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高一定语从句语法归纳及练习
一、基本概念
(一)定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句
(二)先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象
(三)关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分关系代词有whowhomwhichthat和whose另外,as也可充当关系代词关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语关系副词有whenwhere和why在定语从句中充当状语
二、关系代词的用法
(一)基本用法根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词如下表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语,宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmotherwhomwhich和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboywhomsheloveddiedinthewar.whose人,物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人,物主语,宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.SheisthepopstarthatIwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语,宾语ThebookwhichIgaveyouwasworth$
10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人,物主语,宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略例如(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)
①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek(作主语)
②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.(作主语)
③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.(作宾语)
④Thisisthenewsecretarywho/whom/thatIwouldliketointroducetoyou.(作宾语)
⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.(作定语)注意关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能(见上例
③④)
(二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况2whichthat在代替物时,一般可以通用但在有些情况下,只用that⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时例如
①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.
②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.⑵先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时例如
①ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.
②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.⑶先行词是allmuchlittlesomethingeverythinganythingnothingnone等代词时例如
①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑷先行词前面有theonlytheveryanyfewlittlenoallmuchevery等修饰时例如
①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
②Thelittlemoneythathehadwasstolen.
(三)宜用who而不用that的一些情况⑴先行词是oneonesanyone时例如
①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.
②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.⑵先行词是those时例如
①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.
(四)其它情况⑴先行词既有人又有物时例如
①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout
②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.⑵主句已有疑问词who或which时例如
①Whichisthebikethatyoulost
②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting
(五)与whose有关的问题⑴whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物例如
①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.
②Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时,亦可用ofwhich的形式例如
①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.3→Thebuildingtheroofofwhichyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.或→Thebuildingofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时,介词可以前提至关系代词前例如HaveyouseenthepenwhichIwrotethenotewithjustnow(which作介词with的宾语)→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow但是,要注意的是⑴介词前提后,先行词是人或物,关系代词分别只能用whom和which,而不再用that或who⑵介词前提后,关系代词不再能省略⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提,如lookforlookaftertakecareof等例如
①错误Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto正确Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking或Whoistheoldmanthat/whomyouweretalkingto
②错误Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.正确Thesearethesheepwhich/thattheboytookcareof.
四、关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致例如
①Whoistheguythatisreadingoverthere
②Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover
25000.
③Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.
④Heisoneofthestudentswhousecomputeralotforstudy.
⑤Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.例
③中的all意为“一切”,作单数例
⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人,因此谓语动词也用单数
五、that与whichwhowhom的用法区别
(一)、只用that的情况1.先行词为alleverythinganythingnothinglittlemuch等不定代词时2.先行词被allanyeveryeachmuchlittlenosomefew等修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被theonlythevery修饰时6.句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时
①.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
②.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.
③.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
④.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
⑤.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
⑥.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech
(二)、只用whichwhowhom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which先行词为thoseonehe时多用who
①.Hehasasonwhohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
②.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
③.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.4高一定语从句专项练习
11.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedA.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______Illneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______wellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactory____weareworkingsincethen.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherdayA.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouseinfrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountryA.whoB.whosC.whichD.whose
14.Iminterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisntsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
18.LiMing______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
19.Idontlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_______theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2000workerstwothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
23.Youretheonlyperson______Iveevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who
24.Ilostabook______Icantremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichDwhat
26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./
29.Thisisthereason______hedidntcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
30.Thismachine______formanyyearsisstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter
31.Thereason______hedidntcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;hatD.forwhich;what
32.Heisworkinghard______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it
37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose
40.Smoking_______isabadhabitishoweverpopular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though
41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened---Yeshetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that
42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which
43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
44.Duringthedays________heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburnA.thatB./C.whichD.it
46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that
47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweekA.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere
48.Johngotbeateninthegame_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who
49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich
50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen高一定语从句专项练习
(2)
1.Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines________fromeasttowest.Those________runfromnorthtosoutharecalledavenues.A.running;thatB.run;whoC.running;whoD.run;that
2.Thisisthecase________he’shadallhismoneystolen.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich
3.Mr.SmithwillpayavisittoBeijingthisautumn________wewillenjoytheOlympicGamesin
2008.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.how
4.Theartistwillnotpaintpeopleoranimalsbuthewillpaintanything________.A.thatthelittlegirlaskshimB.thelittlegirlaskshimtoC.forthelittlegirltoaskhimD.whatthelittlegirlaskshim
5.—HowdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagentRobin—Ohthat’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephonenumberisprovided.A.whichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.whose
6.October15thismybirthday________Iwillneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.which
7.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whose
8.ThereareseveralresearchcentersinChina________acertaindiseasecalledBirdFluisbeingstudied.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what
9.Ihopethatthelittle________Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when
10.Thetimeisnotfaraway________moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.A.asB.whenC.untilD.before
11.________isknowntoeverybodyTaiwanisapartofChina.Wemustunifyit.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.What
12.Ishallneverforgettheday________ShenZhouwaslaunched________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.whenwhichB.thatwhichC.whichthatD.whenthat
13.Thebreadmywifemakesismuchbetterthan________youcanbuyatastore.A.thatwhichB.onethatC.thatofwhichD.thisofwhich
14.Thereisnosuchplace_____youdreamofinallthisworld.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as
15.Thepeople________hadbeendamagedbythefloodweregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A.allwhosehomesB.allofwhosehomesC.alltheirhomesD.alloftheirhomes
16.Thehumansaredestroyingnaturedaybydayofcoursewillcauseseverepunishmentfromitsoonerorlater.A.whoB.whenC.onwhichD.which
17.Isthisresearchcenter________youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastyearA.whereB.thatC.theonethatD.theonewhere
18.Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheold________theyswaminit.A.whenB.thatC.whoD.where
19.Themanshowedussoheavyastone________nomancanlift.A.thatB.asC.whichD.and
20.Hestayedthereforquitealongtimeduring________timehelearnedmuchspokenEnglish.A.thatB.thisC.whichD.same高一定语从句专项练习
(3)
1.WhoisthewomanissweepingtheflooroverthereA.whoB./C.thatD.when
2.ThedoctorisleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
3.Hetalkedaboutaheronoonehadeverheard.A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
4.HaveyoureadthebookIlenttoyouA.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
5.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
6.RecentlyIboughtasecond-handcarwasverylow.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhoseC.itspriceD.whoseprice
7.LilyisHelen______youwanttointroducemetoA.thatB.whoC.whomD.thegirl
8.Theprofessorstalkedwithusaboutthebeautifulschoolsandtheexperiencedteachers______theyhadseen.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.what
9.Thisistheonlybus______goestothevillageschool.A./B.thatC.whereD.it
10.Isthereashoparound_______sellsChinaDailyA.whoB.whereC.inwhichD.which
11.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclass_______acceptedascandidateforthepresidentofourStudents’Union.A.whowasB.whowereC.whohasbeenD.whohavebeen
12.Sheisnolongerthesweetlittlegirl______sheusedtobe.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that
13.Isthissinger______songsyoulikebestA.who’sB.whoseC.whichDtheonewhose
14.Hegotangrywith_____wasagainsthisopinion.A.whoB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
15.Anyone_____withwhatIsaidmayraiseyourhand.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree
16.That’sthedog______.A.we’vebeenlookingafterB.afterwhichwe’vebeenlookingC.whatwe’vebeenlookingafterD.we’vebeentakingcarefor
17.Thisisthelasttime______I’llgiveyoualesson.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.as
18.Thefamily_____IstayedwithinParisarecomingtoLondon.A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.whom
19.Thisistheveryknife______Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich
20.Chinahasmanyrivers_____theYangtzeRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich
21.Theusetheyare______thewastehelpstosavealotofmoney.A.madeofB.madefromC.makingupofD.makingof
22.Thattreethebranches_____arealmostbareisaveryoldone.A.whoseB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.ofit
23.Inthedarkstreettherewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
24.WhatisthewaySmiththoughtof______enoughmoneytobuythenewhouseA.gettingB.havinggotC.beinggotD.toget
25.Jackspentasmuchtimeashecould______overhislessons.A.goingB.wentC.goD.togo
26.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature___waterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.whenD.ofwhich
27.Iamimpressedbythefactthathemakesgooduseofeveryminute_____hecanspare.A.thatB.inwhichC.inthatD.when
28.Thisisthelasttime______Iwillwritetoyou.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.as
29.Idon’tliketheway______hespoketome.A.whatB.bywhichC.bythatD./
30.Thetrain______hewastravelingwasdelayedformorethananhour.A.bywhichB.onwhichC.forwhichD.onthat
(4)真题回顾
1.Wewentthroughaperiod_____communicationswereverydifficultinruralareas.2008上海A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
2.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_____theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.2007重庆A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich
3.AnimalssufferedatthehandsofMan______theyweredestroyedbypeopletomakewayforagriculturalhadtoprovidefoodformorepeople.2008江西A.inwhichB.forwhichC.sothatD.inthat
4.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom______theirparentsspeakathome.2008浙江A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one
5.Youcanonlybesureof_____youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.2007安徽A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that
6.Women_____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_____don’t.2006北京A.who/B./;whoC.whowhoD./;/
7.TheBeatles_____manyofyouareoldenoughtoremembercamefromLivepool.2006A.whatB.thatC.howD.as
8.Inanhourwecantraveltoplaces_____wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.2006上海A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what
9.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewasshehadrunbackinthedirection________shehadcome.(2006重庆卷)A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich
10.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.2006福建A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that
11.–Momwhatdidyourdoctorsay-Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.2006四川A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where
12.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.2005江西A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich
13.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.2004全国A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
14.GeorgeOrwell____wasEricArthurwrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.2004全国A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname
15.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear80%________aresoldabroad.2004辽宁A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat高一定语从句专项练习
(1)1-5ACDCA6-10CAAAA11-15CDDAD16-20DBBCB21-25DCDAA26-30CADDB31-35ABADC36-40BDDAB41-45ADCDA46-50BBACB高一定语从句专项练习
(2)1-5ABABC6-10DBBCB11-15BAADB16-20DDABC高一定语从句专项练习
(3)1-5CCAAD6-10DDABD11-15ADBCC16-20ABDAC21-25DCDDA26-30AABDB
(4)真题回顾1-5CBDAB6-10CDCDA11-15DDCDA。