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高中英语阅读理解解题技巧总的前提必须要看懂文章再就是要首先确认题型是哪一类题型此内容包括3种题材5种题型
(1)5种题型的认识
(2)5种题型的解答方法
(3)5种题型在文中一哪些形式出题,在文中哪些要注意分析一,文章特点高考英语考试中阅读理解语篇题材、体裁的多样化,文章3文体有记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等多种体裁,题材社会生活、政治、经济、文化、人物、故事、历史、新闻、广告、科普等,贴近现代生活,有很强的时代感二,题目分析阅读理解多项选择题主要有以下5种题型:主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、、观点态度题、判断推理题等三,出题的目的基于上述测试要点,学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能,才能获取和处理信息1.略读;2.查读; 3.预测下文; 4.理解大意; 5.分清文章中的事实和观点;6.猜测词义7.推理判断; 8,了解重点细节; 9理解文章结构;
10.理解图表信息;
11.理解指代关系;
12.理解逻辑关系;
13.理解作者意图;
14.评价阅读内容
四、(第一节)解题思路分析
(1)主旨大意题阅读理解的问题也以如下形式出现
1.Whatisthebesttitlefor/ofthepassage
2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage
3.Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusaboutinthetext?
4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthearticle/passage/text概括主旨大意的方法有A寻找主题句,有些段落大意在主题句上答案多在文章的首句或末句主题句有的在句首,有的在段中,有的在段尾B寻找关键词,有些段落大意就散落在关键词上 ( 略读或扫读)将阅读重点放在首尾部分(一则省时间,二则目标明确,正确率自然也相应提高了)掌握了找主题句的方法,就可以依据主题句归纳主题但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误,需要同学们注意1.以偏概全即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题2.过于笼统即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证3.把观点强加给作者读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解二细节理解题
一、解题技巧方法 在解这类题时,可采用“找关键词”的办法
1.抓住题干的关键词,带着关键词在文中寻找,(关键词可以是动词,名词为多,不定式或者形容词都可能)可在关键词下面画一直线以示突出在原文出现关键词的地方也需打相同的记号可以突出重点分析,提高准确率也节省时
二、细节理解题题型主要有三种形式问句式,不完整的陈述句和排除法1.问句式(which型问句) A.其发问形式主要有以下几种 Howdidsomethinghappen Whichofthefollowingpeopleshouldnotdoit Whichofthefollowingdidsomebodyhavetodealwith... Whereshouldsomebodydosomething2.不完整的陈述句式 A.常见形式有 Somethingcanbebestclassifiedas . Acertainkindofpersonissomeonewho . Peoplearelookingforbetterwaysto . Accordingtotheauthor“it”wascausedby . 3.排除式 A.常见形式有 WhichofthefollowingareNOTmentionedinthepassage WhichofthefollowingisTRUE WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedin... WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthepassage B.解题技巧(广告类)做这类题时,首先要仔细阅读题后的选项,牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容,然后查读读原文凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的,我们可以在这些信息下面划线,以作为排除的内容
三、细节题常在文章哪些地方设题在这些地方要注意列举处常考细节题
1、特别是Which型和Except型;
2、转折处和对比处常考Howeverbutyetinfactalthough转折unlikeuntilhoweverbut等
3、例子常考推断题和细节题assuchasforexampleforinstancei.e.etc.
4、数字和年代常考文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点
5、最高级和绝对性词汇常考答案具有唯一性mustallonlyanyonealwaysnever或mostfirst.
6、专有名词常考人名、地名等专有名词
7、细节处常考细节题同位语,插入语,定语,长句的后半句,从句,副词,介词,不定式(三,)判断推理题 此题型是阅读理解中较难的题型,多属于深层次理解题在试卷中数量不断增多它要求考生根据上下文的内在联系,充分挖掘文章的深层次内涵
1.推断型问题命题包括以下动词inferimplysuggestconcludeassume.
2.对策1)根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断;2)通过阅读某段或几段内容3)注意要根据文中内容进行推断,不能凭空猜测因果句常考推断题因果连词becausesinceforasthereforesoconsequentlyetc因果动词causeresultin,originatefrometc因果名词basebasisresultconsequence.etc解推断题应注意
1.不要脱离原文只凭自己的想象胡乱推理或只凭常识推理;答案一定要在文章找到依据或理由,分析材料所提供的全部事实
2.特别重视文章的主旨,所选答案的内容一定不能脱离主题大意
3.不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
4.推理的根据来自于上下文
(四)观点态度题常问作者对某事是什么态度主观(subjective)还是客观(objecfive);肯定(positive)还是否定(negative);赞成(approval)还是反对(oppsition)等等解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气解题方法确定作者态度,可以有两种思路
1、问全文主体事物的包括主题,可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度;
2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度,则可以定位到具体相关句,然后确定答案
(五)词义猜测题猜词技巧阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目,这些词、短语、习语要么是生词,要么是熟词新义,单靠平时积累是不够的,还要掌握一定的做题技巧总结如下猜词的方法
1.定义法根据文中的定义、解释猜生词;利用事例或解释猜生词;利用重复解释的信息猜生词
2.指代关系法根据指代关系上下文的进行选择文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指一件事
3.转折关系 根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据上下句的连接词,如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义
4.同位语 根据同位关系进行判断阅读中有时出现新词、难词,后面就跟着一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接
5.标点符号和提示词分号(;)还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义破折号表示解释说明四.猜答案能力该部分主要考查联系上下文,综合分析文章的能力解答此类试题时,同学们首先可以快速地阅读试题所给选项,明确其内容,寻找其关键词句再对关键词语进行详细分析,抓住信息点,仔细辨析备选选项,最后确定对应关系一般不是正确答案项绝对词否决法;答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项这些语气词有:mustalwaysneverthemostallonlyhavetoanynoverycompletelynonehardly等正确答案项怀疑词判断法选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项这些语气词有cancouldmayshouldusuallymightmost大多数moreorlessrelativelybelikelytopossiblewhetherornotnecessarily等正确解的几个特征
1、体现中心思想(包括段落中心)的是解
2、照抄原文的不是解,同义替换的是解
3、含义不肯定的是解,如cancouldmayusuallymightmostmoreorlessrelativelybelikelyto含义绝对的不是解mustalwaysneverthemostallanynoneentirely含义相反的是解
4、具体的不是解,概括性的、抽象的是解
5、带有some的是解someonesomebodysometimesomethingcertain
6、简单的不是解,复杂的是解,字面意思不是解,含义深刻的是解
7、带虚词的解anotherothermoreeitherbothalsobesideadditionalextradifferentsameparticularnearlynotenough
8、“变化”是解changedelayimprovepostponeincrease
9、“重要的、基础的”是解importantnecessityessentialbasisbebasedon高一英语巩固班阅读训练AWhatislanguagefor?Somepeopleseemtothinkitsforpracticinggrammarrulesandlearninglistsofwords—thelongerthelists,thebetter.Thatswrong.Languageisfortheexchange(交流)ofideasandinformation.Itsmeaninglessknowingallaboutalanguageifyoucantuseitfreely.ManystudentsIhavemetknowhundredsofgrammarrules,buttheycantspeakcorrectlyorfluently(流利地).Theyareafraidofmakingmistakes.Oneshouldntbeafraidofmakingmistakeswhenspeakingaforeignlanguage.Nativespeakersmakemistakesandbreakrules,too.BernardSawoncewrote,“ForeignersoftenspeakEnglishtoocorrectly.”ButthemistakesthatnativespeakersmakearedifferentfromthosethatChinesestudentsmake.TheyreEnglishmistakesintheEnglishlanguage.Andifenoughnativespeakersbreakarule,itisnolongerarule.Whatusedtobewrongbecomesright.Peoplenotonlymakehistory,theymakelanguage.Butapeoplecanonlymakeitsownlanguage.Itcantmakeanotherpeopleslanguage.SoChinesestudentsofEnglishshouldpayattentiontogrammar,buttheyshouldntoverdo(做过头)it.Theyshouldputcommunication(交际)first.1.Languageisusedto_____.A.expressoneselfB.practisegrammarrulesC.talkwithforeignersonlyD.learnlistsofwords2.Generally,whenanAmericanoranEnglishmanspeaksEnglish,he___.A.nevermakesmistakesB.oftenmakesmistakesC.cantavoidmakingmistakesD.alwaysmakesmistakes3.“ForeignersoftenspeakEnglishtoocorrectly.”Thissentencemeansthat__.A.foreignersspeakcorrectEnglishB.foreignersspeakincorrectEnglishC.foreignersspeakEnglishaccordingtothegrammarrulesD.foreignersnevermakemistakeswhentheyspeakEnglish4.Iftoomanynativespeakersbreakarule,______.A.whattheyusewillbecomerightB.theyareagainstthelawC.theyshouldsaysorrytoothersD.theywillbecomeheroes5.Whenwespeakaforeignlanguage,weshould______.A.speakinChinesewayB.speakbytherulesC.speaktonativespeakersD.notbeafraidofmakingmistakesCAsonecomestosomecrossroads,heorsheseesasignwhichsaysthatdrivershavetostopwhentheycometothemainroadahead.Atothercrossroads,drivershavetogoslow,buttheydonotactuallyhavetostop(unless,ofcourse,thereissomethingcomingalongthemainroad);andatstillothers,theydonothaveeithertostoportogoslow,becausetheyarethemselvesonthemainroad.MrWilliams,whowasalwaysaverycarefuldriver,wasdrivinghomefromworkoneeveningwhenhecametoacrossroad.Ithada“Slow”sign.Hesloweddownwhenhecametothemainroad,lookedbothwaystoseethatnothingwascoming,andthendroveacrosswithoutstoppingcompletely.Atonceheheardapolicewhistle,sohepulledintothesideoftheroadandstopped.Apolicemanwalkedovertohimwithanotebookandapeninhishandandsaid,“Youdidntstopatthatcrossing.”“Butthesigntheredoesntsaystop”,answeredMrWilliams.“ItjustsaysSlow,andIdidgoslow.”Thepolicemanlookedaroundhim,andalookofsurprisecameoverhisface.Thenheputhisnotebookandpenaway,scratchedhisheadandsaid,“Well,Iminthewrongstreet!”6.MrWilliamswasdriving____oneevening.A.toapartyB.tohisofficeC.homeafterworkD.toworkfromhome7.Whenhewasstoppedbyapoliceman,he_____.A.wasdrivingatahighspeedB.wasdrivingonthemainroadC.wasgoingtostophiscarD.wasdrivingslowly8.Thoughslowly,MrWilliamscontinueddrivingatthecrossingbecause__.A.hedidntseeany“stop”signthereC.hedidnthavetostopB.hepaidnoattentiontothetrafficregulationsD.hewaseagertogethome9.Thepolicemanwas_____atWilliamswords.A.angryB.surprisedC.upsetD.puzzled10.LookingroundMrWilliams,thepolicemanwassurprisedbecause___.A.hemetamadmanB.herealizedthathehimselfwasmistakenC.MrWilliamsdaredtospeaktohimlikethatD.MrWilliamswouldnotapologizetohimEScientistsaretryingtomakethedesertsintogoodlandagain.Theywanttobringwatertothedeserts,sopeoplecanliveandgrowfood.Theyarelearningalotaboutthedeserts.Butmoreandmoreoftheearthisbecomingdesertallthetime.Scientistsmaynotbeabletochangethedesertintime.Whyismoreandmorelandbecomingdesert?Scientiststhinkthatpeoplemakedeserts.Peoplearedoingbadthingstotheearth.Someplacesontheearthdontgetmuchrain.Buttheystilldontbecomedeserts.Thisisbecausesomegreenplantsaregrowingthere.Smallgreenplantsandgrassareveryimportanttodryplaces.Plantsdontletthesunmaketheearthevendrier.Plantsdonotletthewindblowthedirtaway.Whenabitofrainfalls,theplantsholdthewater.Withoutplants,thelandcanbecomedesertmoreeasily.11.Deserts________.A.neverhaveanyplantsoranimalsinthemB.canallbeturnedintogoodlandbeforelongC.arebecomingsmallerandsmallerD.getverylittlerain12.Smallgreenplantsareveryimportanttodryplacesbecause____.A.theydontletthesunmaketheearthevendrierC.theyholdwaterB.theydontletthewindblowthesoilawayD.Alloftheabove.13.Landisbecomingdesertlittlebylittlebecause______.A.plantscantgrowthereB.thereisnotenoughrainC.peoplehaventdonewhatscientistswishthemtodoD.scientistsknowlittleaboutthedeserts14.Whichisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.Scientistsknowhowtochangedesertintogoodland.B.Landbecomesdesertfasterthanscientistscanchangeitbackintogoodland.C.Ifscientistscanbringwatertodesert,peoplecanliveandgrowfoodthere.D.Moreandmoreplacesarebecomingdesertsallthetime.15.Afterreadingthispassage,welearnthat______.A.plantscankeepdrylandfrombecomingdesertB.itisgoodtogetridofthegrassinthedesertsC.allplaceswithoutmuchrainwillbecomedesertsD.itisbettertogrowcropsondrylandthantocutthem。