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句子成分和简单句的基本句型预学案
1.句子成分句子成分是指构成句子的各个组成部分,即词和词组在句子中的各种语法意义句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语另外,一些句子还有一些其他的成分,如同位语、呼语、插入语等主语(subject):主语是指句子谈论的主题,说明的人或事物也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体主语可以用下面这些来表示
1.名词;
2.代词;
3.数词;
4.动名词;
5.不定式;
6.从句;
7.名词化的形容词下列句子的主语由什么来表示Thesunrisesintheeast.()Helikesdancing.()Twentyisenough.Seeingisbelieving.()Toseeistobelieve.()Theoldshouldbewellrespected.()Thathewillcomeheretomorrowiscertain.()谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征通常由动词的各种形式来充当并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
1.简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成IsawtheflagonthetopofthehillHelookedaftertwoorphans.
2.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Idontlikethepictureonthewall.
3.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的Thegirlfeltcold.Heisateacher.表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征常见的系动词大致可分为三类•第一类表示特征或状态的,有be,look,feel,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,turnout(结果是、证明是)等•第二类表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化,有become,get,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等•第三类表示保持状态的,有keep,remain,continue,stay等注意系动词不用于被动语态.e.g.Theappletastessweet.下列句子的表语分别由什么来表示Heisateacher.()Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.()Fiveandfiveisten.()Heisasleep.()Hisfatherisin.()Thepictureisonthewall.Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.()Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoorIcan’tbuyaring.()Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.()Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.宾语(object)表示动作、行为的对象,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,分为直接宾语和间接宾语两种宾语可以用下面这些来表示
1.名词;
2.代词;
3.数词;
4.动名词;
5.不定式;
6.从句;
7.名词化的形容词及其他词类----Howmanydoyouwant----Weneedtwo.(数词)Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid(从句)(从句)Remembertoclosethewindow.(不定式)1)动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.()Hehatesyou.()Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.()Ihopetoseeyouagain.()Didyouwritedownwhathesaid()2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnowtherearemanyrocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Offerthepoormansomemoney.补语complement补语用于补充说明其他的句子成分,有主语补语与宾语补语主语补语可以用下面这些来表示
1.形容词
2.名词
3.动词不定式
4.分词宾语补语可以用下面这些来表示
1.名词
2.形容词
3.动词分词
4.动词不定式
5.介词短语或副词宾补对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语Weelectedhimmonitor.()Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.()Wewillmakethemhappy.()Wefoundnobodyin.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.)Don’tlethimdothat.()Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.()Don’tkeepthelightsburning.()I’llhavemybikerepaired.()主动语态变成被动语态后宾语补足语变成主补主补对主语的补充Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Hediedyoung.ShewascalledLucy.Hewasseentogoupstairs.定语attributive用于限定名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、特征、所属定语一般位于所限定的词之前,其数和格必须与被限定的词相一致定语可以用下面这些来表示
1.形容词;
2.代词;
3.数词;
4.名词或名词所有格;
5.分词;
6.不定式;
7.介词短语;
8.副词;
9.词组或合成词;
10.从句下列句子的定语分别由什么来表示Mr.Zhangisachemistryteacher.()Heisourfriend.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.()Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.()Hisspokenlanguageisgood.()Ihaveanideatodoitwell.()Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow()状语adverbial用来修饰v.adj.adv.or句子表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步状语可以用下面这些来表示
1.副词;
2.介词短语;
3.不定式;
4.分词;
5.形容词;
6.词组;
7.复合结构;
8.从句下列句子的状语分别由什么来表示Hediditcarefully. IwasbornonJune9th1995inGuangxi.( )Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.( )Hegoestoschoolbybike.( )InordertocatchupwithmyclassmatesImuststudyhard.( )Hisparentsdiedleavinghimanorphan.( )Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.( )Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.( )Ifyoustudyhardyouwillpasstheexam.( )Thoughheisyounghecandoitwell. ( )Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.( )同位语(apposition)同位语是在名词或代词之后并列的名词或代词,指同一个事物,作为同一个句子成分如Westudentsshouldstudyhard./students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)Weallarestudents./all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)独立成分感叹词、应答词、呼语、插入语等,在句中可作独立成分,用逗号与其他成分隔开可以用下面这些来表示
1.感叹词
2.呼语
3.插入语Ohmygod!(感叹词)ComeinMrGreen..ThisIthinkisthebestwaytohelpthem.
2.简单句的基本句型(详见衔接教材61-62页)简单句的五个基本句型主语+谓语(不及物动词) Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+表语 Sheishappy.主语+谓语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 ShegaveJohnabook.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语 Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.(There+be句型 Thereisabookonthedesk.)Exercises
1.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress
17.Hesattherereadinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
2.单项选择
1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.A.andB.orC.ifD.so
2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate____A.hasn’theB.isn’theC.isn’titD.hasn’tit
3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan
4.Letuspass____A.shan’tweB.shallweC.won’tweD.willyou
5.Isupposehe’sserious____A.doIB.don’tIC.isheD.isn’the
6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere____A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou
7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or
8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.because
9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtestand____.A.Henryhasn’ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry
10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing____othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.so
11.----Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome----I’dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so
12.----“____isthetemperaturetoday”----“It’s38degrees.”A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh
13.----Youruncleisn’tanengineerishe----____.A.Yesheisn’tB.Noheisn’tC.NoheisD.Heis
14.____friendly____toeveryone!A.HowissheB.WhatissheC.HowsheisD.Whatsheis
15.Marywenttobedearly____shefeltverytired.A.orB.soC.forD.yet
16.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made
17.Helayinbed____readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.A.butB.andC.orD.yet
18.----I’dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.----____whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme
19.Asheisstrong____canliftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he
20.----Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.----Ihad____I’velostit.A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so
21.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn
22.----Idon’tlikechicken____fish.----Idon’tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.A.andandB.andbutC.orandD.orbut
23.----Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight----I’dliketo____I’mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but
24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightawayA.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise
25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived
26.“Can’tyouread”Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed
27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter____infactIwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while
28.____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave
29.----Aliceyoufeedthebirdtoday____----ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didn’tyouD.don’tyou
30.____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch
31.Excusemeforbreakingin_____Ihavesomegoodnewsforyou.A.soB.andC.butD.yet
32.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut______willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which
33.Youhadoneofyourteethpulledoutyesterday_______A.hadyouB.hadntyouC.didyouD.didntyou
34.______someofthisjuice--perhapsyoulllikeit.A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havetried
35.Onemoreweek_________wewillaccomplishthetask.A.orB.sothatC.andD.if
36.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture_____A.didnttheyB.donttheyC.mustnttheyD.haventthey
37.Besuretowritetous______A.willyouB.arentyouC.canyouD.mustntyou
38.______fromBeijingtoLondon!A.HowlongwayitisB.WhatalongwayisitC.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis
39.Don’tsmokeinthemeeting-room________A.doyouB.willyouC.canyouD.couldyou
40.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingTVisillegal______A.isn’titB.isitC.isn’theD.ishe
41.ThereareeighttipsinDrRoger’slectureonsleepandoneofthemis:______tobedearlyunlessyouthinkitisnecessary.A.doesn’tgoB.nottogoC.notgoingD.don’tgo
42.________straightonandyou’llseeachurch.Youwon’tmissit.A.GoB.GoingC.IfyougoD.Whengoing1~5ACADD6~10BCBDC11~15ADBCC16~20ABADB21~25DDDCD26~30ADDBD31-35CBDBC36-40DADBA41-42DA。