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中考英语语法大全--虚拟语气虚拟语气1概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反2在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气
16.1真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思 时态关系 句型条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形 Ifhecomeshewillbringhisviolin.典型例题 Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___. A.willrain B.rains C.rained D.israined答案B真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时注意 1在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shallwill.错Ifyouleavenowyouarenevergoingtoregretit.对Ifyouleavenowyouwillneverregretit. 2表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shallwill+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式
16.2非真实条件句 1时态可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况它的基本特点是时态退后 a.同现在事实相反的假设 句型条件从句 主句 一般过去时 shouldwould+动词原形Iftheywereheretheywouldhelpyou.. 表示于过去事实相反的假设 句型条件从句 主句 过去完成时 shouldwouldhave+过去分词 Ifshehadworkedhardershewouldhavesucceeded. Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful. IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturdayhewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing. IfhehadcomeyesterdayIshould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit. 含义HedidnotcomeyesterdaysoIdidnottellhimaboutit. Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasseshewouldhavemadegreaterprogress. 含义Hewasillandmissedmanylessonssohedidnotmakegreaterprogress. c.表示对将来的假想 句型 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+动词原形 were+不定式 would+动词原形 should+动词原形Ifyousucceededeverythingwouldbeallright. Ifyoushouldsucceedeverythingwouldbeallright. Ifyouweretosucceedeverythingwouldbeallright.
16.3混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句 Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterdayyouwouldknowwhattodonow. 从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反 Ifithadrainedlastnight过去itwouldbeverycoldtoday现在.
16.4虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有wereshould或had可将if省略,再把wereshould或had移到从句句首,实行倒装 Weretheyherenowtheycouldhelpus. =Iftheywereherenowtheycouldhelpus. Hadyoucomeearlieryouwouldhavemethim =Ifyouhadcomeearlieryouwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrainthecropswouldbesaved. =Wereittorainthecropswouldbesaved. 注意 在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be’的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替 IfIwereyouIwouldgotolookforhim. 如果我是你,就会去找他 Ifhewerehereeverythingwouldbeallright. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的典型例题 _____todotheworkIshoulddoitsomeotherday. A.IfwereI B.Iwere C.WereI D.WasI 答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有wereshouldhad这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前变成wereshouldhad+主语的形式但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式如我们可说WereInottodo.而不能说Weren’tItodo.
16.5特殊的虚拟语气词should 1Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略句型1suggestedItis2important that…+shoulddo3apity1suggestedorderedproposedrequireddemandedrequestedinsisted;+shoulddo 2importantnecessarynaturalstrangeapityashamenowonder3Itissuggestedthatweshouldholdameetingnextweek. Itisnecessarythatheshouldcometoourmeetingtomorrow.2在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中ordersuggestproposerequiredemandrequestinsistcommandinsist+shoulddo Isuggestthatweshouldholdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthatheshouldbesentthere.注意如suggestinsist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules. 判断改错:错Youpalefacesuggeststhatyoushouldbeill. 对Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.错Iinsistedthatyoushouldbewrong.对Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用 在suggestionproposalideaplanorderadvice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形 Myideaisthatweshouldgetmorepeopletoattendtheconference. Imakeaproposalthatweshouldholdameetingnextweek.
16.6wish的用法 1用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望其宾语从句的动词形式为 真实状况 wish后 从句动作先于主句动词动作 现在时 过去时be的过去式为were 从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时had+过去分词 将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could+动词原形 IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了2Wishtodo表达法Wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.
16.7比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示只有;ifonly则表示如果……就好了Ifonly也可用于陈述语气Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了,就好了Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来
16.8ItishightimethatItishightimethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
16.9need不必做和本不该做didn’tneedtodo表示过去不必做某事事实上也没做.needn’thavedone表示过去不必做某事但事实上做了JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMarysoshedidn’tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMarysosheneedn’thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车典型例题 Therewasplentyoftime.She___. A.mustn’thavehurried B.couldn’thavehurried C.mustnothurry D.needn’thavehurried 答案Dneedn’thavedone.意为本不必,即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要 Mustn’thavedone用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn’thavedone不可能已经mustnotdo不可以用于一般现在时。