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Lessontype Revision名词性从句GoalsUnderstandtheusageofthisGrammarandlearnhowtousethemproperly.【Learningmethod】1ReviewtheknowledgeinHongduigouonP235~2362TrytofillintheblanksabouttheusageofthisGrammar.【Learningprocedure】
一、定义及分类名词性从句就是相当于名词的句子在句中作从句,充当、、或,因而可把名词性从句分为、、和
二、名词性从句中应该用语序
三、引导名词性从句的关联词1)连接词that成分,省略翻译,只起连接作用;ifwhether成分,意为;在引导主语、表语和同位语从句时只用;2)连接代词whatwhich可指代事或物,在从句充当语、语、或语;who在从句中充当语或语;whom在从句中充当语;whose在从句中充当语;3)连接副词whenwherewhyhow在从句充当语;4)复合代词和复合副词whateverwhicheverwhoeverwhomever等词引导的名词性从句中,whatever意为;whichever表示,意为“无论哪一个,任何一个”,whoever意为what和whatever引导名词性从句的区别:what可以表示thethings等特指含义;而whatever相当于anythingthat强调“无论什么”Eg.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame—Ohthat’smakesmefeelexcited.It’sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.who表示一个人whoever表示任何人(判断下两句正误)Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.()Whobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.注意nomatter+特殊疑问词引导从句,特殊疑问词+ever引导和从句.5还有一些其他的,如asifbecausewhy等可引导表语从句◆主语从句注意事项1单个主语从句做主语,句子谓语动词常为形式;what引导的主语从句作主语,主句谓语可根据确定.2that在从句中实际意义句子成分;可位于句首;省略.3从句中不缺成分用that缺少成分就补充成分根据翻译来选词.4主语从句用不用if.5用it作形式主语常用句型Itis+adj.necessaryrightlikelythat…Itis+n.apitythat…Itis+过去分词saidthat…It+vi.appearshappensthat…Itisnecessary/important/suggested/orderedthat…要用语气翻译他遇上一位好心人并未使我们吃惊今天我的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象我们是否出去郊游那的看天气情况而定他如何逃跑的还是个迷灾区人民最需要的是生活必需品我们很有必要按时完成任务据说他写了一本小说◆宾语从句宾语从句可以位于“词词非谓语动词某些surecertaingladpleasedafraidsurprisedsatisfied等”后(动词后加两个或以上宾语从句,第二个及以后的that不省)判断Hesaidthathewasgoingtostudyabroad.词后的宾从I’mcertainthatheisathomenow.词后的宾从Thisdependsonwhetherhe’sinterested.词后的宾从Knowingthathecouldn’tcomeIinvitedJoan.词后的宾从注意事项1that实际意义多数省略.2whetherif:
①有ornot时用;
②介词后面的宾语从句用;
③不定式前用;
④动词后用玛丽正在担心她是否通过了考试老师会告诉我们明天是否会考试3在thinkexpectbelieveguessimaginesuppose做谓语时主句主语为第一人称时,宾语从句否定例如我认为他不会来其反义疑问句
①主句主语为第一人称,反义疑问句与句保持一致IthinkheisrightIdon’tthinkheisright
②主句主语为
二、三人称,反义疑问句与句保持一致Youthinkheisright4)有些表示“喜好”的动词带宾语从句时,习惯上在宾语从句前加it如hatelovelikeenjoydislikeappreciate()seeto确保,insistondependon等我不喜欢人们说话的时候嘴里都是东西whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.如果你能帮我,我将对此非常感激ifyoucouldhelpme.5一般情况下,介词后不加引导的宾语从句,但有三个词可以,它们是,此时,that省略Iknownothingabouthim.除了他是美国人HedifferedfromhisclassmatesIthathedevotedhissparetimetoreading.(翻译)6)动词findfeelconsidermakebelievetake…forgranted想当然等后有宾语补足语时,需要it做形式宾语,把宾语从句置后我觉得这周末我们出去玩是个好主意他很明确地说他喜欢咖啡胜过茶7一个坚持(),两个命令,三个建议,四个要求后,that引导的宾语从句中常用()+动词原形8)doubt引导宾语从句时,如果主句是肯定句,宾语从句的连接词用;在否定句或疑问句中,宾语从句用.我怀疑他是否会回来我认为他一定会来参加此次聚会◆表语从句连词除了thatwhether外还可以用becauseasthough/ifwhy等.注意事项1引导词that无实际意义省略;2用whether而不能用引导.3句型Thereasonwhy/that/which…isthat…和Itisbecause…以及That’swhy…这几个结构中的引导词不能混淆使用.4)主句的主语是suggestionadvice等表示建议、命令、要求等词语时,表语从句的谓语用+do且可省略翻译问题是他们能否帮助我们克服困难他上课经常迟到的原因是他有早上晚期的坏习惯我没有带雨伞,这就是我全身湿透的原因我全身湿透了那是因为我没带雨伞他解释的他缺席的原因是他生病住院了他感觉好像回到了20年前我的建议是他该出去放松一下◆同位语从句在抽象名词ideafactnewsbeliefhopedesirethoughtpossibility等后,对其进一步解释说明.注意事项
1.同位语从句用whether不用.
2.suggestionorder等命令、建议、要求时,其后的同位语从句,谓语动词也要用Ihavenoideahowwewillgotothepark.Wordcamethattheboydidkillthegirl.◆区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句
1.that在同位语从句中,在定语从句中that可以充当句的语语和语
2.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的,而定语从句是对前面名词进行
3.连词that在同位语从句中省略而在定语从句中当它充当语时省略◆名词性从句与定语从句的主要区别
①名词性从句充当句子的主要成分;定语从句充当句子的修饰成分
②定语从句的引导词在语义上具有指代先行词的作用;名词性从句的引导词不具备此功能
③名词性从句中的that只起引导词的作用,无任何意义定语从句中的that在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语,有时可以与which互换,作宾语时可以省略
④不会出现在名词性从句中的关系词as不会出现在定语从句中的关系词whetherifwhathowbecause
⑤名词性从句中的whenwhere,why不能与in/on/atwhich互换名词性从句和定语从句的转化Eg:What=allthat=thethingsthatWhat/Thethingthatheisdoingseemsquitedifficult.What/AllthatIwanttosayisthatyoushouldstudyhard.Haveatry!!
1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.---Hehasdonehecantohelpme.
2.WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.--Iwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.
3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished.--breaksthelawistobepunished.--breakthelawaretobepunished.
4.We’llrememberwhomeverweturnedtoforhelp.--We’llrememberweturnedtoforhelp.
5.I’llreadwhicheverbookyougiveme.--I’llreadofthe booksyougiveme.名词性从句练习2013高考题组
1.2013北京
31.makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhoD.Which
2.2013北京
33.Expertsbelievepeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.A.whyB.whereC.thatD.what
3.2013全国大纲卷
24.WhenIarrivedBryantookmetoseethehouseIwouldbestaying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which
4.2013安徽21.Fromspacetheearthlooksblue.Thisisaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.A.whyB.howC.becauseD.whether
5.2013江西
30._______oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Wherever.
6.2013山东
30.It’sgoodtoknow_____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that
7.2013陕西
20.Itremainstobeseenthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
8.2013四川
6._______yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.A.WhenB.HowC.WhatD.That
9.2013天津
15.IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhetherD.What
10.2013新课标Ⅰ
26.Policehavefoundappearstobethelostancientstatue.A.whichB.whereC.howD.what
11.2013重庆
28.struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.Which
12.2013浙江
16.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief_____youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.AhowBthatCwhichDwhether2012高考题组
1.【2012安徽】
27.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligencegenerallyspeakingarefixedatbirthbut________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why
2.【2012重庆】
34.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.that
3.【2012全国】
24.Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what
4.【2012北京】
24.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.A.whyB.howC.thatD.whether
5.【2012福建】
35.Wepromise_____attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
6.【2012陕西】
20.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovidedandyouarefreetochoose_____suitsyoubest.A.whateverB.whicheverC.wheneverD.wherever
7.【2012山东】
25.Itdoesn’tmatter_____youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why
8.【2012湖南】
26.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatter___youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.when
9.【2012天津】
9.Itdoesn’tmatter____youturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.A.whetherB.howC.ifD.when
10.【2012江西】
25.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim___hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that
11.【2012辽宁】
34.Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor_____hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever
12.【2012四川】
17.Scientistsstudy____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether
13.【2012浙江】
4.Imadeapromisetomyself____thisyearmyfirstyearinhighschoolwouldbedifferent.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how
14.【2012江苏】
27.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon___themeetingwouldbepostponed.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how。