.lessonB.subjectsC.daysD.class
13.MyunclesfullnameisDavidEdwardHartpode.Hisfamilynameis______.A.EdwardB.HartpodeC.DavidD.DavidHartpode
14.Hewritesmorecarefullythan______inhisclass.A.anystudentB.anyotherstudentC.anyotherstudentsD.allstudents
15.Thisnewkind______candohalfthework.A.oftractorB.tractorC.ofatractorD.atractor
16.Johnisveryhappytohavea______training.A.twoweeksB.twomonthC.twoweeksD.twomonths
17.Mybrotherisalwayscareless.Healwaysmakes____A.mistakesB.mistakeC.mistookD.somemistake
18.Mr.Greenisnearly______.A.twometreshighB.twometrestallC.hightwometresD.talltwometres
19.Mr.Smithisan______.A.EnglishB.EnglishmanC.EnglishmanD.Englishmen
20.Agroupof______aretalkingwithtwo______.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;FrenchmenDGermans;Frenchmans【代词】单项选择
1.______thetwinsenjoyed______atthepartyyesterday.A.Both;themB.Both;themselvesC.Neither;themD.All;themselves
2.—Whichdoyoupreferabottleoforangeoracupoftea—______thanks.Idlikejustacupofwater.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None
3.—Wouldyoulike______milkinyourtea—Yesjust______.A.any;littleB.some;alittleC.much;afewD.alittle;some
4.Thereis______todothisevening.A.muchnothingB.manynothingC.nothingmuchD.nothingmany
5.Thetwofriendsweresopleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforget______.A.anythingelseB.somethingelseC.nothingelseD.everythingelse
6.—Isthisyourshoe—Yesitis.Butwhereis______A.theothersB.anotherC.otheroneD.theotherone
7.WhatIwanttosayis______Englishisaveryusefullanguage.A.itB.thisC.thatD.those
8.TheyhaveanEnglishlesson______dayMondayWednesdayandFriday.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.someothersD.anothermore
9.Wefound______veryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell.A.thisB.thatC.itD.its
10.—______isLilylike—OhshestallandthinA.HowB.WhoC.WhichD.What
11.—Wouldyoulikemilkororange—_______Ipreferwater.A.EachB.NeitherC.EitherD.Both
12.—Ohthereissomeoneintheroom.—______mustbemymother.A.ThereB.SheC.ThisD.It
13.BettyandJohnhavecomebackbut_______studentsintheclassarenthereyet.A.theotherB.othersC.anotherD.theothers
14.______ofushasreadthestory.A.SomeB.BothC.AllD.None
15.—Whichofherparentsisadoctor—________.A.AnyB.EitherC.BothD.All
16.Ihaveboughtanewwatchbecausemyold______doesntwork.A.itB.oneC.thatD.this
17.—Isthisdictionary_______or_______—Itsmine.A.your;hersB.your;herC.your;herD.yours;hers
18.Thereis______waterinmyglass.Willyoupleasegiveme______.A.little;someB.few;anyC.few;someD.little;any
19.—______pencilboxisthisPatrick—It’s______A.Whose;mineB.Who’s;mineC.Whose;myD.Who’s;my
20.—Thepenis_______.Shewrote_______namewithit_______.A.hers;her;herselfB.her;hers;herC.her;hers;herselfD.her;herself;hers【冠词】用适当的冠词填空,不需要冠词的空白处填“×”
1.Tomorrowis______TeachersDayandwellmake______cardforourEnglishteacher.
2.Thebusisrunningaboutseventymiles_____hour.
3.Maryisinterestedin______science.
4.Somepeopledontliketotalkat______table.
5.LastnightIwentto______bedverylate.
6.Dontworry.Westillhave______littletimeleft.
7.What______beautifulday!Andwhat______fineweather!
8.In______winteritiscoldin______Beijingandwarmin________Shanghai.
9.Johnis______cleverestboyinhisclass.
10.Wecantlivewithout______wateror______air.
11.TomorrowMr.SmithwillleaveParis______capitalof______FranceforWashingtonby______air.
12.Wewerehaving______lunchwhentheycamein.
13.Thisis______bookyougavemelastweek.
14.Whatdidyoudo______lastSaturday
15.March8is______WomensDay.
16.If______weatherisfinetomorrowwewillgotothepark.
17.Ipreferplaying______pianotoplaying______basketball.
18.At______ageoffivehereadalotofbooks.
19.TomandLucyareof______sameage.
20.______harderwestudy______morewelearn.【数词】选择填空l.Septemberisthe________monthoftheyear.A.eighthB.ninthC.tenthD.eleventh
2.ThePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded________A.onOctoberthefirst1949B.inOctoberthefirst1949C.onOctoberone1949D.onOctoberfirstone
19493.Thereare________daysinayear.A.threehundredsandsixtyfiveB.threehundredsandfiftysixC.threehundredsofsixtyfiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive
4.Thereare________daysinFebruary.A.thirtyB.thirtyoneC.twentyeightD.twentysix
5.Thefilmbeginsat4:
15.Therightanswerof“4:15”is_______A.fourfifthB.fifteenfourC.fourfifteenD.aquartertofour
6.________isseventyseven.A.fortyandfourB.thirtysevenandfortyC.fortyorthirtysevenD.seventyofseven
7.WhatrowareyouinIamin________.A.RowOneB.RowFirstC.RowoneD.OneRow
8.HowmanymonthsarethereinayearThereare_______A.elevenB.twelveC.twentyD.twelfth
9.Attheageof________hewasaworker.A.twentyB.thetwentyC.twentiethD.one
10.TheChangjiangRiveris________longestriverinChina.A.thefirstB.thesecondC.thethirdD.thefourth【形容词、副词】根据A句完成B句,使两句句意一致
1.A:Theirfootballteamismuchstrongerthantheothertwo.B:Theirfootballteamis____________ofthe_____.
2.A:Iprefersciencetoanyothersubject.B:Ilikescience__________anyothersubject.
3.A:JanewentshoppingyesterdayandIwentshoppingtoo.B:Janewentshoppingyesterdayand___________I.
4.A:Thisroomisnotbig.Itcantholdalotofpeople.B:Thisroomisnotbig___________holdsomanypeople.
5.A:Thatmachinedoesntwork.B:Thereis____________withthatmachine.
6.A:Thesnowwasveryheavylastnight.B:It___________lastnight.
7.A:Hisunclenolongerworkshere.B:Hisuncle_____workhere______longer.
8.A:Thisisthemostimportantthingatthismoment.B:Thisthingis_____importantthananything______atthismoment.
9.A:Hewassoangrythathecouldnt.sayaword.B:Hewas______angry_______sayaword.
10.A:ZhangTaospeaksEnglishbetterthananyotherstudentinhisclass.B:______speaksEnglishso_____asZhangTao.【介词】用适当的介词填空
1.Youdbetternotgo______theforest.Itsdangerous.
2.Whichroomareyougoingtolive______
3.Thebuildingis______fire.Thereresomepeople______thetopfloor.
4.Before1990therewasnoairline______thetwocities.
5.Itsnotgoodtocomelate______school.
6.Whatswrong______yourbike
7.Thankyouverymuch______comingtoseeme.
8.Icouldntfinishit______yourhelp.
9.Dontlaugh______others’mistakes.
10.Dothetwinslook______theirfather
11.—Howdoyouusuallycometoschooleveryday—Sometimes______bikesometimes______foot.
12.Itsverykind______youtohelpme______mymaths.
13.Dontread______thesun.Itsbad______youreyes.
14.Theteachertoldusthemoontravels______theearth.
15.Youmustlearnthesewords______heartandanswermyquestion______English.
16.Pleasemeetyouruncle______noon______Saturday.
17.Thanks______yourhelpIfinishedtheworkbeforedark.
18.Itscoldandthetemperatureis______zeroduringthenight.
19.Theteacheriswriting______redink______apieceofpaper.
20.Thechildrenarewaiting______thegate______theirmother.名词答案
1.A
2.B
3.A
4.A
5.D
6.C
7.D
8.A
9.D
10.B
11.B
12.B
13.B
14.B
15.A
16.B
17.A
18.B
19.C
20.A代词答案
1.B
2.B
3.B
4.C
5.D
6.D
7.B
8.B
9.C
10.D
11.B
12.D
13.A
14.D
15.C
16.B
17.D
18.A
19.A
20.A冠词答案
1.×;a
2.an
3.×
4.×
5.×
6.a
7.a;×
8.×;×;×
9.the
10.×;×
11.the;×;×
12.×
13.the
14.×
15.×
16.the
17.the;×
18.the
19.the
20.The;the数词答案15BADCC610BABAA形容词、副词答案
1.thestrongest;three
2.better;than
3.sodid
4.enoughto
5.somethingwrong
6.snowedheavily
7.doesnt;any
8.more;else
9.too;to
10.Nobody;well介词答案
1.through
2.in
3.onon
4.between
5.to
6.with
7.for
8.without
9.at
10.like
11.by;on
12.of;with
13.in;for
14.around/round
15.by;in
16.at;on
17.to
18.below
19.in;on
20.at;for第二部分复合句宾语从句
一、教学目标
1.掌握宾语从句的构成和用法.
2.正确运用宾语从句:重点掌握注意宾语从句的三类引导词从句的语序及主从句的时态呼应关系不能忽视宾语从句的一些特殊情况.
二、教学重点目标1和目标2
三、教学难点目标2
四、教学过程Step
1、Warming-upTask:DoyouknowthisteacherpointtoateacherSs:Tsay:Iknowtheteacher.Iknowsheisaverygoodteacher.Task:IssheabeautifulgirlpointtoagirlSs:Tsay:Ithinksheisbeautiful.TaskS1:HowoldareyouS1:Iam...ThenaskSs:WhatdidshesayjustnowSs:Shesaidthatshewas...板书Iknowtheteacher.Iknowsheisaverygoodteacher.Ithinksheisbeautiful.Shesaidshewas..叫学生划分这些句子的成分引导学生明确理解宾从的概念Step
2、练习、归纳、总结
1、让学生把第一题A的各组句子合并成一个宾语从句并观察合并后的每个句子的结构注意引导词和语序
2、Checktheanswers.
1、ShesaysthatshelikesEnglish.
2、Doyouknowwhathernameis
3、Canyoutellmeif/whetherhegoesfishingeveryday引导学生归纳三种宾从的构成注意看连接词和语序
3、让学生再做的三组句子叫学生要特别留意这些句子的时态.
4、Checktheanswers.
1.Wedon’tknowwhattheyaredoing.
2.Theteacheraskedmeif/whethertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.
3.Fathertoldmethattheearthgoesroundthesun.引导学生归纳主、从句时态的呼应关系Step3中考考点练习
1、让学生做近两年部分地区中考中出现的有关宾语从句的单项填空题对宾语从句进一步巩固.
2、对答案师生一起分析点评注意一些特殊的地方.Step4完成句子.
1、让学生完成有关宾从的几道翻译题对宾语从句进行灵活运用.
2、对答案师生一起分析点评.宾语从句专练一.合并句子A.
1.Shesays.“IlikeEnglish.”
2.DoyouknowWhatishername
3.CanyoutellmeDoeshegofishingeverydayB.
1.Wedon’tknow.Whataretheydoing
2.Theteacheraskedme.Havetheyfinishedtheirhomework
3.Fathertoldme.Theearthgoesroundthesun.定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句一.词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 例1ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon. 例2ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy. 例3Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold. 例4ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.2.关系代词的用法 1如果先行词是allmuchanythingsomethingnothingeverythinglittlenone等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which例如 Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears. 2如果先等词被形容词最高级以及firstlastanyonlyfewmushnosomevery等词修饰,关系代词常用that不用whichwho,或whom例如 3非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略例如 Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelectionmostofwhom、arewelleducated. 4which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似,并可以指人例如 Hesucceededinthecompetitionwhichmadehisparentsveryhappy. 5that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中 6which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品性或才能的人Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的 7如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who 8先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that例如 Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely. 9如果先行词是anyoneanybodyeveryoneeverybodysomeonesomebody关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which例如 Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构 1“介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是inonaboutfromforwithtoatofwithout等,关系代词只可用whom或which不可用that 2fromwhere为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句例如 Westoodatthetopofthehillfromwherewecanseethetown.. 3像listentolookatdependonpayattentiontotakecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开例如 Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.二.关系副词引导的定语从句 1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语
2.that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因 That有时可以代替关系副词whenwhere或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1.二者差异比较 限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导 2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据 1弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离例如 1ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout.. 2Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited四.As在定语从句中的用法
1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1)as多与such或thesame连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词 (2)as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which例如Theelephant’snoseislikeasnakeasanybodycansee. (3)thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的 2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后例如 1AsisexpectedtheEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch. 2Theearthrunsaroundthesunasisknownbyeveryone.五.学习定语从句的几个问题 定语从句又称为关系从句,是最常见的从句之一,每年高考题对之均有考查
一、定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性 定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致例如 ThestudentswhowereherejustnowarefromNo2SeniorMiddleSchool. 但注意下列一组句子 Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasherejustnow. Heisoneofthestudentswhowereherejustnow. 如果oneof+复数名词后跟有定语从句,一般情况下oneof后的复数名词为先行词,但当one前有theonlytheveryjustthe修饰时,先行词则为one
二、定语从句与强调结构 Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore. Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore. 第一个句子为定语从句,where指代theplace在定语从句中作状语,第二个句子为强调结构,强调intheplacethat没有意义,把intheplace放回后面句子,句子意思完整 Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch强调句型,强调疑问副词where Whereisthewatchthathefoundyesterday.定语从句,that指代thewatch
三、定语从句与并列结构 Hehastwosonsneitherofwhomlookslikehim. Hehastwosonsandneitherofthemlookslikehim. Ivegottwosisters.BothofthemareinShanghai. 第一个句子为定语从句,关系代词whom指代twosons在定语从名中介词of的宾语第二个句子为并列结构,由并列连词and连接,人称代词them指代twosons第三个为两个独立的句子,两个句子中间用句号,两句开头的处一个字母都大写
四、定语从句与状语从句 Hefoundthebookswherehehadput. Hefoundthebooksintheplacewherehehadput. 第一个句子为状语从句,wherehehadput作主句Hefoundthebooks的地点状语第二个句子为定语从句,where引导从句修饰theplace ThisissuchaninterestingbookthatIdliketoreadit. ThisissuchaninterestingbookasIdliketoread. 第一个句子为结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中,it指代book作read的宾语第二个句子为定语从句,关系代词as指代先行词book的定语从句中read的宾语
五、定语从句中的先行词 Isthisbooktheonethatyouboughtyesterday Isthisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday 第一个句子中,thisbook是主句的主语,theone是先行词在第二个句子中this是主句的主语,thebook是先行词一定要避免出现Isthisbookthatyouboughtyesterday
六、定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用,而同位语从句则相当于名词,它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释,即说明该词所表示的具体内容例如 Thenewsthatweheardisnottrue.定语从句 Thenewsthathewontheprizeisnottrue.同位语从句 另在havenoidea+从句结构中,其从句都作idea的同位语例如 Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.
六、定语从句易犯小错误 由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂,初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误,最常见的有如下七种
一、在定语从句中加了多余的定语如 1.误SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome. 正SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome. 译我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来 析应删去them,因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom,who或that 2.误Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary. 正Thebookthatyouneedisinthelibrary. 译你需要的书在图书馆里 析应删去it,因为从句的宾语是关系代词that
二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错如 1.误Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished. 正Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished. 译任何违犯法律的人将被处罚 析应改break为breaks,因为who指anyone,是单数 2.误Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome. 正Thosewhohavefinishedmaygohome. 译做完了的人现在可以回家 析应改has为have,因为who指those,是复数 3.误HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool. 正HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool. 译他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人 析应改know为knows,因为one前有theonly之类限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是theonlyone,是单数,而不是复数名词theteachers 4.误Thisisoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow. 正Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow. 译这是目前空着的房间之一 析应改is为are,因为one前没有theonly之类的限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数therooms,而不是单数one
三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词如 1.误Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth. 正Childrenwhothateatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth. 译吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好 析应加上关系代词who或that,因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略 2.误Thekeyopensthebikeismissing. 正Thekeythat/whichopensthebikeismissing. 译开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了 析应加上关系代词that或which,因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略
四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词如 1.误Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing. 正Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing. 或Thehousehelivesinneedsrepairing. 译他住的房子需要修理 析应保留where,删去从句中的in,因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语,in属多余或删去关系副词where,因为where在这里的意思是inwhich,否则介词in就重复了 2.误IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing. 正IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing. 或IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing. 译我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景 析应删去on,因为when在这里的意思是onwhich,否则介词on就重复了,或把when改为which
五、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词 1.误Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether. 正Istillrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogether. 译我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子 析应改when为that或which,因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词,其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语 2.误Thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear. 正Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear. 译这是我们去年住过的那个房子 析应改where为which或that,因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in,其后少介词宾语,而不是地点状语
六、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why如 1.误Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence? 正Haveyouaskedherforthereasonthat/whichmayexplainherabsence? 译你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因? 析应改why为that或which,因为定语从句缺少主语,而不是少原因状语 2.误Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate. 正Idon’tbelievethereasonthat/whichhehasgivenforhisbeinglate. 译我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因 析应改why为that或which,因为从句谓语动词hasgiven后缺少宾语,而不是缺少原因状语
七、误将强调句型当定语从句如 1.误Itwasinthekitchenwherethefirebrokeout. 正Itwasinthekitchenthatthefirebrokeout. 译大火发生在厨房 析应将where改that,因为原句还原为Thefirebrokeoutinthekitchen后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型,而非定语从句 2.误Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnightwhenyoudidn’tcome? 正Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnightthatyoudidn’tcome? 译你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来? 析应将when改为that,因为,原句还原为Becauseitsnowedlastnight,youdidntcome后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型而非定语从句七.定语从句的注意事项
1.一般说来,除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外,先行词前应有定冠词the
2.在限制性定语从句中whichwhomthat充当宾语时,可以省略而在非限制性定语从句中whomwhowhich不能省略
3.在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应该用逗号隔开
4.定语从句与同位语从句的区别首先看引导从句的关系词that是否在从句中充当句子成分如果在从句中充当主、宾、表,则是定语从句再看that前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词,如ideafactthoughtnews等后面的从句是说明其内容的,(这个名词在后面的从句中部充当任何成分),这个从句则是同位语从句Heexpressedthehopethathehashadformanyyears. hope在从句中不充当句子成分,又加上后面从句是说明hope的内容的,因此时同位语从句
5.thereasonwhy=forwhich是由why或forwhich引导的定语从句而thereasonthat也是that引导的定语从句that往往省略 Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate. =Thisisthereasonthathewaslate.
6.当主句中有whowhich时,而定语从句中也要用到who或which时,为了避免who…whowhich…which等重叠,定语从句用that引导 Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk
7.先行词为人和物作并列成分时,定语从句用that引导 Johnandhisdogthatwerehereamomentagodisappearnow.
8.不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时,用that引导定语从句,而that通常省掉 Heisnolongerthemanthathewas.
9.“oneof+可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中谓语动词应用复数;而“oneof+可数名词复数”前有the,only或theonly修饰,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数 Heisoneofthestudentswhostudyveryhardatschool. Heistheonly/theonlyoneofthestudentswhostudiesveryhardatschool.状语从句【考点直击】
1.时间状语从句
2.条件状语从句
3.原因状语从句
4.结果状语从句
5.比较状语从句
6.目的状语从句
7.让步状语从句
8.地点状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句
1.时间状语从句1时间状语从句常用whenaswhilebeforeaftersincetilluntilassoonas等连词来引导例如Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomeworkthetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelakehesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschoolhewenttoworkinafactory.2在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态例如I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.3在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”“在……以前不……”谓语动词可用瞬间动词例如Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Let’swaituntiltherainstops.Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.
2.条件状语从句1条件状语从句通常由ifunless引导例如WhatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrowDon’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.2在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态例如I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon’tbelateunlessheisill.3“祈使句+andor+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句例如Hurryuporyou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryupyou’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhardyouwillpasstheexam.
3.原因状语从句1原因状语从句通常由becausesinceas引导例如Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisrainingweshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestionI’llasksomeoneelse.2because表示直接原因,语气最强Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后回答由why提出的问题,只能用becauseAs和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首例如------Whyaren’tgoingthere------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocarhecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoneywecan’tbuyit.3because和so不能同用在一个句子里
4.结果状语从句1结果状语从句由so…thatsuch…thatsothat引导例如Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.MypencilfellunderthedesksothatIcouldn’tseeit.2so…that语such...that可以互换例如在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用其结构是:“...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”例如Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an例如Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的例如Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.3如果名词前由manymuchlittlefew等词修饰时,只能用so不用such例如Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.
5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as比较级+than…等连词引导例如TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.
6.目的状语从句1目的状语从句通常由sothatinorderthat引导例如Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.2sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句区别这两种从句的办法有两个1目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词cancouldmaymight等2从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确例如Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.目的状语从句Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.结果状语从句
7.让步状语从句1让步状语从句通常由althoughthough等连词引导例如Thoughheisyoungheknowsalot.AlthoughIamtiredImustgoonworking.2althoughthough不能用在同一个句子中例如我们不能说Thoughitwasraininghardbuthestillwentout.应该说Thoughitwasraininghardhestillwentout.或Itwasraininghardbuthestillwentout.
8.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导例如Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawillthereisaway.【实例解析】
1.2004年北京市海淀区中考试题Youwillstayhealthy_______youdomoreexercisesuchasrunningandwalking.A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where答案A该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择从意思上看,从句应是一个条件状语从句,在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句,所以选A
2.2004年江西省中考试题---Shallwegoonworking---Yes_________Iprefertohavearest.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though答案D该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择从意思上看,只有选though才能说得通
3.2004年徐州市中考试题Noneofusknewwhathadhappened_________theytoldusaboutit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though答案B该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事”要表达着一意思应用“not…until”这一句型
4.2004年泉州市中考试题---Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourtripdear!---Thankyoumum.I’llgiveyouacall_________Igetthere.A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till答案B该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择本题的意思是“一到那里,我就给你打电话”要表达这个意思应选用assoonas【中考演练】一.单项填空
1._______he’soldhecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So
2.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe
3.Inthezooifachild_____intothewaterandcan’tswimthedolphinsmaycomeup______him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping
4.Idon’tremember________heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who
5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt________tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming
6.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_______crossthestreet________thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after
7.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_______therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because
8.I’llgoswimmingwithyouifI________freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was
9.Intheexamthe________youare______the_______mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less
10.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_______yougoouttopaly.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while
11.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless
12.Whenyoureadthebookyou’dbettermakeamark_______youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though
13.Theteacherraisedhisvoice_______allthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder
14.Hetookoffhiscoat_______hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since
15.Itis______thatwe’dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday
16.Maryhad______muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very
17._______IfeltverytiredItriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif
18.______thedaywentontheweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As
19.______wellyoucandriveyoumustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Themoment
20.Writetomeassoonasyou________toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子
1.不管他跟我开什麽玩笑,我都不生气Iamnotangrywithhim____________________jokeshe______onme.
2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切,以至于学生把她当做母亲MrsBrucewas_______kindtoherstudents______they______her_____theirmother.
3.只要我们竭尽全力,父母就会满意我们的表现Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance________________wetryourbest.
4.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗?Willyoupleasecallme__________________yougettoShanghai.
5.这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴,以至于他已经坚持练习两年了Theseven-year-oldgirllikesplayingthepiano__________________shehaskeptpracticingfortwoyears.
6.虽然她很忙,他还坚持自学英语___________________________shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.
7.他长大后相当一名记者Hewantstobeajournalist___________________________.
8.无论刮风下雨,我们的老师总是第一个到校______________windyorrainyourteacherisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool.
9.如果人人为保护环境做出贡献,世界将会变得更美好______________________________toprotectingtheenvironmenttheworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.
10.李明昨天没来上学,因为他病了LiMingdidn’tcometoschool__________________________.【练习答案】一.
1.A
2.C
3.B
4.C
5.A
6.C
7.D
8.C
9.C
10.A
11.B
12.C
13.B
14.A
15.C
16.B
17.A
18.D
19.C
20.B二.
1.nomatterwhat;plays
2.so;that;regarded;as
3.aslongas
4.aslongas
5.somuchthat
6.Thoughshewasbusy
7.whenhegrowsup
8.Whetherit’s
9.Ifeveryonemakesacontribution
10.becausehewasill。