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八年级下册重点语法和短语Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots重点语法一般将来时态的应用 do/does的一般将来时态形式shall/willdo do/does的一般将来时态的被动语态shall/willbedone一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式肯定句例句Peoplewillhaverobotsinafewyears.否定句例句Peoplewillnot/wonthaverobotsinafewyears.一般疑问句例句Willpeoplehaverobotsinafewyears特殊疑问句例句Whatwillpeoplehaveinafewyears重点短语wont=willnot theyll=theywill shell=shewill hell=hewill Ill=Iwill fallinlovewithsb./sth.爱上(某人/某物) beabletodosth.能够做某事 cometrue实现 inthefuture未来 hundredsof数以百计的 thousandsof数以千计的 lookforsb./sth.寻找(某人/某物) will→would情态动词will的原形和过去式 may→might情态动词may的原形和过去式Unit2WhatshouldIdo重点语法过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法) do/does的过去将来时态形式should/woulddo do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态should/wouldbedone过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式肯定句例句Youshouldwritealettertohim.否定句例句Youshouldntwritealettertohim.一般疑问句例句ShouldIwritealettertohim特殊疑问句例句WhatshouldIdo重点短语keepsb.out不让某人进入 Whatswrong=Whatsthematter=Whatstheproblem怎么了? outofstyle不时髦的;过时的 callsb.up给某人打电话 payforsth.为某事付款 part-timejob兼职工作 thesameas=besameto/with与……同样 instyle时髦的;流行的 geton[well]withsb.=getalong[well]withsb.与某人相处(好) didnt=didnot couldnt=couldnot as...aspossible尽可能……eg/assoonaspossible尽快 allkindsof各种;许多 ontheonehand一方面 ontheotherhand另一方面 asksb.forsth.=asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事 asksb.nottodosth.请求某人不要做某事 spendmoneyonsth.=spendmoney[in]doingsth.花钱做某事 sth.costsb.money某人花钱为了某事 takesb.sometimetodosth.花某人时间做某事 findout查明 findsb.doingsth.发现某人做某事 beangrywithsb.生某人的气 beangryatsth.生某事的气 thesameageas=asoldas与某人年龄一样 havefightwithsb.与某人打架 learntodosth.学会做某事 not...until...直到……才…… comparesth.Awithsth.B把某事A与某事B作比较 itstimeforsth.=itstimetodosth.到该做某事的时间了 maybeadv.或许 maybe(情态动词+动词原形)可能是 shall→should情态动词shall的原形和过去式 pay→paid→paid动词pay的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit3WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived重点语法过去进行时态 do/does的过去进行时态形式was/weredoing do/does的过去进行时态的被动语态was/werebeingdone过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式肯定句例句IwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlanded.否定句例句IwasntwalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlanded.一般疑问句例句WereyouwalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlanded特殊疑问句例句WhatwereyoudoingwhenaUFOlanded动词when和while的选择when后加瞬间动词,while后加延续性动词例句TheboywaswalkingdownthestreetwhentheUFOlanded. =WhiletheboywaswalkingdownthestreettheUFOlanded.感叹句结构1How+adj.+the+主语+谓语动词 =2What+a/an+[adj.]+n.+主语+谓语动词例句Whatabeautifulflower[itis]! =Howbeautifulthefloweris! Whatbeautifulflowers[theyare]! =Howbeautifultheflowersare!重点短语getout出去;离开 takeoff起飞 runaway逃跑;跑掉 comein进来 hearabout=hearof听说 takeplace发生 as...as像……一样eg/asoldashim像他一样老 anywhere=everywhere=hereandthere任何地方 thinkabout考虑 thinkof认为 getup=getoutofthebed起床 atthedoctors在诊所 everyday每一天 everydayadj.日常的 mostadj.大部分 themost最多的 inspace在太空中 nationalhero民族英雄 allovertheworld=intheworld全世界Unit4HesaidIwashard-working.重点语法宾语从句结构主语+谓语动词+宾语从句主语+谓语动词+宾语/表语例句----ImgoodatEnglish.Hesays.改为加宾语从句的复合句 ----HesaysImgoodatEnglish.注意
①主句是一般现在时态,宾语从句的时态不受其影响 例句HesaysImgoodatEnglishnow. HesaysIwasgoodatmathematicswhenIwasyoung.
②主句是过去时态,宾语从句也要用过去时态 例句HesaidIwasgoodatmathematicswhenIwasyoungyesterday. HesaidIwasgoodatEnglishnowyesterday.
③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态 例句Ourteachersays24hoursmakeaday. Ourteachersaidthesungivesussomanyenergyyesterday.
④动词原形不能作主语,必须用其-ing形式 例句Shesaidhelpingotherschangedherlife.重点短语directspeech直接引语 reportedspeech=indirectspeech间接引语 firstofall=atfirst首先 passon传递 besupposedtodosth.应该做某事 begoodat=dowellin在某方面做得好 ingoodhealth身体健康 getover克服 openup打开 carefor=takecareof=lookafter照料;照顾 notanymore=notanylonger=nolonger不再 haveacold感冒 end-of-yearexam年终考试 getnervous变得紧张 forgettodosth.忘记做某事(该事未做) forgetdoingsth.忘记做某事(该事已做) its+adj.+[forsb.]+todosth.做某事[对某人来说]……(加形容词) Unit5Ifyougotothepartyyoullhaveagreattime!重点语法if引导的条件状语从句结构主句+if+条件状语从句 if+条件状语从句+[comma]+主句注意在if引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态例句Youllhaveagreattimeifyougototheparty. =Ifyougotothepartyyoullhaveagreattime.重点短语takeaway拿走 aroundtheworld=allovertheworld在世界各地 makealiving谋生 allthetime=always一直 Whatstheproblem=Whatsthematter=Whatswrong怎么了? inordertodosth.为了做某事 makesb.dosth.使得某人做某事(to省略,该结构是一个不带to的不定式) makesb.adj.使得某人……(加形容词) makesb.done使得某人被做 befamousfor为……而出名 befamousas作为……而出名 inclass在课堂上 spend...time/moneyonsth.=spend...time/moneyindoingsth.花……(时间/钱)用于做某事 seesb.dosth.看见某人做某事(强调整个过程) seesb.doingsth.看见某人做某事(强调偶然性) say→said→said动词say的原形、过去式和过去分词 tell→told→told动词tell的原形、过去式和过去分词 eat→ate→eaten动词eat的原形、过去式和过去分词 speak→spoke→spoken动词speak的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells重点语法现在完成进行时态 do/does的现在完成进行时态形式have/hasbeendoing do/does的现在完成进行时态的被动语态have/hasbeenbeingdone现在完成进行时态所应用的场合
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做
②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响例我已上了三年初中 IhavebeeninJuniorSchoolfor3years. 自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步 Ihavebeenmakingprogresssincehetalkedwithmethattime.现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式肯定句例句Ihavebeenskatingforfivehours.否定句例句Ihaventbeenskatingforfivehours.一般疑问句例句Haveyoubeenskatingforfivehours特殊疑问句例句Howlonghaveyoubeenskating注意瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用例句你借这本书已经多长时间了? Howlonghaveyoubeenkeepingthisbook重点短语runoutof用完;用尽 bytheway顺便说说 beinterestedindoingsth.对某事感兴趣 morethan比……多 faraway在远处 wouldliketodosth.=wanttodosth.=feellikedoingsth.想要做某事 sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物赠送给某人 infact实际上 room房间(用于可数名词);空间(用于不可数名词) common→morecommon→themostcommon形容词common的原级、比较级和最高级Unit7Wouldyoumindturningdownthemusic重点语法mind[ones]doingsth.介意(某人)做某事重点短语notatall一点也不 turndown调节使音量变小 rightaway=inaminute=atonce立刻;马上 waitinline排队等候 cutinline插队等候 hasnt=hasnot keep...down压低声音;使缓和 atfirst=firstofall首先 takecare当心;小心 takecareof=careabout=lookafter关心;照顾 breaktherule违规 obeytherule遵守规定 putout熄灭 picksth.up捡起某物 waitforsb.等候某人 dependon依赖;依靠 getback=return要回 mean→meant→meant动词mean的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit8Whydontyougetherascarf重点语法询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事 whydontyoudosth.=whynotdosth. 例句Whydontyougetheracamera=Whynotgetheracamera whatabout=howabout 例句Howaboutsometennisballs=Whataboutsometennisballs重点短语fallasleep入睡 giveaway赠送;分发 hearof=hearabout听说 takeaninterestin=beinterestedin对……感兴趣 makefriendswith与……交友 makeprogress取得进步 keep→kept→kept动词keep的原形、过去式和过去分词 feed→fed→fed动词feed的原形、过去式和过去分词 fall→fell→fallen动词fall的原形、过去式和过去分词 hear→heard→heard动词hear的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoanamusement重点语法现在完成时态 do/does的现在完成时态形式have/hasdone do/does的现在完成时态的被动语态have/hasbeendone 现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响例句我去年去过美国,那是我第一次出国 IhaveeverbeentoAmerica.Itsthefirsttimeformetogoabroad.重点短语haveagreattime=haveagoodtime=havefun=enjoyoneself玩得高兴 onboard在船上 endupdoingsth.结束做某事 allyearround=allovertheyear终年 understand→understood→understood动词understand的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit10Itsanicedayisntit重点语法反意疑问句反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成,或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成例句Hesastudentisnthe Shesnothismotherisshe回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实来回答若事实是肯定的,则必须用yes回答若事实是否定的,则必须用no回答例句你还没有准备好,对吧? Yourenotreadyareyou 是的,我没有准备好 NoImnot. 不,我准备好了 YesIam.重点短语lookthrough浏览 comealong出现;发生 getalong相处 atleast至少 atmost至多 athank-younote感谢信 forget→forgot→forgotten动词forget的原形、过去式和过去分词 little→less→least形容词little的原级、比较级和最高级 many/much→more→most形容词many/much的原级、比较级和最高级。