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八年级英语上册Unit12知识点总结Unit1PlayingSportsTopic1Imgoingtoplaybasketball.
1.seesb.dosth.“看见某人做了某事”强调动作的全过程常与everyday;often等连用.seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做某事”强调动作正在进行.Eg:Isawyouplaybasketballalmosteverydayduringthesummerholidays.Ioftenseehimdrawpicturesneartheriver.我常看见她在河边画画.Isawhergoacrossthestreet.我看见她过了马路Isawhergoingacrossthestreet.我看见她正在过马路.[类似的有watchhearfeel等这类感观动词.]
2.joinsb.表示“加入某人的行列”“和某人在一起”join+组织表示“加入某个组织”joinin=takepartin表示“参加/出席某个活动”如:WillyoujoinusIwilljointheskiingclub.Sheisplanningtotakepartinthehighjump.
3.prefer…to更喜欢(to是介词,后接名词、代词,V-ing形式)Preferdoingtodoing比起什么更喜欢什么Eg Sheprefersfishtomeat.Sheprefersplayingthepianotoplayingtheguitar.Whichsportsdoyoupreferswimmingorrowing=Whichsportsdoyoulikebetter?
4.arrivein+大地点arriveat+小地点getto+地点=reach+地点如:MyunclearrivedinBeijingyesterday.IarrivedattheGreatWall.=IgottotheGreatWall.=IreachedtheGreatWall.注意:reachhere/there/home=gethere/there/home=arrivehere/there/home
5.leave„离开„„leavefor„动身去„/离开到„如:TheyareleavingBeijingtomorrow.明天他们要离开北京.TheyareleavingforJapanthedayaftertomorrow.后天他们要前往日本.
6.afew“几个;一些”修饰可数名词表肯定alittle“一点点”修饰不数名词表肯定few表否定little表否定如:Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.
7.howlong表示“多久时间”;提问时间段.howoften表示“多常;多久一次”;提问时间的频率.如:TheywillstayinBeijingforaweek.→HowlongwilltheystayinBeijingHeplaysbasketballtwiceaweek.→Howoftendoesheplaybasketball
8..begoodatdoingsth.=dowellindoingsth.擅长于做某事如:Sheisgoodatplayingbaseball.=Shedoeswellinplayingbaseball.
9..makesth/sb+adj.使某物某人在某种状态keep„sth/sb+adj.保持某物某人在某种状态如:Playingsoccercanmakeyourbodystrong.Swimmingcanhelptokeepyourheartandlungshealthy.
10.wishsb.todosth.wishthat从句hopetodosth.hopethat从句重点短语cheeron为某人加油(人称代词放中间)playfor效力于…playagainst和某人比赛spend+时间indoingsth.花费时间做某事begoodat=dowellin擅长做某事keepfit=keephealthy保持健康重点语法一般将来时
(一)begoingto结构:
①表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思,因此通常认为用begoingto表达的行动很可能会见诸实践如I’mgoingtoplaybasketballwithmyclassmatesthisSunday.我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球Sheisgoingtobuyasweaterforhermother.她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup你长大后想成为什么?Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup你长大后想做什么?
②表预测指根据迹象推测,而且马上或很快就要发生如Lookatthoseclouds.It’sgoingtorain.瞧那些乌云!快要下雨了!
③therebe句型的将来时thereisgoingtobe…..例子Thereisgoingtobeamatchtomorrow.
(二)will+动词原形表示单纯的将来事实,常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrowsoonlaternexttimeweek/month/year„等连用willnot=won’t;缩略形式为’ll.表示作出立即的决定这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划,是临时的一种决定如a.----PleaseputyourthingsawayTom.汤姆,把你的东西收拾好----I’msorry.I’lldoitrightaway.对不起我马上就去做b.----Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea您要咖啡还是茶?----Iwillhaveacupofteaplease.我要一杯茶c.Don’tworry.I’llhelpyou.别担心我会帮你的表示预测指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测如I’msureourteamwillwinnexttime.我确信下次我们队会赢Maybeshewillgotothegym.也许她会去体育馆表示许诺如I’lldobetternexttime.下次我会做得更好的I’llvisityoutomorrow.明天我会去看你的句式肯定句I/She/He/Theywillgotoplaybaseballsoon.否定句I/She/He/Theywon’tgotoplaybaseballsoon.一般疑问句Willyou/she/he/theygotoplaybaseballsoon回答YesI/she/he/theywill.NoI/she/he/theywon’t.
(三)动词plancomegoleavefly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事.如I’mcoming.我就来HeisleavingforShanghai.他将到上海去WearegoingtoBeijing.我们将去北京Topic2Illkickyoutheballagain.
1.ill与sick都表示“生病的”只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.如:Themanisill/sick.那个男人病了.作表语Heisasickman.他是个病人.作定语beill有病的,强调状态fallill生病,得病,强调动作
2.Wouldyoumindnotdoingsth表示“不做某事介意/好吗”如:Wouldyoumindcomingandcheckingit来修理它好吗Wouldyoumindnotsmokinghere不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗
3.oneof+名词复数表示“其中之一„„”主语是one表单数.谓语动词用单数如:Oneofmyteammatesisstrongandtall.其中我的一个队友又高又壮
4.miss“错过思念遗失”如:Imissedthelastbusyesterday.昨天我错过最后一班车.Hemissedhismother.他想念他的母亲.MyGod!Imissed=lostmykey.天啊!我把钥匙弄丢了.
5.doone’sbest尽某人的最大努力=tryone’sbestWedoourbesttofinishthetask.
6.besuretodosth.=besurethat+句子“确定做某事”如:Wearesuretowinnexttime.=Wearesurethatwewillwinnexttime.我们确信下次一定会赢
7.besorryfor„“为某事抱歉”besorrytodosth.=besorrythat+句子“很抱歉做了某事”begladtodosth.高兴做某事如:IamverysorryforwhatIsaid.我为我所说的话感到抱歉.I’msorryIlostyourbook.=I’msorrytoloseyourbook.很抱歉弄丢你的书
8.tiredadj.“(感到)疲惫的”主语是人如:Ifeeltiredtoday.今天我感到累了.tiringadj.“令人疲劳的”主语是事物如:Thisjobistiring.这份工作令人疲惫.类似的有:excited感到兴奋的exciting令人兴奋的interested感到有趣的interesting有趣的(ed修饰人,ing修饰物)
9.15-year-old“15岁的”15yearsold“15岁”如:Heisa15-year-oldboy.=Theboyis15yearsold.类似用法:
2.5-mile/
2.5miles
10.instead“替代;相反”一般单独使用放在句末前面用逗号隔开.insteadof„“替代„„;而不„„相反”如:Iwon’tgotoShanghai.I’llgotoBeijinginstead.我不会去上海而会去北京.=I’llgotoBeijinginsteadofShanghai.Idrankalotofmilkinsteadofwater.我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.
11.havefundoingsth.=enjoydoingsth.表示“从做„„.中获得乐趣”如:Ihavegreatfunrunning.=Ienjoyrunning.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣重点短语keepdoingsth.继续做某事shoutatsb.冲某人喊叫beangrywithsb.生某人的气beangrywithsb.fordoingsth.因某人做某事而生气beangryat/aboutsth.因某事生气saysorrytosb.想某人抱歉haveafightwithsb.=fightwithsb.和某人打架withoneshelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的帮助下stop…fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Sothat的用法Itis+形容词+(forsb).+todosth.对某人而言,做什么事是怎么样的Topic3Theschoolsportsmeetiscoming.
1.bereadyfor为„准备=prepareforEg Wearereadyforthefinalexam=Wearepreparingforthefinalexam
2.havefundoingsth.做什么事有趣
3.take/doexercise做锻炼Eg Theyoftentakes/doesexerciseinthemorning.
4.growup长大Eg Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup.bringup:抚养
5.asymbolof代表=standforEg TheOlympicringsareasymboloftheOlympicGames.Theystandforthefiveparts
6.atleast至少atmost至多Eg Weneedatleastanothertwodaystofinishthetask.Thereare1000studentsinthisschoolatmost.
7.shallwill的区别
8.beafraid„“恐怕”指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.beafraidof„“害怕做„„”如:I’mafraidIwon’tbefree.我恐怕没有空.Heisafraidofdogs.他害怕狗.Theyareafraidoflosingthegame.他们害怕输了比赛.
9.maybe“可能是„„”may是情态动词+bemaybe“或许;可能”maybe是副词如:Hemaybeateacher.=Maybeheisateacher.他可能是一名老师.Hemayknowhername.=Maybeheknowshername.他可能知道她的名字.
10.between在两者之间among在三者或三者当中如:TheanswerisbetweenAandB.答案在A和B之间.Thewinnerisamongofus.获胜者在我们当中.重点短语makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友relayrace接力赛Letsmakeithalfpastsix.让我们定在六点半neckandneck并驾齐驱forthefirsttime第一次finishline终点线Unit2KeepingHealthyTopic1Youshouldbrushyourteethtwiceaday.
1.身体某个部位+ache,表身体某处疼痛如:headache头痛backache背痛stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛
2.medicine“药”(为不可数名词)pill“药片”(为可数名词)如:takesomemedicine吃些药takesomecoldpills吃些感冒药
3.with“含有„”without“没有”后跟动词ing形式Eg hotteawithhoney加蜜的茶coffeewithsugarandmilk加糖和牛奶mooncakewitheggs含鸡蛋的月饼Chineseteawithnothing=Chineseteawithoutanything中国清茶Gotoschoolwithouteatingbreakfast.没吃早饭去上学
4.well康复well是副词,修饰动词作为形容词来用时,是“身体健康”的意思Eg Shedanceswell.well是副词Takecareofyou,you’llbewellsoon.well是形容词good是形容词,“好的”eg Heisagoodboy.
5.You’dbettergotoseeadoctor.你最好去看医生seeadoctor看医生seeadentist看牙医hadbetternotdosth最好(不)做某事Eg You’dbetteraskyourteacherforhelpYouhaveafever,Let’sseeadoctor.Yourlegishurt,you’dbetternotmove.
6.havearest休息一下Eg:Youlooktiredwhynothavearest
7.until“直到„为止”;句中动词一般为延续性动词not„until„“直到„才„”;句中动词一般为短暂性动词如:Hewillwaitforhisfatheruntilteno’clock.他将等他父亲一直到10点为止.Hewon’tleaveuntilhisfathercomes.直到他父亲来他才离开.
8.plentyof„“充足;大量”既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词只用于肯定句相当于alotof„/lotsof„many“许多”修饰可数名词much“许多”修饰不可数名词如:Youshoulddrinkplentyof/alotofboiledwater.你应该喝大量的开水.Youshouldn’tdrinksomuchwater.你不应该喝这么多水.Ihavemany/lotsof/alotof/plentyofbooks.我有许多水.
9.enough做形容词修饰名词放名词之前drinkenoughboiledwater喝足够的热水做副词必须放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.
10.系动词look看起来smelltastefeelbeseemkeepsoundbecome后跟形容词重点短语stayinbed卧床休息feellikedoingsth.想要做某事liedown躺下somethingnew新的东西nothingserious没有什么严重的(不定代词放在形容词之前)lookafter=takecareof照顾helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事becareful=lookout当心askforoneweeksleave请一周的假期worryaboutbeworriedabout担心Whatswrongwithyou=WhatsthematterwithyouIhaveacold/headache/backache.Ihavetheflu.Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis你这样多久了?Howareyoufeelingtoday你今天感觉怎么样?Topic2Imustaskhimtogiveupsmoking.
1.begoodfor„对„„有益bebadfor„对„有害如:Swimmingisgoodforhealth.游泳对健康有益.Readinginstrongsunlightisbadfortheeyes.在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害.
2.enoughadj.“足够的”修饰名词时既可放在名词之前也可放在名词之后.但通常放在名词之前如:Ihaveenoughtime/timeenoughtofinishthiswork.我有足够的时间完成这项工作.Thereisenoughfoodinthefridge.冰箱里有足够的食物.adv.“足够地”修饰形容词或副词时均放在所修饰词的后面.如:Heistallenoughtoreachtheapple.他足够高能够得着苹果.Hespeaksclearlyenough.他讲得足够清楚.
3.need“需要必需”作实义动词:needsth.需要某物needtodosth.需要做某事如:Ineedsomehelp.我需要一些帮助.Youneedtoseeadoctor.你需要去看医生.Heneedstotakeabus.他需要去搭车.作情态动词:need+动词原形如:Ifshewantsanythingsheonlyneedask.她想要什么东西只要开口就行了.Youneedn’tfinishthisworktoday.你不必今天完成这项工作.
4.toomuch+不可数名词表“太多的„”muchtoo+形容词表“太„”,much起加强语气作用如Don’teattoomuchmeat.不要吃太多的肉Heismuchtoofat.他实在太胖了
5.giveup放弃Eg|Inordertokeephealthy,youmustgiveupsmokinganddrinking.
6.Stayinguplateisbadforyourhealth.熬夜有害你的健康.V-ing短语做主语stayup(late)熬夜(到很晚)
6.throwaround乱扔Eg Weshouldn’tthrowlitteraround.
7.inpublic公共的Eg Weshouldn’tsmokeinpublic.
8.morethan超过lessthan少于Eg Therearemorethan1000studentsinthatschool.Idomorningexerciselessthanthreetimesaweek.
9.must“必须一定”如:Wemuststudyhard.我们必须努力学习.must表示推测时一般用于肯定句;在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can否定句中也可用may但maynot表示“可能不”,而cant表示“不可能”;在否定句中,mustnt表示禁止,意为“不允许”以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用needntneednt表示“不需要、不必”,相当于donthaveto如Theressomeoneknockingonthedoor.ItmustheJim.有人敲门肯定是吉姆Eg-Mustwekeepthewindowsopenallthetime-Nowedon’thaveto./Noweneedn’t.注意回答时不能用Nowemustn’t.*haveto“不得不必须”侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而"不得不做某事".(可用于各种时态)如It’stoolate.Ihavetogonow.太迟了.现在我得走了.Ihadtoborrowsomemoneyatthattime.那时我不得不借了一些钱.重点短语beforemeals饭前rightafter就在…之后readinthesun在太阳底下读书giveupdoingsth.keep+宾语+形容词,使…处于某种状态,如keepyouactive使你保持活力keepmewaiting使我一直等着forcesb.todosth.强迫某人做某事because后跟句子,becauseof后跟名词短语besurprisedtodo对做什么事感到吃惊as…aspossible尽可能…的Topic3Mustweexercisetopreventtheflu
1.hurryup赶快
2.prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事
3.goahead交际用语,向前走;着手干Eg Goaheadandyouwillfindabank.-Mr.WangIwanttoaskyouaquestion.-Goahead.
4.buildup使强健Eg:Wemustdoasmuchexerciseaswecantobuildupourbodies.
5.takecareof照顾=lookafterEg:Theboyistooyoungtotakecareofhimself.=Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.
6.It’smydutytosavethepatients.挽救病人是我的职责It’smydutytodosth做„是我的责任Eg It’sourdutytokeeptheclassroomclean.
7.on通过,使用Eg Now,moreandmorestudentslearnEnglishonInternet.
8.keepawayfrom=stayawayfrom远离…
9.talkwithsb.表“与„„交流”指“与人平等地交流、讨论”talktosb.表示“找某人谈话”在口语中常“责备某人”如:Jim’sfatheristalkingwiththeteacher.吉姆的父亲正在和老师交谈.Iwilltalktohimabouthiscareless.我要找他谈话批评他的粗心大意.
10.teachoneself自学=learnbyoneselfEg Hisfamilyistoopoortoaffordhiseducationsoheteachhimselfafterschool.
11.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高兴
12.helpsbtodosth=helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事如:Ihelpedmymothercookathome.=Ihelpedmymotherwiththecookathome.我在家帮我母亲做饭.ringsb.up=callsb.up给某人打电话leaveamessage留口信forgettodosth.忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事trytodosth.尽力做某事if引导条件状语从句,主将从现,如Wewillgohikingifitisfinetomorrow.如果明天天气好,我们就去远足fastfood快餐saynoto+名词,代词,动词ing向…说不the+比较级,the+比较级,越来….越……如Themoreexercisethebetter.。