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英语高考冲刺考点汇总
(11)(SB2-units21-22)
一、单元考点提示
1.词汇memorymarrysinglesquareotherwiseperformweddingmusicalgenerationnowadayspasser-bypatternthoughtgaybefamiliarwithlearnbyheartinpraiseofearnone’slivingpassdowninpraiseofpassonatatimecrueleagerdisturbmentalfortunearrivalprisonerattendinpublicsentence…todeathagooddeedinpeacefallinlovewithmakesureofsufferfromlightafirelet…incallforhelpbepleasedatfornogoodreason
2.句型1Theyusuallywriteexactinstructionsonhowthemusicistobeplayed.2Onfestivalstheyusedtoactandsinginpraiseofheroeswholivedlongago.3ThiswasatatimewhentherewasnoradioTVorcinema.4DrManettehadbeenputintoprisonsothathecouldkeepsilentoverthismatter.5AlthoughLucymarriedCharlesSydneypromisedherthathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforhertomakesureofherhappiness.
3.语法
(1)v.-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语
(2)v.-ing形式作定语和状语
4.交际用语1Ithinkatthebeginningwe’dratherhave…2I’dratherhave…tostart.3Youmusthavebeen…4Shecan’thavebeen…5Shemay/mighthavedone…
二、考点精析与拓展
1.whisperwhisper可用作名词或动词,意为“低语,私语”如whispertosb.对某人耳语;whisperaboutsth./sb.小声议论某事/人;whispersth.tosb.低声告诉某人某事;inawhisper低声地;It’swhishperedthat…私下说……对比saytosb.对某人说;speaktosb.和某人说话;talktosb.和某人说话;explaintosb.对某人解释说;lietosb.对某人撒谎说[应用]完成句子
①老师低声给孩子们讲了个故事Theteacher_________astorytothechildren./Theteachertoldthechildrenastory____________________________________.
②有人私下说史密斯先生的生意在衰败__________________________thatMrSmith’sbusinessisfalling.Key:
①Whispered/inawhisper
②Itiswhispered
2.pass短语归纳passsth.down把某物一代一代传下去;passsth.on将某物传、交给某人;passaway逝世;passby路过,忽视;passsb.sth./passsth.tosb.把某物递给某人;passtheexam/test/law通过考试/测验/法律注意past是介词“过,经过”或名词“过去”;passed是pass的过去式和过去分词如halfpastsix六点半;inthepastfewyears在过去的几年里;Twoweekspassed.两周的时间过去了Hewalkedpastthegate.他从大门口走过[应用]完成句子
①去年他母亲去世了Hismother___________________lastyear.
②这戒指是我家传来来的Thisring______________________________________inmyfamily.
③那本书你看完了给我__________thebook_________________mewhenyou’vefinishedit.
④那个年轻人听到这个消息,由于震惊昏了过去Whentheyoungmanheardthenews.he_________________withtheshock.Key:
①passedaway
②hasbeenpasseddown
③Passonto
④passedout
3.performperformanceperform是动词“履行,表演”,而performance是名词“表演,演出”如:performatask/anoperation/one’sduties/aplay/apart做工作/做手术/尽责任/上演一出戏/演一个角色;performtosb.对某人表演;giveaperformance演出;对比act/playapart扮演角色;putonaplay上演一出戏[应用]完成句子
①他们总是很耐心地做实验Theyalways________theirexperiments_________greatpatience.
②今晚演出什么戏?Whatplay_____________________tonight
③这位歌唱家以前从未在北京演唱过Thesingerhasnever________inBeijing_______.Key:
①performwith
②willbeperformed
③performedbefore
4.befamiliarwithbefamiliartobefamiliarwith的主语是有生命的事,意为“某人对人、事熟悉”;befamiliarto的主语是无生命的事物,意为“某人/事为某人所熟悉”,对比:HeisveryfamiliarwiththenamesofplantsinEnglish.他很熟悉植物的英语名称SuzhouandHangzhouarefamiliartomanyforeigners.苏州和杭州为许多外国人所熟悉I’mnotfamiliarwithEuropeanhistory./Europeanhistoryisnotfamiliartome.我对欧洲历史不太熟悉注意befamiliarwith/to 还表示“精通、通晓”如FrenchisasfamiliartohimasEnglish.他对法语就象对英语一样精通[应用]一句多译
①这些事实是每个学生都熟悉的
②她精通4种语言Key:
①Thesefactsarefamiliartoeveryschoolboy./Everyshoolboyisfamiliarwiththesefacts.
②Sheisfamiliarwithfourlanguages./Fourlanguagesarefamiliartoher.
5.表示“宁愿、想要某人做某事”下列句型均可表示“宁愿、想让某人作某事”wouldlikesb.todosth.;wouldprefersb.todosth.;likesb.todosth;wantsb.todosth.;wouldratherthatsb.didsth.对比wouldlike/lovetodosth.喜欢、宁愿做某事;prefertodosth.宁愿做;wouldratherdosth.宁愿做;wouldlike/lovenottodosth.不想做;wouldrathernotdosth.宁愿不做……;prefernottodosth.不想做;wouldratherdosth.thandosth.宁愿做某事而不做某事;p11refertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿做某事而不做某事[应用]
①一句多译我想让我儿子学医
②选择正确的答案LittleJimshouldlove_______tothetheatrethisevening.MET’92A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingKey:1Iwouldlikemysontostudymedicine./I’dlovemysontostudymedicine/Iwouldratherthatmysonstudiedmedicine./Ilikemysontostudymedicine./Iwantmysontostudymedicine./Iwouldratherthatmysonstudiedmedicine.
②A
6.earngainwinget四个词均有“得到”之意,但earn指经过艰苦努力所得到的报偿,意为“赚得”;gain指作出很大努力而“获得”,所得东西常有一定价值;get是普通词,指不一定需要努力就能“得到”;win意为“赢得”,含有取胜一方具有优越条件而能克服障碍之意这四个词有时可通用[应用]英译汉
①earnmuchmoney/aprize/one’sliving
②gainavictory/experience/thefirstprize/tendollars/aliving/success/thebattle/adoctor’sdegree
③getone’shelp/fullmarksKey:
①挣得很多钱/获奖/谋生
②获胜/取得经验/获得一等奖/赚10美元/谋生/获得成功/赢得战斗/获博士学位
③得到某人的帮助/得满分
7.singlenotasinglesingle是形容词,有“单一的,单个的,单身的,唯一的”意义;notasingle表示“一个也没有”,起强调作用,位于句首时引起倒装如remainsingle尚未成婚;thesingleperson唯一的人;asinglebed/ticket/man/room单人床/单程票/独身男子/单人房间Hedidn’tmakeasinglemistakeintheexam./Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam.他在考试中没出一处错误[应用]汉译英
①今天上午这个商店里一个人也没有
②他是能帮助我们的唯一的人Key:
①Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheshopthismorning.
②He’sthesinglepersonthatcanhelpus.
8.in+名词+ofinpraiseof为……颂扬、歌颂;inhonourof为纪念,为了向某人表示敬意;inmemoryof为了怀念;infavourof赞同,支持;inplaceof代替;inchargeof负责;insearchof寻找;inneedof需要注意上述短语多用作表语、状语或定语[应用]完成句子,句意不变
①Thisisabookwhichsingshighpraiseforpioneers.Thisisabook________________________pioneers.
②Theystartdoffatoncetolookforthemissinggirl.Theystartedoffatonce_____________________themissinggirl.
③Weallagreetoyourplan.Weareall____________________yourplan.
④Weusrplasticsinsteadofwoodormetal.Weuseplastics_______________________woodormetal.Key:
①inpraiseof
②insearchof
③infavourof
④inplaceof
9.praise短语归纳praise可用作名词或动词,均表示“赞扬,表扬”如singhighpraisefor高度赞扬;praisesb.for因……而赞扬其人;receivepraisefromsb.得到某人的称赞;winhighpraise受到高度赞扬;givepraisetosb.表扬某人[应用]完成句子
①校长高度赞扬了他的勇敢行为Theheadmaster__________________________________hisbravedeed.
②他经常帮助别人,因而得到同学们的赞扬Heoftenhelpsotherssohe_____________________________hisclassmates.Key:
①sanghighpraisefor
②receivespraisefrom
10.one…theothersome…othersone…theother相当于one…one表示两者中的“一个另一个”;some…others表示许多中的“一些,另外一些”;some…theothers表示“一些,其余所有的”对比Hehastwocompanise.OneisinChinaandtheotherisintheStates.他有两家公司,一家在中国,另一家在美国Inwintersomebirdswillflyawayandotherswillsstayhere.冬天,一些鸟飞走了,另外一些留了下来Somestampsarenewandtheothersareallones.有些邮票是新的,其余全是用过的[应用]选择正确答案
①SomepeopleliketostayathomeonSundaybut_______liketogotothecinema.NMET’85A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.otherone
②OfthethreeforeignguestsoneisfromLondon_________twoarefromNewYork.80年高考key:
①C
②B
11.suffer
①用作及物动词,意为“遭受,蒙受,受到,忍受”如sufferloss/pain/punishment/defeat/wrong/hardship/discouragement/disappointment/unfair/treatment/hunger遭受损失/疼痛/遭到惩罚/遭到失败/受到冤枉/忍受艰难/失去勇气/灰心丧气/受到不公正对待/挨饿
②用作不及物动词,意为“受痛苦、受损失,折磨,受惩罚”,与from搭配如:sufferfromheadache/lossofmemory/badhealth患头疼/患有遗忘症/身体不好;sufferalotfromastrangeillness因怪病吃了不少苦[应用]汉译英
①那个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏
②他们在战争中遭受了巨大痛苦Key:
①Thecitysufferedseriousdamagefromtheearthquake.
②Theysufferedagreatdealinthewar.
12.ways后的定语从句修饰ways方法,方式的定语从句其关系词可以用inwhichthat也可省略关系词,但不能直接使用which.如Ifeelangryaboutthewaythathehastreatedme./Ifeelangryaboutthewayinwhichhehastreatedme.我对他对待我的方式感到生气对比Hefoundawaythat/whichledtosuccess.way在从句中作主语他找到了一条通往成功的路[应用]单句改错
①Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoulaughather.
②Theydidn’ttotheexperimentthewayinthatwedonow.key:
①在which前加in或改which为that
②改that为which或去掉in
13.reasonforthis/thatreason因为这个/那个原因fornogoodreason没有正当的理由;forasimplereason因为一个很简单的原因;forsomepoliticalreasons因为政治原因;forthereasonofhealth由于健康原因;giveareason提供理由注意reason词后的表语从句用that引导,定语从句多用why引导,偶尔用which引导[应用]用适当的连词填空
①Hisreasonforbeinglatewas________hemissedthebus.
②Thereason__________hedidn’tcometoschoolwasthathewasill.
③Thedoctorgavereason________couldn’texplainthefailureoftheoperation.Key:
①that
②why
③which/that
14.disturbinterruptdisturb有“打扰,扰乱,使(人)心神不宁”之意如disturbthesleepingchild/one’splan/thepiblicpeace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安;bementallydisturbed精神上受到影响;bedisturbedabout对……感到不妥对比interrupt有“打断,打扰”之意,侧重打断如Don’tinterruptmewhileI’mbusy.我忙的时候不要打扰我[应用]完成句子
①她获悉母亲得急病后感到心神不安Shewas________________hermother’ssuddenillness./Shewas_______________hearofhermother’ssuddenillness./Shewas________________thenewsofhermother’ssuddenillness.
②不要打断那位演讲者,他讲完再问你的问题Don’t_________thespeaker;askyourquestionafterthemeeting.Key:
①disturbedabout/disturbedto/disturbedby
②interrupt
15.情态动词+不定式完成式
①musthavedone表示对过去事情的肯定猜测,只用在肯定句中,意为“一定,想必”如Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.MET’89我没有听见电话玲声,我一定是睡着了
②may/mighthavedone表示对过去情况的推测,用于肯定句,含有“可能,或许”之意如Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelpeventhoughhewasverybusy.MET’90即使他很忙,他也可能更多地帮助你的
③couldhavedone表示与过去事实相反的推测,含有“本来可以”之意如Hecouldhavefinishedthejobbuthewasveryill.他本来可以完成那项工作的,但病得太厉害了
④can’t/couldn’thavedone表示对过去行为的否定推测,含有“不大可能,决不会”之意如Icouldn’thavelivedthroughChristmaswithoutgivingyouapresent.不送你一件礼物,我简直过不了圣诞节
⑤should/oughttohavedone表示过去应该做而未做的动作,意为“本应该……”;shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone表示“本不应该……”两者均含批评,责备之意如Jennyshouldhavekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.MET’91珍妮本应该遵守诺言,我不知道她为什么改变了主意Weshouldn’thavewaitedforherbecauseshenevercame.MET’88我们本不应该等她,因为她是不会来的
⑥needn’thavedone表示一种不必要的过去行为,意为“本来不必……”如Youneedn’thavegonethereyesterday.你昨天就没有必要到那里去
⑦wouldlike/lovetohavedone表示过去希望做但未做的事,意为“本来想……”如Wewouldliketohavegonetoseethefilmbutwehadnotime.我们本来很想去看那部电影,但没有时间
⑧was/weretohavedone表示未完成的计划或安排,含有“本来打算”之意如Hewastohaveboutghtanewcamera.他本来想买一架新像机的[应用]选择正确答案
①Iwouldlove________tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.NMET’97A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone
②—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—OhdidyouYou_________withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed
③Therewasplentyoftimeshe_________.MET’87A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurried
④Tomoughtnotto__________meyoursecretbuthemeantnoharm.MET’93A.haveoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold
⑤ItoldSallyhowtogettherebutperhapsI__________forher.MET’94A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout
⑥—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It________acomfortablejourney.NMET’95A.can’tB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeenKey:
①D
②A
③D
④A
⑤C
⑥D
16.sayspeaktelltalk四个词均有“说”之意,但用法不同1)say:“说,说话”,着重于说的内容可以引出直接或间接引语说出具体的话如sayitinEnglish用英语说;saytosb.对某人说;saysth.tosb.对某人说某事;sayhellotosb.向某人问好;It’ssaidthat…据说……;Theradiosays…广播中说……;Theblackboardsays…黑板上写着……;Today’spapersays…今天的报上说……;Thebooksays…书上说……;Thatistosay.也就是说注意say是及物动词,应带宾语误Hedidn’tsay.正Hedidn’tsayit.2speak:“说,讲”,强调说的动作,一般用作不及物动词,指说语言时及物如speakinalowvoice小声说;speaklouder大声说;speakto/withsb.和某人说话;speakof说到;speakabout说到有关的;learntospeak学说话;speakontheradio/onTV做广播/电视讲话;speakatthemeeting在会上发言;speakEnglish说英语;strictlyspeaking严格说来3tell“告诉,讲”,是及物动词,可接双宾语或复合宾语如tellsb.sth./tellsth.tosb.告诉某人某事;tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事;tellsb.of/about给某人讲述;tellalie/astory/thetruth/thetime/thedifference撒谎/讲故事/讲实话/报时/说出区别;tell…from辨别,区分4talk:“讨论,谈论”,指通过谈话交换思想、意见、消息,有“相互交谈”之意,是不及物动词如talkof/about谈论、议论;talkto/withsb.和某人交谈;haveatalkwithsb.和某人交谈[应用]选择正确答案
①—Whatdidyouthinkofherspeech—She__________foronehourbutdidn’t_________much.NMET’95A.spokespeakB.spokesayC.saidspeakD.saidsay
②Idon’tknowtherestaurantbutit’s__________tobequiteagoodone.NMET’94A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked
③WhenmysisterphonedmeIcouldnothearclearlywhatshewas______.82年高考A.speakingB.talkingC.tellingD.saying
④Icanhardly_________thedifferencebetweenthesetwowords.81年高考A.pointB.speakC.talkD.tellKey:
①B
②A
③D
④D
17.atwiththrough表原因三个介词都可表示原因,at表示听到或看到的原因;with表示人体外部的原因;through强调自身的原因如besadatthenews听了这个消息而悲伤;befrightenedatthesight看了那个情景而害怕;jumpupwithjoy高兴地跳了起来;turnredwithanger气得脸红;shakewithcold/fear冻得/害怕得发抖;withpleasure高兴地;withpride骄傲地;withsatisfaction满意地;makethemistakethroughhiscarelessness由于粗心而出错;beputintoprisonthroughnofaultofhisown没有任何罪过被关进监狱[应用]汉译英
①听到这个消息,全国人民处于悲哀之中
②孩子们高兴地跳了起来
③由于大意他犯了这个错误Key:
①Atthenewsthewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.
②Thechildrenjumpedupwithjoy.
③Hemadethemistakethroughhiscarelessness.
18.takeuptakedown
①takeuparms/guns/knives/Japanese/toomuchroom/thewholeday/thecry/thesong拿起武器/拿起枪/拿起刀子/开始学日语/占太多的空间/占了整整一天的时间/喊起来/唱起来
②takedowntheoldpicture/whathesaid取下旧画/记录下他说的话[应用]完成句子
①他20岁时开始写作He___________________________attheageoftwenty.
②会议占了整个上午的时间Themeeting__________________thewholemorning.Key:
①tookupwriting
②tookup
19.sentence短语归纳sentence用作名词或动词,有“宣判,判决”之意如:passsentenceonsb.判某人的刑;announcesentenceonsb.宣布对某人的判决;serveone’ssentence服刑;besentencedtohardlabour被判服苦役;besentencedtosixmonthsinprisom被判处六个月监禁;beunderthesentenceofdeath/besentencedtodeath被判处死刑;havesb.sentencedtodeath判某人死刑;sentencesb.todeath判某人死刑;receiveasentenceoftwoyears被判两年徒刑[应用]完成句子
①一个凶手被判三年徒刑,另一个被判处死刑Onemurdererwas____________threeyearsinprisonandtheotherwassentenced________________.
②那小偷被判5年监禁Thethief_______asentence_______5yearsinprison.Key:
①sentencedtotodeath
②receivedof
三、精典名题导解题1(NMET2001)TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which分析B该题考查代词用法做题的关键是弄清but引导的并列分句中作主语的代词究意是用来代表替前一个分句主语TheParkers还是宾语anewhouse.由空白后willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein的语境可以确定,此空的代词是用来代替anewhouseit和one都可以代替前文提过的单数可数名词,以避免重复,但it表特定之物one表泛指之物,故最佳答案为B题2_________isgoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.walkingC.TowalkD.Walk分析B本题考查非谓语动词的用法辨别名词作主语,不定式作主语和动名词作主语的区别a/thewalk作名词用时,是指某一次的散步,不定式指具体的动作,动名词则是指抽象、一般意义的概念题3Ican’tdrivethistractorbecauseI’mnotfamiliar________thecontrols.A.toB.withC.forD.in分析Bsb.befamiliarwithsth.某人对某事熟悉sth.befamiliartosb.某事对于某人熟悉题4Jessicaisgoingto________aprettyofficegirl.A.marryB.getmarriedC.marrytoD.marrywith分析Amarry一词为及物动词,sb.marrysb.某人与某人结婚,sb.begetmarriedtosb.某人嫁给某人后一句型强调状态,可以与线性时间状语连用此句题干中有girl,正确答案为A题5AsfarasIknowtherearealtogetherfourbasic_________ofblood.A.kindsB.sortsC.typesD.packs分析Ckind和sort是种类意思,type为型号的意思题6(NMET1998)—IstayedathotelwhileinNewYork.—OhdidyouYou________withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed分析A从didyou可知,对话前并不知“Barbara在纽约期间是待在旅馆里的”,根据这一事实故不能选D因对过去事情,所以不能选B和C题7(NMET2001)Wedidn’tplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit_______verywell.A.workedoutB.triedoutC.wentonD.carriedon分析A该题考查根据语境选择适当的短语动词的能力四个选项均为短语动词,但所表达的意义不同workout制定,计算出,进行情况良好,得到圆满解决,(情况)发展得(进行得)……;tryout试验,试用;goon继续,进行;carryon继续下去,开展,从事此题干扰最大的是C和D项,其实goon与carryon为同义词组,均为continue之意,强调“继续”、“持续”workout 强调“(势态)发展的结果”,在此处作“(情况)发展得……”解根据主句Wedidn’tplanourartexhibitionlikethat的语境及but所表示的转折意义判断,最佳答案为A题8Therearealotofpeasants________inthericefields.A.whoworksB.whoworkedC.workD.working分析Dpeasant之后是一个定语成分,可以是定语从句,也可以是一个分词短语A、B两项虽是定语从句,但结构和时态明显错误,所以只能选D题9Theoldmanwalkedinthestreet_________byhisson.A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.follow分析B从byhisson可以看出theoldman被跟随,所以选择B。