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Unit18NewZealand学法指导在本单元中,我们将讨论新西兰这个国家的地理、历史知识,请同学们注意相关的词汇,并力求学会用同样的思路描述其他的国家和地区关于语法方面,需要注意it的用法学习要点词汇fisherman:onewhomakesalivingbyfishingsurround:toencloseonallsidesmild:warmandfullofsunshine;pleasant;notsevereharbour:portkiwi:akindofbirdthatlivesinNewZealandandcan’tfly;Itcanalsoreferto“NewZealander”volcano:anopeningintheearthscrustthroughwhichmolten(熔化的)lavaashandgasesarethrownoutsettle:tomoveandliveinanotherplacepossession:wealthorpropertybold:fearlesscourageousbrave;ofprintingwellmarkedmountainous:havingmanymountainscoach:apersonwhotrainsordirectsathletesorathleticteams;amotorbusconference:ameetingforconsultation磋商ordiscussion.relation:relativeexport:tosendortransportgoodsforexampleabroadespeciallyfortradeorsaleship:transport短语liein(on/to)thenorthof/inthenorthernpartof/yourgreat-grandfatheronyourfather’sside/bemadeupof/besurroundedby/befamousfor(as)/beusedtodosth/haveapopulationof…/bemarkedwith/sharetheirmemories/beofhighquality/advisesbtodosth/signanagreementwith/takein/takeoff/takeout/takeplace/takepossessionof/despite/fromearlyon/tryone’sluck/setup/beskilledat/beknowntosb/winthewaragainst…/句型日常交际用语WhereissbfromCanyouexplainwherethatis重点难点突破
1.WhatarethepositionsofthedifferentplacesandwatersinrelationtoChina中国不同地区和水域的位置在哪里?inrelationto关于涉及与…相比Pricesseemhighinrelationtowages.和工资相比,物价似乎偏高Whatdidyousayinrelationtowhathappenedyesterday关于昨天发生的事你说什么了?
2.TheEastChinaSealiestotheeastofZhejiangProvince.东海位于浙江东面1)英语表示方位的名词有eastwestsouthnorthsoutheastnortheastsouthwestnorthwest.2)谈论某地的地理位置时,我们经常用的短语是lie/bein/on/tothenorthof某地位于……的北部BeijingliesinthenorthofChina.北京位于中国北部BeijingliestothenorthofShijiazhuang.北京在石家庄北边HebeiliesonthenorthofHenan.河北位于河南北边注意当某地属于另一地范围内时,用in;当某地不属于另一地范围内,但接壤时,用on;当某地不属于另一地范围内,且不接壤时,用to3)当方位名词用做副词时,前面无介词和冠词Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.adv.=Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacestothesouth.n.=Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacesthesouth.n.我住在窗户朝南的那间屋子里NewZealandiseastofAustralia.新西兰位于澳大利亚的东边Myhometownis100kilometresnorthofXi’an.我的家乡在西安以北100公里处
3.Whereisyourgreat-grandfatheronyourfather’ssidefrom你的曾祖父是哪里人呢?one’sgreat-grandmotheronone’sfather’sside曾祖母one’sgreat-grandfatheronone’smother’sside外曾祖父one’sgreat-grandmotheronone’smother’sside外曾祖母
4.NewZealandisanislandthatliesofftheeasterncoastofAustralia.新西兰是澳大利亚东面的一个岛国offprep.离……一些距离ThereareanumberofislandsoffthesoutheastcoastofChina.中国东南沿海有许多岛屿Didyounoticethehouseoffthemainroad你注意到离大路不远处的房子了吗?
5.Itismadeupoftwolargeislands:NorthIslandandSouthIsland.它由两大岛屿组成北岛和南岛bemadeupof=consistof由……组成Ateamismadeupofnineplayers.=Nineplayersmakeupateam.=Ateamconsistsofnineplayers.一支队由9名队员组成Theaudiencewasmadeupofveryyoungchildren.观众是由非常小的孩子组成的注意比较下面的短语bemadeof…由……制成(看得出原材料)bemadefrom…由……制成(看不出原材料)bemadein…产于某地make…into…把……制成……bemadeoutof…是由……制成的
6.NewZealandissurroundedbythePacificOceantothenorthandeastandtheTasmanSeatothesouthandwest.新西兰北面和东面临太平洋,南面和西面临塔斯曼海surroundvt.围住环绕;Thevillagewassurroundedonallsidesbymountains.这个村子四面环山Hesurroundedthecastlewithahighwall.他在城堡周围建了一堵高墙
7.TheNorthIslandisfamousforanareaofhotspringssomeofwhichthrowhotwaterhighintotheair.北岛是著名的温泉胜地有些温泉的热水能高高地喷向半空befamousfor=bewell-knownfor因……出名befamousas=bewell-knownas以……的身份出名Franceisfamous/well-knownforitsfinefoodandwine.法国以其佳肴和酒著名Thetownisfamous/well-knownasahot-springresort.这个小镇是著名的温泉胜地注意befamousfor是褒义的,而bewell-knownfor还可以是贬义的Heiswell-knownforhislaziness.他的懒惰是出了名的
8.Someofthisheatneartheearth’ssurfaceisusedtomakeelectricity.一些近地面的地热被用来发电注意区分下面的词组beusedtodosth被用来做……be/getusedtosth/doingsth习惯于做……beusedforsth被用于……beusedassth被用作……usedtodosth过去常常做……Aknifecanbeusedtocutthings.刀子可以用来切东西I’vebecomeusedtoavegetariandiet.我已经习惯于素食了Bamboocanbeusedforbuildinghouses.竹子可用于建筑房屋Sometimesapieceofbamboocanbeusedasawalkingstick.有时竹子可用来当拐杖IusedtowritepoemsmyselfwhenIwashisage.我像他那么大的时候常自己写诗
9.Itissome3500kilometresfromPolynesiatoNewZealand.从波利尼西亚到新西兰大约3500公里some=about大约Ithappenedsome/aboutthirtyyearsago.那事发生在大约30年前Some/about500werepresent.大约500人在场注意orso“大约”放在数字后面Theworkwilltakeusaweekorso.那项工作将花掉我们一周左右时间
10.…CaptainJamesCooktookpossessionoftheislandin
1769.在1769年库克船长占领了这个岛possessionun.拥有,占有权cn.东西,财产Doesthepossessionofwealthbringhappiness拥有财富能带来幸福吗?Howdiditcomeintoyourpossession这怎么就成了你的呢?Thefoolishmansoonlostallhispossessions.那个蠢人很快就失去了所有的财产Pleasemoveyourpossessionsfrommyroom.请把你的东西从我房间拿走takepossessionof夺取,没收,拿过来Thesoldierstookpossessionofthesmalltown.士兵们占领了小镇
11.…themaorisignedanagreementwiththesesettlers.毛利人与殖民者签署了一项协议agreementcn.协议signanagreement签署协议cometo/reach/makeanagreement达成协议;取得一致意见breaktheagreement违背协议tearuptheagreement撕毁协议
12.NewZealandhasapopulationofabout
3.8millionofwhichabout14percentareMaori.新西兰人口有3,800,000,其中14%是毛利人1population前加a为抽象名词具体化--WhatisthepopulationofChina中国有多少人口?--Chinahasapopulationof
1.3billion.中国有13亿人Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家Chinahasahistoryof5000years.中国有5000年的历史Theriverhasalengthof1000kilometres.这条河有1000公里长其他常见的还有haveawidth/height/depthof有……宽/高/深2about14percentofthepopulation在定语从句中做主语,其含义是14%的人,是复数概念,所以谓语动词用复数,其他如somepartmosthalftherestall……等做主语,也同样要考虑后边的名词或所指代的东西,是可数名词还是不可数名词,是单数概念还是复数概念,再决定谓语动词的单复数Partofthewaterinthisareaispolluted.这个地区的一部分水被污染了Partofthebuildingsweredestroyedintheflood.一部分建筑在洪水中被毁掉了Allhavearrived.所有的人都到了Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪闪发光的不都是金子70percentofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbywater.地球表面的70%被水覆盖着Halfofthecitychildrenknownothingaboutlifeinthecountry.一半的城市孩子不了解农村生活
13.Sincethemid-1980sgrowingnumbersofAsianshavesettledinNewZealand…从二十世纪八十年代中期起,越来越多的亚洲人到新西兰定居1)numbersof=anumberof一些许多Ihaveanumberof/numbersofthingsthatImustseeto.我有许多事要处理NumbersofpeoplerushedintoCaliforniaforgold.许多人涌向加利福尼亚去淘金2settlev.定居,处理Hesettledinthecountryafterhisretirement.他退休后定居在农村She’llbecomingoverassoonasI’vesettleddown.我一安定下来,她就会过来Imustsettleallmyaffairsbeforeleaving.我必须在离开前处理好所有的事It’stimeyousettledtheargument.是你解决分歧的时候了settlementn.定居点Indiansoftenattackedthelittlesettlementsofthecolonists.印第安人经常袭击殖民者的定居点settlern.定居者TheMaorisignedanagreementwiththeEuropeansettlers.毛利人和欧洲定居者签署了一项协议Earlysettlershadahardlife.早期的移民日子很苦
14.Thehappiereventsaremarkedwithspeechessinginganddancing.那些喜庆的事件常拌有演讲、唱歌和跳舞markv.1)标出,在……上面打上标记使有某种花纹等Everypupil’scoatmustbemarkedwithhisname.每个学生的衣服上都必须标上名字Theleopardsskinismarkedwithblackspots.豹子身上有黑斑点Herfaceismarkedwithsadness.她的脸上带着难过的表情2)批分数,评成绩Theteachermarkedtheexaminationpapers.老师批改考试卷n.标志,记号,分数,斑点,起跑线……Youhaveadirtymarkonyourface.你脸上有个脏点Itisdangeroustoswimbeyondthismark.游泳超出这个标志是危险的Theteachergavemeagoodmarkformystory.老师给了我的故事以好的评分Therunnerswereallquickoffthemark.赛跑运动员很快冲出了起跑线常见词组makeonesmarkon成功;成名Onyourmarksgetsetgo!各就各位,预备,跑!
15.WhensomeonediesalltherelationsoldandyoungcometothemaraefortheMaoriburialservice.当有人去世时,所有的亲戚,无论年长、年少,都来到会场参加葬礼1)relation=relativen.亲戚2service在这里的意思不是“服务”,而是指宗教的仪式,如themorningservice(早祷告),theeveningservice(晚祷告),theweddingservice(婚礼),theburial/funeralservice(葬礼)等
16.Themainexportsofthecountryarewoollambbeefbutterforestproductsfruitandvegetables.这个国家的主要出口产品有羊毛,羊肉,牛肉,黄油,林产品,水果和蔬菜exportn.出口输出;出口货输出品;WoolisoneofthemainexportsofAustralia.羊毛是澳大利亚的主要出口物资之一Theexportofgoldisforbidden.禁止黄金出口v.出口输出排出;Wasteproductsareexportedbybloodthroughthetissue.废物由血液从组织中排出Chinaexportstomanyothercountriesorareas.中国向许多其它国家和地区出口货物反义词importv.n.进口
17.Thedeerarefarmedfortheirmeatandfurwhicharethenshippedtomanyothercountries.人们养鹿以获得鹿肉和皮毛,然后运送到许多其他的国家1farmn.农场;饲养场v.耕作;饲养(畜禽)Hefarms200acres.他耕种了200公顷地Itispracticaltofarmcattleinhillyareas.在山区养殖牲畜是很切合实际的2shipn.船v.用船、火车等运,I’mflyingtoAmericabutmycarisbeingshipped.我将坐飞机去美国,而我的汽车将用船运去Theyplannedtoshipthegoodsbytrain.他们计划用火车运送货物3在英语学习中,我们要注意词性的转化,这样能够帮助我们重新认识记忆这些单词,如名词转化为动词handn.手v.交给;nursen.护士v.护理fooln.傻瓜v.愚弄;mailn.邮件v.邮寄;heatn.热v.加热形容词转化为动词dryadj.干燥的v.使干燥;warmadj.暖和的v.使温暖freeadj.自由的v.使自由;emptyadj.空的v.倒空动词转化为名词lookv.看n.看;walkv.走n.散步;restv.休息n.休息;doubtv.怀疑n.怀疑;cookv.烹调n.厨师cheatv.欺骗n.骗子;tryv.试图n.尝试
18.NewZealandwineisofhighquality…新西兰的葡萄酒品质优良……beof+抽象名词,相当于be+adj,用来描述人或事物的特征Themeetingisveryimportant.=Themeetingisofgreatimportance.这个会很重要Theexperiencemightbeveryhelpfulforhim.=Theexperiencemightbeofgreathelpforhim.这种经历或许对他会有很大帮助Thisisateacherofexperience.=Thisisanexperiencedteacher.这是个有经验的老师Weareofthesameage.我们年龄一样大
19.LivinginacountrywithplentyofspaceandagoodclimateNewZealandersloveallkindsofsportandoutdooractivities.居住在这样一个空旷,气候宜人的国家,新西兰人酷爱各种各样的运动和户外活动outdooradj.(做定语)户外的outdoorsadv.(做表语或状语)indooradj.(做定语)室内的indoorsadv.(做表语或状语)
20.Insummerpeopleliketogosailingswimminghorse-ridingandrock-climbinginthemountains.夏天,人们喜欢去划船,游泳,骑马和在山里攀岩go+doing意思是去干什么如gosailinggoswimminggohorse-ridinggorock-climbinggoskatinggoskiinggohuntinggoshoppinggoboatinggodancing…
21.NewZealandwithitsnaturalbeautymountainsriversandnationalparksalsoattractstouristsfromallovertheworld.由于其自然风光,山脉,河流和自然公园,新西兰吸引了来自世界各地的旅游者attractvt吸引Shewasattractedbytheinterestingadvertisement.她被这有趣的广告吸引住了Flowersattractmanybees.鲜花引来许多蜜蜂attractionn.吸引吸引力吸引人的东西Theideaofworkingforstate-ownedenterpriseshaslittleattractiontoyoungpeoplenowadays.现时去国营企业就职的想法对年青人没有多大吸引力Thetidesarecausedbytheattractionofthemoonfortheearth.潮汐是由月亮对地球的引力引起的TomanypeoplethewaxmuseuminLondonisagreatattraction.对许多人来说,伦敦蜡人馆是个吸引人的地方
22.gunghon.同心协力合作
23.DespitethefactthatNewZealandissofarawaytieshaveexistedbetweenthetwonationsfromearlyon.尽管新西兰位置遥远,两国之间的联系很早就存在了despite=inspiteofprep.不管不顾即使尽管Despitethebadweatherweenjoyedourholiday.尽管天气不好,我们的假期仍过得很愉快
24.Theycometotrytheirlucktofindgold.他们来碰运气,找金子tryone’sluck=tryone’sfortune碰碰运气luckn.运气luckyadj.幸运的反义词unluckyadj.不幸的luckilyadv.不幸的unluckilyadv.fortunen.运气fortunateadj.幸运的反义词unfortunateadj.不幸的fortunatelyadv.unfortunatelyadv.
25.AmongthefirstsettlerstheChineseweremoreskilledatsettingupandrunningbusinesses.在早期的移民中,中国人更擅长经商1skilledadj.熟练的ShewasskilledenoughinFrenchtotranslateanovel.她法语娴熟足以翻译小说beskilledat/indoingsth做某事熟练2)run=organizemanage经营,管理Hisfatherrunsafastfoodrestaurant.他父亲经营一家快餐店
26.it在句子中做主语1Itwas11o’clockwhentheyreachedtheirdestination.(指时间)It’sdampandcold.Ithinkit’sgoingtorain.(指天气)Howfarisitfromheretotheairport(指距离)It’sveryquietinthehall.(指环境)Thereisamanstandingunderthetree.Whocanitbe指心目中想的那个人2it做形式主语,真正的主语为后面的主语从句It’ssuchapleasurethatyouarehere.Itappearsthatheisill.It’sreportedthattheprojectwillbecompletedbytheendofthismonth.3it做形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式IsitnecessarytotellthemthetruthItisimpossibletolivewithoutair.Itisgreatfuntoplaywithsnowinwinter.注意句型Itis+adj.+for/ofsbtodosth其中sb为不定式的逻辑主语,for/ofsbtodosth被称做不定式的复合结构当形容词只能用来描述事时用for;当形容词既可描述事,又可描述人时,用of;如Itisimpossibleforustounderstandhim.Itwasverykindofyoutosendmethisgift.4it做形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动名词:Itisnogoodspendingalottimeoncomputergames.Itisnousetalkingwithhimoverthismatter.注意形式主语it不可以用thisthat代替Itliesin/on/totheeastof…Itistoobadthatyoumissedthetrain.Itis…for/ofsbtodosth.Itis…doingsth。