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新目标人教版八年级英语语法知识讲解 重难点知识讲解形容词的比较级和最高级
1、比较级的定义大多数的形容词都有三个级别原级、比较级、最高级其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用muchevenalittle修饰,其中evenmuch只能修饰比较级
二、比较级的构成
(1)规则变化
①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg:calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter
②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r Eg:nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
③以“辅音+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er” Eg:early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加-er Eg:big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more Eg:popular---morepopular important---moreimportant
(2)不规则变化少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---morelittle---less far---farther/further old---older/elder
三、比较级的用法:一当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的原级或者比较级1. 表达“A和B一样”,用as…as的结构公式:A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+BEg Iamastallasyou.我和你一样高 HerunsasfastasI.他跑得和我一样快2.表达“A不如B”用notas…as的结构公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BEg Iamnotastallasyou.我没有你高 Hedoesn’trunasfastasI.他没有我跑得快2. 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B… A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…Eg Iamtallerthanyou.我比你高 HerunsfasterthanI.他跑得比我快二关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1.比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语,意思是“更…”,“…得…”常见词有muchalittleevenalotagreatdeal等Eg HeismuchtallerthanI.他比我要高得多 Ijumpalittlehigherthanhe.我跳得比他高一点点想一想,这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗?
2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等Eg Iamtwoyearsolderthanhe.我比他大两岁Thisbuildingis20metershigherthanthatone.3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……” Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气越来越暖和Heisrunningfasterandfaster.他跑得越来越快0urcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们祖国越来越美了4.“themore…,themore…”表示“越……,就越……”,Themore,thebetter.多多益善Themorecarefulyouarethefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越细心,犯错就越少5.“the比较级…ofthetwo…”表示“两个当中较的一个” Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.
6.Which/Who+is+比较级,AorBWhichcityisbiggerBeijingorTianjin
四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级1.表达“…是…中最…的”用“the+形容词(副词)的最高级”的结构后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句公式主语+be动词+the+形容词最高级+(名词)+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+(the)+形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句Eg Heisthetalleststudentinourclass. Hejumpsthehighestofthethreeboys. ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.2.表示“最…的…中一个”,用“oneof+the+最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达Eg Heisoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.他是我们班最好的学生之一Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之注意一形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不能要定冠词the.
(二)常见的用来表示范围的介词有inofamong
五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题
一、按语法规则,than后面的人称代词应当用主格,但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格 Eg HeismorecarefulthanIme.
二、只有同类的事物才能比较 e.g Herbagisbiggerthanmine. 不能说HerbagisbiggerthanI.TheweatherofKunmingismuchbetterthanthatofShenyang.不能说TheweatherofKunmingismuchbetterthanShenyang.【语法专项练习题】
1、Thatboylooksas asaboxer.A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.morestrong
2、ThenSummerPalaceis thanZhongShanpark.A.biger B.morebig C.thebiggest D.bigger
3、Whichdoyoulike applesororangesA.good B.better C.best D.well
4、--Ohthefoodisbad. --Ithinkso.Andtheservice服务is__________.A.theworst B. worse C. badder D. theworse
5、--YouarethesamecoatasI. --YesMineis butnotso asyours.A.betterexpensive B.bettermoreexpensive C.muchbettermoreexpensive D.goodmoreexpensive
6、TheexpertsthinkthatIndia’spopulationmaybe thanChina’s
2020.A.muchby B.morein C.largerby D.largeron
7、Thisyearourschoolis thanitwaslastyear.A.muchbeautiful B.themostbeautiful C.beautifuler D.muchmorebeautiful
8、 youwork knowledgeyouwillget.A.Thehardermore B.TheharderthemoreC.Harderthemore D.Hardermore
9、Hehas friendsthanI.A.muchmore B.manymore C.verymore D.toomore
10、Shedrawsbetterthan .A.usall B.weall C.allus D.allwe
11、Shanghaiislargerthan cityinChina. A.any B.anyother C.theothers D.anyelse
12、I’mnotsurewhetherMarycansing Ann.A.aswellas B.asgoodas C.asbetteras D.sogoodas
13、Ihavefewerapplesthan .A.he B.his C.hers D.mine
14、Thenewsis surprising.A.much B.very C.more D.verymuch
15、ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan .A.America B.theoneofAmericas C.thatofAmerica D.Americans
16、Whichis____________clothingstoreinyourtown A.thebest B.thebetter C.themostgood D.best
17、Mysisteris____________personIknow. A.thefunniest B.thefunnier C.themostfun D.funniest
18、IsMrDu__________teacherinyourschoolA.themostbusy B.thebusier C.themostbusiest D.thebusiest
19、Heis________morebeuutifulthanI.A.too B.enough C.much D.very
20、Theboxis______heavy.Ican’tmoveit.A.much B.more C.enough D.too
21、Thebookisthe__________oneinthebookshop. A.themostcheap B.theexpensive C.themostexpensive D.thelessexpensiver
22、Ihave_______applesand______milkthanyou.A.manylittle B.moreless C.moreleast D.manyless
23、YoushouldstudyEnglishhardbecauseit’sgetting_________inourcountry.A.moreandmoreimportant B.moreimportantandmoreimportantC.importanterandimportanter D.importantandimportant
24、Herbrotheris__________thanshe. A.7yearolder B.7year old C.7yearsold D.7yearsolder
25、TheFamousPeopleTalentShowwasoneof____________thatIhaveeverseen.A.themostfantasticshow B.mostfantasticshows C.themorefantasticshows D.themostfantasticshows 。