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高一英语第一学期重点和难点重点:句子的成分和种类状语、定语、名词性从句重点词汇和句型难点翻译的技巧时态(含现在完成进行时和将来完成时)及语态(含主动表被动)高一英语讲义教学对象:新高一教学时长:2个小时教学重难点:
1.英语句子成分解
2.英语句子种类讲解教学过程:一:导入:自我介绍及简单的师生交流二:新知识点讲授1英语简单句的五种基本结构S+V是主谓 S+V+DO是主谓加双宾 S+V+P是主谓宾 S主语+V谓语+I间接宾语+D直接宾语 S主语+V动词+O宾语+Complement补语 下面是讲解
1.Subject主语+Verb谓语 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有appearapologizearrivecomediedisappearexistfallhappenrise等等如 Thestudentsworkveryhard.学生们学习很努力 Sheapologizedtomeagain.她再次向我道歉 Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening.事故是昨天晚上发生的
2.Subject主语+Link.V系动词+Predicate表语 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类 1表示状态的连系动词这些词有belookseemappearsmelltastesoundkeepremain等等如 Severalplayerslayflatontheplayground.几个队员平躺在操场上 Weshouldremainmodestandprudentanytime.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎 Thiskindoffoodtastesterrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕 Thepicturelooksmorebeautifulatacertaindistance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些 2表示转变或结果的系动词这些词有becomegetgrowturngocomeprove等等如 Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和 Donthavethefood.Ithasgonebad.不要吃那种食物,已经变质了 Thefactsprovetrue.事实证明是正确的
3.Subject主语+Verb谓语+Object宾语 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语作宾语的成分常是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句如 Youcanputthebooksinyourbag.你可以把书放在书包里 Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜 Shelostthechancetomakeherappearanceonthestage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会 Iprefertomakewebpages.我更喜欢做网页
4.Subject主语+Verb谓语+Indirectobject间接宾语+Directobject直接宾语 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”如 Yesterdayherfatherboughtherabicycleasabirthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物 TheoldmanistellingthechildrenstoriesintheLongMarch.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型1动词+宾语+forsb.;2动词+宾语+tosb.如 Pleaseshowmeyourpicture. -Pleaseshowyourpicturetome. 请把你的画给我看一下 Illofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudontloseheart. —Illofferagoodchanceforyouaslongasyoudontloseheart. 只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的
5.Subject主语+Verb动词+Object宾语+Complement补语 这种句型中的宾语+补语可统称为“复合宾语”担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等如 Keepthechildrenquietplease.请让孩子们安静下来 Hepaintedthewallwhite.他把墙漆成白色 Wefoundhimanhonestperson.我们发现他是一个诚实的人 Hismothertoldhimnottoplayonthestreet.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩 注意动词havemakeletseehearnoticefeelobservewatch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to如 Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作2英语句子种类两种分类法按句子的用途可分四种1)陈述句(肯定、否定)Heissixyearsold.Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)DotheylikeskatingHowoldisheIshesixorsevenyearsoldMarycanswimcan’tshe3)祈使句Becarefulboys.Don’ttalkinclass4)感叹句Howclevertheboyis!Whatacleverboyheis!按句子的结构可分三种1)简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2并列句由并列连词(andbutor等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的3)复合句含有一个或一个以上从句的句子英语从句包括名词性从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句和同位语从句定语从句和状语从句等TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.三.练习判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句
1.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.
2.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.
3.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.
4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatseven.
5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.
6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.
7.Neitherhashechangedhismindnorwillhedoso.
8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportantisn’tit四.英语句子成分分析讲解英语句子成分讲解
一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物Thesunrisesintheeast.名词Helikesdancing.代词Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.数词Seeingisbelieving.动名词Toseeistobelieve.不定式Whatheneedsisabook.主语从句Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语附带复习一下it作形式主语的一些用法:当主语部分太长时为了句子平衡采用it作形式主语所谓形式是指句子的真正主语将在句子末段出现
1.itis+名词+从句:Itisasurprisethatyougivesuchananswertothisquestion.
2.itis+形容词+从句:Itiscertainthatfreemedicalcarewillbegiventomostpeopleinourcity.
3.It+动词+从句:Itappearedthathehadatasteformusic.
4.Itbe+分词+从句:ItissaidthatLiTaohasbeentoEurope.
二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征Heisateacher.名词Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.代词Fiveandfiveisten.数词Heisasleep.形容词Hisfatherisin.副词Thepictureisonthewall.介词短语Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.形容词化的分词Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoorIcan’tbuyaring.”不定式Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.表语从句常见的系动词有:besound听起来,look看起来,feel摸起来,smell闻起来,taste尝、吃起来,remain保持,仍是,feel感觉….Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.
三、宾语1动作的承受者——动宾IlikeChina.名词Hehatesyou.代词HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.数词Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.动名词Ihopetoseeyouagain.不定式Didyouwritedownwhathesaid宾语从句2介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnowtherearemanyrocks.3双宾语——间宾指人和直宾指物Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
四、宾补对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语Weelectedhimmonitor.名词Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.名Wewillmakethemhappy.形容词Wefoundnobodyin.副词Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语Don’tlethimdothat.省to不定式Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.带to不定式Don’tkeepthelightsburning.现在分词I’llhavemybikerepaired.过去分词
五、主补对主语的补充Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.www.oh
100.com
六、定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.名词Heisourfriend.代词Webelongtothethirdworld.数词Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.形容词Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.副词Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.介词TheboysplayingfootballareinCla
2.现在分词Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.过去分词Ihaveanideatodoitwell.不定式YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.定语从句
七、状语用来修饰v.adj.adv.or句子表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步以下例句按上述顺序排列Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhardyouwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyounghecandoitwell.五.练习。