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逻辑阅读是解题的关键阅读理解,本质是读者获得信息的一种思维活动,在当今的信息社会里,被广泛应用于人们的生产生活中而对于广大学生来说,培养良好的阅读习惯,能从庞杂的外语资料中迅速、准确地抓住有效信息,不仅是完成大学学业的要求,也是将来工作的需要在阅读过程中,逻辑思维至关重要,是解题的关键阅读理解,从另一个角度看是读者解读作者逻辑思路的过程,因此有必要对常见的逻辑思路进行总结从阅读理解测试类型来看,主要分为两类篇章理解(readingforthemainidea)和细节理解(recognizingimportantfactsordetails),后者从历年阅读考题来看占80%左右
一、篇章理解的逻辑思路对于全文的理解,读者主要用总结(sum-up)、概括(outline)、归纳(induce)、推理(deduce)等思路在篇章理解部分,考试中常考的问题有这些
1.Theauthorconcludesthat...
2.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat...
3.Accordingtothepassagewhatis...
4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward...
5.Intheauthor’sview...
6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage粗略归类一下,有这些类型中心思想题(1);态度题(4,5);结论题(1,2)和判断题(6)做这类问题时,一般先快速阅读全文,看其逻辑思路是总括主题,分别阐述,还是逐层递进,环环相扣由于写作思路不一而足,阅读思路也要千变万化,视具体的情况而定例如…Heroesarecatalystsforchange. Theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop. Theyhavetheskillandcharmtomovethemasses. Theycreatenewpossibilities. WithoutGandhiIndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire. WithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKingJr. Wemightstillhavesegregated(隔离地)buses restaurantsandparks.Itmaybepossibleforlargescalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities butthepaceofchangewouldbeslow thevisionuncertainandthecommitteemeetingsendless. 20021228 看完之后,读者会有如下思路英雄是变革的催化剂(总括观点)——有远见;能鼓动群众;能创造机遇(分述论据)——没有他们,步伐会慢,前景不定,会议会没完没了(反面总结,深化观点)接着看试卷针对本段提出的问题 Theauthorconcludesthathistoricalchangeswould ________. Abedelayedwithoutleaderswithinspiringpersonalqualities Bnothappenwithoutheroesmakingthenecessarysacrifices Ctakeplaceiftherewereheroestoleadthepeople Dproduceleaderswithattractivepersonalities 询问作者观点一般是在逻辑思路的最后,显然是在后面的结论句,也就是由but连接的句子中,but后的内容是语义的重心,是作者的观点,这样就排除了干扰项C),而选出了正确答案A)
二、细节理解的逻辑思路 细节理解部分主要涉及如下逻辑思维直接推论、因果、例证、条件、转折、对比以及正误判断等关于细节理解题,考生经常遇到的问题有这些
1.Bysaying...theauthormeansthat...
2....because....
3.Why...
4.Theexampleof...showsthat...
5.If...
6. Although... 关于这些问题的解答思路可以大体分为这样几类直接推论题1;因果思维题2、3;例证题5;假设题5; 6则是转折思维题总之,解细节理解题的要求与篇章理解题不同,要求考生逐字逐句地认真读题,用心思考,从逻辑意义中理解作者的出题思路,从而得出正确答案例如 InrecentyearsIsraeliconsumershavegrownmoredemandingasthey’vebecomewealthierandmoreworld-wise.Foreigntravelisanationalpassion;thissummeraloneonein10citizenswillgoabroad.ExposedtohigherstandardsofserviceelsewhereIsraelisarereturninghomeexpectingthesame.Americanfirmshavealsobegunarrivinginlargenumbers.ChainssuchasKFCMcDonald’sandPizzaHutaresettinganewstandardofcustomerserviceusingstrictemployeetrainingandconstantmonitoringtoensurethefriendlinessoffrontlinestaff.EventheAmericanhabitoftellingdepartingcustomersto“Haveaniceday”hascaughton.‘Let’sbenicer’saysItsikCohendirectorofaconsultingfirm.“Nothinghappenswithoutcompetition.” Privatizationorthethreatofitisamotivationaswell.MonopoliesthatuntilrecentlyhavebeenfreetotaketheircustomersforgrantednowfearwhatMichaelPerryamarketingprofessorcalls“therevengefulconsumer”.WhenthegovernmentopenedupcompetitionwithBezaqthephonecompanyitsinternationalbranchlost40%ofitsmarketshare evenwhileofferingcompetitiverates.SaysPerry“Peoplewantedrevengeforalltheyearsofbadservice.”Theelectriccompanywhosemonopolymaybeshort-livedhassuddenlystoppedrequiringuserstowaithalfadayforarepairman.Nowappointmentsarescheduledtothehalfhour.ThegracelessE1A1Airlineswhichisalreadyatauctionhasretraineditsemployeestoemphasizeserviceandisboastingabouttheresultsinanadcampaignwiththeslogan“youcanfeelthechangeintheair.”Forthefirsttimepraiseoutnumberscomplaintsoncustomersurveysheets.CET-420021228 请看所设计的题目
1.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat_______. AcustomerserviceinIsraelisnowimproving BwealthyIsraelicustomersarehardtoplease CthetouristindustryhasbroughtchainstorestoIsrael DIsraelicustomerspreferforeignproducetodomesticones 这道题要求用推理的思路逐个筛选根据第二段中“Theelectriccompanywhose...surveysheets.”可以判断A)是正确答案
2.Intheauthor’sviewshigherservicestandards areimpossibleinIsrael_________. Aifcustomercomplaintsgounnoticedbythemanagement Bunlessforeigncompaniesareintroducedingreaternumbers Cifthere’snocompetitionamongcompanies Dwithoutstrictroutinetrainingofemployees 解此题先看一下第一段的逻辑思路随着富裕,Israeli消费者的要求提高了(起因)——高水平的服务出现了(观点)——表现为三家公司的竞争(例证)——没有竞争就没有一切(结论)因此,通过逆向思维很容易选出C)
3.IfsomeoneinIsraeltodayneedsarepairmanincaseofapowerfailure________. Atheycanhaveitfixedinnotime Bit’snolongernecessarytomakeanappointment Ctheappointmenttakesonlyhalfadaytomake Dtheyonlyhavetowaithalfanhouratmost 题目给出了一种假设,要求根据假设选出一种结果根据第二段中“ Theelectriccompany...Nowappointmentsarescheduledtothehalfhour. ”D)为正确答案
4.TheexampleofE1A1Airlinesshowsthat_______. Arevengefulcustomersareathreattothemonopolyofenterprises Banadcampaignisawayoutforenterprisesinfinancialdifficulty Cagoodsloganhasgreatpotentialforimprovementservice Dstaffretrainingisessentialforbetterservice 这是典型的例证题,看文章第二段的最后两句,我们不难总结出由于E1A1对其员工进行服务意识的再培训,并提出了相应的口号,在其进行的社会调查中,首次赞扬者多于抱怨者因此正确答案是D)
5.WhydidBezaq’sinternationalbranchlose40%ofitsmarketshare ABecausetheratesitofferedwerenotcompetitiveenough. BBecausecustomersweredissatisfiedwithits pastservice. CBecausetheserviceofferedbyitscompetitorswasfarbetter. DBecauseitnolongerreceivedanysupportfromthegovernment. 这是一道因果关系题根据第二段中的“itsinternational...yearsofbadservice”很容易找到答案B) 考生只要在平时的阅读训练中,认真练习逻辑思维;在考试中,合理应用逻辑思维,一定会在考试中取得理想的成绩w.w.w.k.s.
5.u.c.o.m。