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中学英语常见错误
1.a[误]IthinkitisanusefulEnglishdictionary.[正]IthinkitisausefulEnglishdictionary.[析]在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是an用在以元音开头的词之前;而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词,如usefuluniversity等,其第一个音标是[j],所以要特别予以注意[误]Ineedahourtofinishthisletter.[正]Ineedanhourtofinishthisletter.[析]要注意hour和honest的第一个字母不发音[误]Myteacherisaunknownmanbutheisaverygoodman.[正]Myteacherisanunknownmanbutheisaverygoodman.[析]要注意以u打头的单词,它的发音为[ju]时,单数名词前要用an,如uncle等[误]Thereisafinthewordfootball.[正]Thereisanfinthewordfootball.[析]英文字母单独使用时,如其第一个发音是元音时,其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.[误]Ihavealittlebrother.Heisa8-year-oldboy.[正]Ihavealittlebrother.Heisan8-year-oldboy.[析]要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音,如eighteleven等
2.able[误]Thisbikeisabletoberepaired.[正]Thisbikecanberepaired.[析]beableto主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为有本领、有能力、可以作某事,如Imabletoswimacrossthisriver.而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力如Thisradiocanberepairedhere.about:[误]Thisclassisabouttobeginjustnow.[正]Thisclassisabouttobegin.[析]要注意beaboutto是将要的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用另外,beaboutto一般用作书面语,对应的口语是begoingto.about与on:about与on都可以作关于讲,但却有所不同,例如Thisbookisaboutphysics.应译为这是一本关于物理学的科普读物而Thisbookisonphysics.则应译为这是一本物理学方面的专著
3.above[误]Thetemperatureisfivedegreesoverzero.[正]Thetemperatureisfivedegreesabovezero.[析]表达在……上方时,above与over是可以互换的,如Theskyisaboveoroverourheads.但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over,如Thesunhasrisenabovethehorizon.[误]ThereisoftenthickcloudabovetheSouthofChinainsummer.[正]ThereisoftenthickcloudovertheSouthofChinainsummer.[析]当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over而不能用above.[误]Thereisabridgeabovetheriver.[正]Thereisabridgeovertheriver.[析]用来表达从……上方越过时不能用above只能用over,如Theplaneflewoverthecity.但要注意Thereiswaterfallabovethebridge.则应译为在桥的上游有一个瀑布
4.across[误]Heranacrossthewood.[正]Heranthroughthewood.[析]across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程如Themancameinthroughthewindow.Hewalkedacrossthesquare.across:across的主要用法有两个其一,意为对面,如Thereisaschooljustacrossthestreet.其二,意为横过,如Hewalkedacrossthestreet.
5.afraid[误]Idonttafraidofhim.[正]Iamnotafraidofhim.[析]要注意害怕afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词连用
6.after[误]Twoweeksafterheleft.[正]Twoweekslaterheleft.[正]Heleftaftertwoweeks.[析]要表达在多少时间之后,英语中有两种表达法,即用later时,要时间在前,如threehourslater;而用after时要时间在后,如afterthreehours.[误]Myfatherwillbebackafterafewhours.[正]Myfatherwillbebackinafewhours.[析]受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后例如Thisworkwillbedoneintwodays.即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的after与behindafter多用于表示顺序的前后,如ShewalkedinthelineafterTom.或用来表示追赶,表示一种动态,如HeranafterMary.而behind多用于强调先进与落后,如Sheismuchbehindtheothergirlsinsewing.或者用于表达迟于,如Thetrainwastenminutesbehindthetimetable.或者与表示静态的动词连用,如Shehidherselfbehindtheflowers.
7.afternoon[误]Heworkedveryhardinahotafternoon.[正]Heworkedveryhardonahotafternoon.[析]习惯用的词组intheafternoon如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如HeswaminthisriverontheafternoonofJunelst.又如AreyoufreeonSundayafternoon
8.against[误]Heagainstme.[正]Heisagainstme.[析]要注意against意为反对,但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be如Heisagainstsomebody/something.againstforagainst意为反对、不赞成;而for则意为同意,为其反意词如Areyoufororagainsttheplan
9.age[误]Heistwentyyearsoldofage.[正]Heistwenty.[正]Heistwentyyearsold.[正]Heisattheageoftwenty.
10.ago[误]Tomsfatherhasbeendeadfiveyearsago.[正]Tomsfatherdiedfiveyearsago.[析]ago意为由说话时算起,若干时间以前它只能和一般动词过去时连用,而不要与完成时连用[误]YesterdayImetafriend.Wedidntseeeachotherforalongtimesinceweleftthecollegetwentyyearsago.[正]YesterdayImetafriend.Wehadntseeneachotherforalongtimesinceweleftthecollegetwentyyearsago.[析]要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中,只是从句应用过去时,但不影响主句的时态
11.agree[误]Doestheteacheragreetous[正]Doestheteacheragreewithus[误]Doesheagreewithourplan[正]Doesheagreewithus[析]agreewith指同意某人的提议、建议、计划等如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agreeto如Doyouagreetotheplan
12.all[误]Theoldmanhastwosons.Allofthemareworkers.[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Bothofthemareworkers.[析]all是指三者或以上的全部,而both则是指两者都[误]Theallchildrenareplayingfootballnow.[正]Allthechildrenareplayingfootballnow.[析]all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前,不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词,或代词的所有格[误]Youallareright.[正]Youareallright.[析]all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后,实意动词之前,如Theteachersallworkhard.或用于第一助动词之后,如Theboyshaveallbeenwaitingfortheirmothers.
13.almost[误]Nearlynobodythinksheisright.[正]Almostnobodythinksheisright.[析]nearly与almost是近意词,其含意差别不大,但是与否定词连用时要用almost例如Shebroughtalmostnomoneywithher.此句中的almost不能用nearly替换
14.alone[误]Theoldmanlivedlonebuthedidntfeellonely.[正]Theoldmanlivedalonebuthedidntfeellonely.[析]alonelonelonely三个词全具有孤单、孤独之意但其用法不同lone可以作定语,而alone则只能作表语,lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独
15.already[误]Wearealreadyforthework.[正]Weareallreadyforthework.[析]already是副词,其意为已经,如Healreadyknewaboutit.而allready为形容词意为准备好already与yetalready多用于肯定句中,例如Thestudentshavealreadyfinishedthework.而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如HaveyoufinishedityetIhaventfinishedityet.
16.also[误]Ididntfindthedictionaryalso.[正]Ididntfindthedictionaryeither.[析]作为也讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.also与tooalso与too都可用在肯定句中表示也,但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后,如Icanalsodoitmyself.而too一般放于句尾Illattendhisclasstoo.
17.always[误]Alwaysheaskedhimselfwhyhehadcomehere.[正]Healwaysaskedhimselfwhyhehadcomehere.[析]always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后,如Ivealwaysthoughtheishonest.又如Heisalwayslate.
18.an[误]Thisisanusefuldictionary.[正]Thisisausefuldictionary.[析]详见a条
19.and[误]Hedidnotspeakloudlyandclearly.[正]Hedidnotspeakloudlynorclearly.[误]OurschoolisnotinNewYorkandChicagobutinBoston.[正]OurschoolisnotinNewYorkorChicagobutinBoston.[析]和这一概念在肯定句中应用and,但在否定句中则要用or
20.angry[误]Mymotherwasangrytome.[正]Mymotherwasangrywithme.[误]HewasangrywithwhatIsaid.[正]HewasangryatwhatIsaid.[析]要注意beangry后面如果接人,表示对某人生气不满时应用beangrywithsomebody.但要接事物时要用beangryatsomething.another[误]IhavetwosistersoneinAmericaandanotherinEnglish.[正]IhavetwosistersoneinAmericaandtheotherinEnglish.[析]要注意英语中anotherothertheothertheothersothers的不同用法,现分别说明如下another作形容词其意为泛指的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的一般在句中作定语,如:Thisisnotgoodenoughpleaseshowmeanotherone.another还可以作为代词用,如Onestudentsaid Iwanttoplaybaskball.anothersaid Iwanttoplayfootball.other作形容词其意为泛指其余的,别的如Ihaveotherbooksbesidesthese.又如Asksomeotherpeopleplease.theother则为特指,作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词,如Shehastwoflowers.Oneiswhitetheotheroneisyellow.特指,单数又如Therearefiftystudentsinourclasstwentyfiveareboystheotherstudentsaregirls.特指,复数但当theother作为代词时,它代表的可以是单数,也可以是复数,如Hehasabookinonehandandapenintheother.单数又如Therearesomepeopleintheroom.Fouraregirlstheother复数areboys.要注意的是当theother作主语时,其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定,它可能是单数,也可能是复数others则只能作代词,其意为otherones即为泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如Eachofusmustthinkofothers.而theothers只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如Iknowonlyoneortwoofthestudents;theothersareunknowntome.
21.answer[误]Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasereplythedoorbell.[正]SomeoneisknockingatthedoorPleaseanswerthedoorbell.[析]answer与reply是近意词,作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的,如Thestudentanswered/repliedthathewantedtowatchTV.但在某些特定场合则不易互换作为应答之意时则多用answer,如Youshouldanswertoyourname.Pleaseanswermyletterassoonaspossible.AnswermyquestioninEnglish.
22.any[误]Doyouhavesomequestions[正]Doyouhaveanyquestions[析]some一般要用于肯定句,而any则用于否定句或疑问句[误]ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.[正]ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.[析]要注意anyother其后要跟单数名词,但anyoftheother其后要接复数名词ChinaislargerthananyoftheothercountriesinAsia.[误]Herearesomebooks;youcanchooseanyoneofthese.[正]Herearesomebooks;youcanchooseanyoneofthese.[析]anyone只能指人,而anyone即可指人也可以指物
23.around[误]Thenineplanetsgoaroundofthesun.[正]Thenineplanetsgoaroundthesun.[析]around后面不要再加介词,如Thesunshinesallaroundus.around与round:作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round,例如Youcanseethepostofficeround/aroundthatcorner.绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局但是一定要区别它们的不同之处round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词;而around只能用作副词或介词例如Thepostofficeisjustroundaroundthehouse用作介词.Hehasroundface用作形容词.Theriverroundedthestones.用作动词
24.arrive[误]IarrivedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.[正]IarrivedinBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.[正]IreachedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.[误]Hearrivedintheschoolat11∶
00.[正]Hearrivedattheschoolat11∶
00.[析]arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at如arriveinNewYorkarriveatthevillage.arrive,reach与getarrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词如Howdidyoureachtheschoolthismorning而get可用作不及物动词,作到达讲时其后面多与to连用如WhendidyougettoNewYork
25.as[误]Thismanworksinthebankforamanager.[正]Thismanworksinthebankasamanager.[析]as与for有时是可以通用的如Thisroomisusedasforaclassroom.但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.[误]MybrotherissotallerasTom.[正]MybrotherisastallasTom.[析]as…as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级,而不能用比较级在否定句中可以用so…as,也可以用as…as,但在肯定句中只能用as…as,如HeisnotsotallasTom.[误]Illgivehimthenoteassoonashewillcome.[正]Illgivehimthenoteassoonashecomes.[析]assoonas所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来
26.ask[误]Thestudentaskedaquestiontotheteacher.[正]Thestudentaskedtheteacheraquestion.[析]ask应接双宾语,即asksomebodysomething.[误]Theyaskedsomebooks.[正]Theyaskedforsomebooks.[析]向某人要求某物时应用asksomebodyforsomething或askforsomethingfromsomebody如Heaskedhismotherforsomemoney.或Heaskedforsomemoneyfromhismother.asleep[误]Heisdeeplyasleep.[正]Heisfastasleep.[析]要讲熟睡,就要用fast来修饰asleep另外,在英语中一般不讲somebodyissleeping而要用asleep关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有gotosleep如Theoldmanusuallygoestosleepatten.,fallasleep如IfellasleepatEnglishclassyesterday.
27.at[误]Itwillreallydoyounoharmquite.[正]Itwillreallydoyounoharmatall.[析]atall和quite的汉语意思均为全然、确定的,但atall适用于否定句,例如-Imsorry.Imlate.-Notroubleatall.又如Idontthinkitisrightatall.而quite则适用于肯定句,例如Heisquiteagood
28.teacher.[误]Thechildrenplayfootballforlunch.[正]Thechildrenplayfootballatlunch.[析]英语中的atlunch为在吃午饭时这种惯用法还有atwork在工作,attable在吃饭,atdesk在学习而forlunch则是为午饭而准备的食物,又如Wehadsomemilkforbreakfast.[误]Thereisapostofficeinthecornerofthestreet.[正]Thereisapostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.[析]atthecorner是指墙外面的角,而inthecorner是指建筑物内部的角落例如Thereisacomputerinthecorneroftheroom.Thereisastreetlampatthecornerofthestreet.atinon在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at,如Hewillbebackatsix.表示一天的上、下午时要用in如Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.但要注意的是,inthemorning和intheafternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词,其介词要换为on,如onthecoldmorningonthehotafternoon.又如SeeyouonMondaymorning.如讲到具体的某一天,要用on如onSunday如IusuallywanttovisitmymotheronSundays.在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in,如AllthechildrenwillbehappyinEasterweek.HewasborninJuly.但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at如WhereareyougoingatEaster.。