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六短语动词 I. 要点 英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种 1 动词+介词 常见的有look for look after send for care about ask for laugh at hear of from add to lead to等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后如 Don’t laugh at others. I didn’t care about it. 2 动词+副词 常见的有give up pick up think over find out hand in point out等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边如You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don’t forget to hand it in. 3 动词+副词+介词 常见的有look down upon go on with break away from add up to catch up with等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如 All his money added up to no more than $
100. After a short rest he went on with his research work. 4 动词+名词+介词 常见的有take care of make use of pay attention to make fun of 等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. 5 动词+形容词 常见的有leave open set free cut open等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边如 The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. 6 动词+名词 常见的有take place make friends等这类短语动词用作不及物动词如 This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. 7辨析 give away让给,暴露 和 give up放弃,停止 put away放起,收起 和 put out 扑灭 turn up出席,放大 和 turn on 打开 keep out阻止 和 keep off 不让靠近 make up编造,补上 和 make out辨认 take off脱,起飞 和 take out拿出 II. 例题 例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age. A put away B kept up C given away D laid up 解析该题正确答案为A意为存;keep up意为继续;give away意为分发;lay up贮藏例2 Here’s my card. Let’s keep in ____. A touch B relation C connection D friendship 解析该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词,意为保持联系 例3 ____! There’s a train coming. A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on 解析该题选A. look out 意为小心。