牛津高中英语M6语法专项复习虚拟语气

牛津高中英语M6语法专项复习虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类l、语气语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度

2、语气的种类

（1）陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句如Wearenotready.我们没准备好Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气啊!

（2）祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等如:Openthedoorplease请打开门

（3）虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等如IfIwereyouIshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你，我就学英语了Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气如:Ifitdoesn’traintomorrowwewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句如:Ifhehadseenyouyesterdayhewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:从句动词形式主句动词形式与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should+动词原形，wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形注:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果如Ifmybrotherwerehereeverythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了

2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果如Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice，youwouldntcouldn’thavefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会不可能考试不及格

3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果如IfitwereSundaytomorrowIshouldwould，could，mightgotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天，我就可能去看望我奶奶Ifitweretosnowthiseveningtheywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了

4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整例如Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctoryouwouldbeallrightnow.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在

5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式

（1）省略连词if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装例如:ShouldhecomeIfheshouldcometellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话WereIyouIfIwereyouIwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做这事

（2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句如WithoutairIftherewerenotairtherewouldbenolivingthings.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了ButforyourhelpIfithadn’tbeenforyourhelpIcouldn’thavedoneit.要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatdayIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了如果我那天不忙的话，我就……；IwouldhavefinishedtheworkbutIhavebeenill.IfIhadn’tbeenillIwouldhavefinishedthework.我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……

6、省去条件从句或主句表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知

（1）省去条件从句如:Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的省去了Ifyouhadwantedto事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗

（2）省去主句常用以表示愿望如:Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!事实是:祖母已不在世；Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!事实是:她已经走了

三、虚拟语气的其他用法l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在Itisimportantstrange，natural，necessarythat…这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是重要、奇怪、自然、必要等意义如Itisimportantthateverymembershouldinformhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则

2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法

（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词thatA.表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式be动词一般用were如IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道这个问题的答案可惜不知道；B.表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用had十过去分词如IwishwishedIhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.我后悔不该花那么多钱实际上已经花掉；C.表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为would十动词原形如Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止；Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.但愿你立刻来

（2）在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等如Idemandthatheshouldanswermeimmediately.我要求他立刻答复我

3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

（1）在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同如Evenifhehadbeenillhewouldhavegonethisoffice.即使生了病，他俩去办公室

（2）由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时从句谓语形式为动词的过去式be用were或“had十过去分词”如HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样注如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气

4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法在Itistimethat…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是该干某事的时候了如It’shightimewedidourhomework.我们该做作业了

5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法

（1）情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中如Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好别太晚睡觉

（2）在一些习惯表达中如Iwouldrathernottellyou.我宁愿不告诉你

（3）用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）如Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐！Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你顺利练习Multiplechoice

1.Wedemandedthatwe_______ofanychangeintheplan.A.informedB.wouldbeinformedC.beinformedD.hadbeeninformed

2.It’snecessarythathe_______arecognizedqualification.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.having

3.Itshightimewe______ourattentiontothisproblem.A.turnedB.turnC.hadturnedD.wouldturn

4.Ifonlyyou__________himwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.didnttoldB.hadnttoldC.wouldnottellD.wouldhavenottold

5.Hemusthavehadanaccidentorhe_______herethen.A.wouldhavebeenB.hadbeenC.shouldhavebeenD.couldbe

6.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers_______before.A.hadinventedB.wereinventedC.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninvented

7._______ceaseadvertisingpriceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.A.WeretheytoB.CouldtheyC.IftheyD.Wouldthey

8.Fiveminutesearlierandwe________thelastbus.A.hadcaughtB.shouldhavecaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.caught

9.You_______theclothes!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing.A.shouldnthavewashedB.mustnthavewashedC.cannothavewashedD.neednthavewashed

10.Jeandoesntwanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe______ajobsheprobablywouldntbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegot

11.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe________himself.A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjure

12.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios______after11oclockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.nottoplayC.notbeplayedD.didnotplay

13.Youdonthavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou______onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone

14.Itisimportantthatenoughmoney___________tofundtheproject.A.becollectedB.mustbecollectedC.wascollectedD.canbecollected

15.Ifonlythecommittee_______theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A.approveB.willapproveC.canapproveD.wouldapprove

16.IdontthinkitadvisablethatTom________tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned

17.You_______herinherofficelastFriday;shesbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.A.neednthaveseenB.musthaveseenC.mighthaveseenD.canthaveseen

18.Wedidntknowhistelephonenumberotherwisewe_______him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned

19.Itisrecommendedthattheproject______untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.A.isnotstartedB.willnotbestartedC.notbestartedD.isnottobestarted

20.IwishI________longerthismorningbutIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept

21.I________hertothepartybutIdidntknowherwell.A.oughthaveinvitedB.wouldhaveinvitedC.shouldinviteD.mayhaveinvited

22.You________totowntoseethefilmlastweek.ItwillbeonTVtomorrow.A.needntgoB.shouldnotgoC.hadbetternotgoD.neednthavegone

23.---Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible----YesbutI________busydoingmyhomework..A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe

24.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms_______backbeforethedeadlineA.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent

25.Itisimportantthatwe________.A.shallclosethewindowbeforeweleaveB.willclosethewindowbeforeweleaveC.mustclosethewindowbeforeweleaveD.closethewindowbeforeweleave

26.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit____________yesterday.2006全国A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened

27.---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe________toMiamibuttoNewYork---Iagreebuttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.2005江苏A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what

28.IfI________plantodoanythingIwantedtoI’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.2005湖北A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughtto

29.Ifhe___inadayortwoIwouldwaitforhim.A.returnsB.shouldhavereturnedC.weretoreturnD.hadreturned

30.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe__inturnyou___sotired.A.drovedidn’tgetB.drovewouldn’tgetC.weredrivingwouldn’tgetD.haddrivenwouldn’thavegot

31.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

32._____forthedoctor’scarefultreatmenthe________tilllastyear.A.Ifitisnotcan’tliveB.Wereitnotcouldn’tliveC.Haditnotbeencouldn’thavelivedD.Iftheywerenotcouldn’tlive

33.Whatwouldhavehappened___asfarastheriverbankA.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther

34._____itraintomorrowwewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will35ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inloveattheageofsevenwiththeMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall

36.HowIwisheveryfamily___alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad

37.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwateritlooksasifit________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

38.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe___illandherparentssuggestedthatshe_____amedicalexamination.A.beshouldhaveB.washaveC.shouldbehadD.washas

39.Thebusdriverinsistedthathe_____atnormalspeedandtherefore_____forthechild’sdeath.A.drivenotanswerB.wasdrivingshouldn’tanswerC.shoulddriveshouldn’thaveansweredD.droveshouldn’tanswerAnswers:1-5:CBABC6-10:DACDB11-15:ACCAD16-20:CDACA21-25:BDACD26-30DBBCC31-35DCCBB36-39BCBD。