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高考定语从句复习学案一)概念在复合句中,修饰某一_________或_________的从句,叫定语从句
1._______词定语从句所修饰的词
2.引导词1关系______词:whowhomwhosewhichthatas2关系______词:wherewhenwhy
3.关系词常有3个作用
①引导定语从句
②代替先行词
③在定语从句中担当一个________
4.关系代词作主语、宾语、表语或定语(whose),作_______时可省略;关系副词作状语,一般不省略二)定语从句的种类定语从句可分为两类________定语从句和__________定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子非限制性定语从句不能用______引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略把下列句子翻译成中文Hismotherwholoveshimverymuchisstrictwithhim._____________________________ Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.________________________________________三)定语从句的热门考点
1.定语从句关系词的选用(详见表格);
2.只能that或which的情况;
3.which和as的区别;
4.whose用法及转换形式;
5.介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置介词短语和动词短语;
6.定语从句中的特殊情况四)关系代词和关系副词的作用正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分关系词一共有9个它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表关系词主语宾语表语定语状语说明that人/物人/物√×√不能用于非限制性从句which物物√√×which作宾语很少见who人√√××who可代替whom作宾语whom×人××× whose×××人/物×when××××√where××××√why××××√as主要用于非限制性的定语从句和such…as…thesame...as...so...as...结构中考点一如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词(提示:引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定)用关系词填空1Those_______breaktherulesshouldbepunished.21992全国,27Inthedarkstreettherewasn’tasinglepersonto_______shecouldturnforhelp.3Gonearethedays_________weusedforeignoil.4Thereason________hewasabsentwasthathewasill.5Thisisthereason_________hegaveforhisabsence.6(03北京春季)Wearelivinginanage_________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.72009安徽
30.Manychildren,_________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.8NextSunday________IwillspendgofishingI’msurewillbeanotherexcitingday.9(05上海)Ifashophaschairs______womencanparktheirmenwomenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.10(2006福建)
22.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.练习
1.Isthisthemuseum________weheldtheexhibitionA.where B.thatC.onwhichD.theone
2.Isthismuseum_________youvisitedafewdaysagoA.whereB.that C.onwhichD.theone
3.(2010天津)
8.—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut—Youshouldtrythebarber’s_______Igo.It’sonly
15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
4.(2010湖南)
28.Ivebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which
5.(2006山东)
26.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint______bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
6.(2006江西)
33.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves—Yestheresonepoint_______wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.howD./
7.You’vetoldmesuchanattractiveplace________Iammorethanwillingtogo.A.asB.whereC.thatD.inwhich
8.2012重庆卷
29.Salesdirectorisaposition__communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesA.whichB.thatC.whenD.where考点二:关系代词which和that的区别在定语从句中当先行词指物时下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:1先行词被
①形容词最高级;
②序数词;
③theonlytheverytheright修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen./ThisistheverypersonthatI’mwaitingfor.2先行词是不定代词alllittlefewmuchsomethingeverythingnothinganythingnonetheone时,或者是由everyanyallsomenolittlefewmuch等修饰时Allthatglittersisnotgold.中文意思___________________________________I’msurethere’snothingthatawomancan’tdo./Allthatcanbedone_______beendone.3先行词中既有人又有物时Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout4当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时,用thatChinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.=…thecountry_____itusedtobe.5当主句中含有疑问词which或who时为避免重复,常用that代替who或whichWhothathascommonsensewilldosuchathing/Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest6主句以therebe开头时ThereislittlethatIcandotomakeupforthelosttime.7有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系词已用which另一个宜用thatTheysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,只能用which而不能用that的情况1在介词提前的定语从句中,关系代词只能用whichThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.2which可引导非限制性定语从句,that则不能Shefailedtheexamwhichmadeherparentsvaryangry.
9.Hisbrotherdid______hecouldtohelphim.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.allD.which
10.04北春Luckilywe’dbroughtamapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which
11.Finallythemanageradoptedthebestproposal_______hadbeenputforwardatthemeeting.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as
12.05’湖北卷Hersisterhasbecomealawyer_______shewantedtobe.(表语)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
13.(2009全国Ⅱ)
17.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown______wasverykindofhim.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
14.2013江苏32ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,____heremembersstartedasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when
15.2013上海卷
38.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea____interactwithoneanother.[A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what考点三as与which引导的定语从句共同点二者都可以引导非限制定语从句,指代从句中的一部分或整个句子的内容在下列情况下一般只能用as1as放在句首,而which不能(which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后边;as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句前,又可在主句之后,有时还可插入主句中)TaiwanispartofChinaasisknowntousall.=AsweallknowTaiwanispartofChina.=TaiwanasweallknowispartofChina.
16.(2009山东)
24.WheneverImether_______wasfairlyoftenshegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that
17.(1999上海)____ismentionedabovethenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It
18.NMET94Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
19.2009辽宁
23.They’vewontheirlastthreematches_______Ifindabitsurprisingactually.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which
20.04北京_______isreportedinthenewspapertalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What2as本身有“正如…;就像…”之意,而which没有;as常用于某些固定结构asisknowntoallaswehadexpectedasanybodycanseeasoftenhappensashasbeensaidbeforeasismentionedabove3当先行词被thesamesuch修饰时,定语从句需用as引导,as还用于so…as结构区别thesame…as指同类的东西thesame…that指同一个东西Thisisthesamewatch______Ilost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样(不是同一只)Thisisthesamewatch_______Ilost.这就是我丢失的那一只表(同一只)Translatethefollowingtwosentences.1众所周知,地球是圆的(3种)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2他戴着与你昨天买的同样的手表_______________________________________________
21.(2008福建卷)
27._____isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which
22.Don’ttrustsuchpeople_____praiseyoutoyourfacebutspeakillofyoubehindyourback.A.whoB.thatC.whoeverD.as考点四whose用法及转换形式whose引导的定语从句,其后紧跟名词其先行词不仅可指人,还可指物whose引导的从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型,如即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.Helivesintheroom________windowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroomthewindow_____________facessouth.=Helivesintheroom_______________thewindowfacessouth.
23.2009天津
5.Aperson_____e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
24.2000上海RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
25.(2010山东)
24.That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What
26.(2005年天津卷)
13.LastmonthpartofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloodsfrom____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what考点五“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词一般只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)即介词+which/whom1当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用which或whom关系代词不能省略如
27.Hebuiltatelescope______hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit
28.(04全国)TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
29.2005江苏32Theplace_______thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_______thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich
30.2008四川卷
4.Formanycitiesintheworldthereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther_______NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich注意含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面,不能提前如lookforlookaftertakecareof等如ThisisthebookI’mlookingfor.2非限制性定语从句中,要表示先行词的一部分时,可用“数词/代词+ofwhich/whom”的结构,如Hehaswrittenmanybooksmostofwhichareforchildren.
31.(2006浙江)
13.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncookingthefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which
32.2007四川卷
7.Itisreportedthattwoschools________arebeingbuiltinmyhometownwillopennextyear.A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich
33.(2007安徽卷)
14.Lastweekonlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse_______wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom考点六使用定语从句时应注意的问题1定语从句的主谓一致的问题(定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致)Iwho______beyourteacherwilltrymybesttohelpyou.Tomisoneoftheboyswho_______belate.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____belate.TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersthat________drawlotsofvisitors.TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththat______beseenfromthemoon.长城是地球上唯一一个从月球上看到的建筑物注意nottheonlyoneof…=oneof…Tomisn’ttheonlyoneoftheboyswho______passedtheexam.2way和time后接定语从句的情况theway后的定语从句
①(1996上海)Idon’tliketheway_____________youspeaktoher.
②Thisistheway_____________reallyworks.
③Thisistheway_____________heusedtosolvetheproblem.▲先行词是time时,表“次数”用关系代词that引导定语从句可省略;表“一段时间”用关系副词when或介词at/duringwhich
34.It’sthefourthtimeyou________latethismonth.A.hadarrivedB.arrivedC.havearrivedD.arrive
35.Therewas________time________womenwerelookedupon.A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;when3分隔性定语从句定语从句与先行词被分割开来定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来
①先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来此时,先行词通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平衡,常将定语从句移至谓语之后Alliswellthatendswell./Thedaysaregone______theChinesewerelookeddownupon.
36.(2007福建卷)
27.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_______welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
37.(2008山东卷)
26.Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
38.2012江苏卷Afterthefloodingpeopleweresufferinginthatarea____urgentlyneededcleanwatermedicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what4在定语从句加中插入语,常见的有IthinkIsupposeIguessIimagine等
39.Hegaveusanotherpieceofadvice______ofgreathelptotheresearchwork.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.IthinkwhichisD.Ithinkitis5定语从句中的谓语含有canmay等情态动词时,可简化为“介词+which/whom+不定式结构”Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhich_______________.Thebeggarhasnomoneywithwhichhecanbuyfood.=Thebeggarhasnomoneywithwhich_______________food.
40.Thepoliceneedsolidevidence_______tobasetheirjudgments.A.that B.onwhich C.bywhich D.how 6在关系副词where/when前有时可以加介词Heisstandingonthetopofthehillfrom______hecanenjoyawonderfulview.
37.HegraduatedfromNanjingUniversityin1990_____shehasbeenworkinginthecompanyasamanager.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen7与状语从句的比较Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilm______everyonewantstoseeit.Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilm______everyonewantstosee.Thestonewassoheavy_____wecan’tliftit.=Thestonewassoheavy______wecan’tlift.
41.(2006陕西)
9.His plan was such a good one_________we all agreed to accept it.A.so B.and C.that D.as
42.Theteachergaveussuchadifficultproblem______noneofuscouldsolve.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
43.Thegovernmentmadesuchagreateffect_______thewholenationcouldcelebratethespringfestivalhappily.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it定语从句高考链接
1.Yesterdayshesoldhercar____sheboughtamonthago.A.whomB.whereC.thatD.which
2.ThescienceMuseum____wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritainisoneofLondon’stouristattractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where
3.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily_____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that
4.Formanycitiesintheworldthereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther____NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich
5.Bynineo’clockalltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma____appearedararerainbowsoon.A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich
6.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors____arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat
7.Occasionsarequiterare____Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
8.Wewentthroughaperiod____communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
9.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry____therewon’tbemuchwork.A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich
10.Tom’srestaurantonBakerStreet____usedtobepoorlyrunisnowasuccessfulbusiness.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where
11.Todaywe’lldiscussanumberofcases____beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
12.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear____hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis
13.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoaday-carecenter____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where
14.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer____sheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
15.Lastweekonlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse____wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
16.ThetimeIhadbeenlookingforwardto____atlastandIsawmyfavouritestar.A.comingB.havingcomeC.cameD.come
17.Theweatherturnedouttobefine____wasbetterthanweexpected.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it
18.MrsBlacktookthepolicebackto____place____shewitnessedrobbery.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereC.thesame;thatD.thesame;when
19.AncientRomewasacountry____cultureinfluencedthewesternworldforcenturies.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.where
20.____isoftenthecasehedidn’tstudyhardandfailedtopassthetest.A.WhatB.WhichC.ItD.As21.[浙江卷]13Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform_____visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why22.[重庆卷]24Johninvitedabout40peopletohisweddingmostof______arefamilymembers.A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom23.[陕西卷]16____isoftenthecasewithchildrenAmywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As24.[四川卷]9Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment_______theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where25.[山东卷]35Finallyhereachedalonelyisland___wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom26.[山东卷]31Thereisnosimpleanswer_______isoftenthecaseinscience.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where27.[辽宁卷]34Hemaywinthecompetition_____heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.A.inwhichcaseB.inthatcaseC.inwhatcaseD.inwhosecase28.[江西卷]33Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how29.[浙江]
5.Thechildren______hadplayedthewholedaylongwerewornout.A.allofwhatB.allofwhichC.allofthemD.allofwhom30.[湖南卷]Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose___aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which31.[福建卷]Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose__liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which32.[北京卷]Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks__animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where33.[安徽卷]29MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012_____madeoneoftheChinesepeopleslong-helddreamscometrue.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which34.[天津卷]
6.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,_isannouncedintodaysnewspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what35.[全国卷Ⅱ]
4.WhenIarrivedBryantookmetoseethehouse____Iwouldbestaying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which36.[安徽卷]
29.Alotoflanguagelearning_____hasbeendiscoveredishappeninginthefirstyearoflifesoparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this37.[江西卷]
28.By16:30______wasalmostclosingtimenearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that38.[湖南卷]Careofthesoulisagradualprocess____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich
39.[重庆卷]
29.Salesdirectorisaposition______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesA.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
40.[四川卷]
13.Inourclassthereare46students_____halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem高考定语从句复习学案答案
一、概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句
1.先行词定语从句所修饰的词
2.引导词1关系代词:whowhomwhosewhichthatas2关系副词:wherewhenwhy
3.关系词常有3个作用
①引导定语从句
②代替先行词
③在定语从句中担当一个成分
4.关系代词作主语、宾语、表语或定语(whose),作宾语时可省略;关系副词作状语,一般不省略
二、定语从句的种类定语从句可分为两类限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略翻译Hismotherwholoveshimverymuchisstrictwithhim.他的母亲很爱他,但对他的要求却很严 Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家考点一如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词用关系词填空1who2whom3when4why/forwhich5that6when7whose8which9where10whose考点二:关系代词which和that的区别2Allthatglittersisnotgold.中文意思___________________________________I’msurethere’snothingthatawomancan’tdo./Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.4当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时,用thatChinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.=…thecountrywhatitusedtobe.考点三as与which引导的定语从句2as本身有“正如…;就像…”之意,而which没有;3当先行词被thesamesuch修饰时,定语从句需用as引导,as还用于so…as结构区别thesame…as指同类的东西thesame…that指同一个东西ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样(不是同一只)ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢失的那一只表(同一只)Translatethefollowingtwosentences.1众所周知,地球是圆的(3种)Asisknowntoalltheearthisround.=Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.=Whatisknowntoallisthattheearthisround.2他戴着与你昨天买的同样的手表Heiswearingthesamewatchasyouboughtyesterday.考点四whose用法及转换形式whose引导的定语从句,其后紧跟名词其先行词不仅可指人,还可指物whose引导的从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型,如即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.=Helivesintheroomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.考点六使用定语从句时应注意的问题1定语从句的主谓一致的问题(定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致)am/are/is/draw/is/have2way和time后接定语从句的情况theway后的定语从句
①(1996上海)Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/thatyouspeaktoher.
②Thisisthewaythat/whichreallyworks.
③Thisisthewaythat/whichheusedtosolvetheproblem.3分隔性定语从句ThedaysaregonewhentheChinesewerelookeddownupon.5定语从句中的谓语含有canmay等情态动词时,可简化为“介词+which/whom+不定式结构”Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.Thebeggarhasnomoneywithwhichhecanbuyfood.=Thebeggarhasnomoneywithwhichtobuyfood. 6在关系副词where/when前有时可以加介词Heisstandingonthetopofthehillfromwherehecanenjoyawonderfulview.7与状语从句的比较Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmthateveryonewantstoseeit.Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmaseveryonewantstosee.Thestonewassoheavythatwecan’tliftit.=Thestonewassoheavyaswecan’tlift.答案1-5DABCD6-10BDCDB11-15DBDDD16-20CCBCD21-25BDDDC26-30AACDB31-35ADDBC36-40AADDC。