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授课主题定语从句教学内容课前回顾
1.评讲上次的作业
2.错题回顾知识梳理知识点1定语从句重要考点I.关系代词只能用that,而不能用which的情况1当先行词被为不定代词如ThereisnothingthatIcansayaboutit.2)先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时如ThisisthebestbasketballmatchthatIhaveeverseen.3)先行词被theonly或thevery修饰时如Theonlythingthatwecandoistoaskourteachers’help.Isthistheverymuseumthatyouvisitedtheotherday4先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时如ThefirstEnglishfilmthatIsawwas“OliverTwist”.WhenforeignerstalkaboutChinathefirstthatcomestomindistheGreatWall.5)被修饰的先行词被anyallmuchnolittlefew等修饰时如Iaminterestedinallthatyouhavetoldme.Thereisn’tmuchthatIcando.Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfiveminutes.6)先行词既包含人又包含物时例如Theytalkedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthattheyhadvisited.7)先行词是疑问代词时如WhichisthebookthatheboughtyesterdayWhothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminthegame8)先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时如Thisisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.Heisnotthemanthathewas.II.关系代词只能用which不用that的情况
1.引导非限制性定语从句时例如:Sheheardaterriblenoisewhichbroughtherhearttohermouth.
2.当关系代词做介词宾语时例如:Hewroteabookinwhichhecouldlearnabouthislife.在上一例句中引导词“which”作了介词“in”的宾语所以不可以用“that”代替III.非限制性定语从句
1.非限制性定语从句只对主句中先行词作附加说明,关系不密切,如果省去从句,主句所表达的概念依然明确、完整非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句分开,不能用that连接如Waterwhichisaclearliquidhasmanyuses.IdecidedtowriteaboutChaplinoneofwhosefilmsIhadseenseveralyearsbefore.
2.必须使用非限制性定语从句的情况1当先行词为专有名词或球类、疾病、学科等独一无二的事物时如HecaughtSARSwhichthreatenedpeoplealot.Basketballwhichisnowplayedinover100countriesisthemostpopulargameintheworld.2当定语从句由“代词/数词/名词/形容词比较级、最高级等+of+which/whom”引导时如ChinahashundredsofislandsoffitssoutheastcoastthelargestofwhichisTaiwan.3当定语从句修饰整个主句时如Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountrywhichisverykindofthem.Theymovedthefallentreewhichtookthemalongtime.IV.其他情况
1.定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词,whichas可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分Theyhaveinvitedmetodinnerwhichisverykindofthem.Hedislikedthegirlaswasexpected.
2.偶尔也用but引导定语从句,这种情况已经比较少见了Thereisnotoneofusbutwishes=whodoesnotwishtoimproveourEnglish.我们没有一个人不想提高英语水平
3.关系代词在从句中主语时,从句中的谓语动词形式由先行词决定ThestudentswhoareinGrade3aregoingtoclimbthehill.
4.分隔定语从句,定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词,中间有其他的成分隔开如定语,状语或谓语ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.他的眼中有一种我不能理解的神情ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout.Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited.
5.定语从句时态的简化如果主句动词是将来时,从句动词表示的动作与主句动作发生在同一时间,从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来时但是如果从句动作是指不同于主句动作的将来时间,则两部分都要用将来时Therewillbeaspecialpriceforanybodywhoordersasuitinthenexttwoweeks.任何人在下两周内定做衣服都将享受优待价格Thosewhowillgototomorrow’sshowwillhavetocomethisafternoontogettheirtickets.明天去看演出的人今天下午来取票
6.引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词+which”来代替Thisistheroominwhich=whereLuXunoncelived.7.以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhichthat引导,也可以省略Thewayinwhich/that//heansweredthequestionwassurprising.8.具体的地点名词后可以接where从句,但其他如casepointsituationconditionjob等表示“情况,方面”的名词也同样加where从句,这种用法源于“inthiscaseatthispointinthissituationunderthecondition”等短语,例Therearemanycaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood.在很多情况下,这条规则都不适用Hehadtofacetheconditionswherepressurewasheavy.Iwillshowyouthepointwhereyoufail.Thisisajobwhereyoucanlearnsomething.Helefthishometownin2002sincewhenhehasnevercomeback.V.保持主句的完整性 在定语从句中,不管出现任何情况,主句的结构必须完整,即主句必须有主语和谓语,缺一不可,否则,整个主从复合句就无法成立eg IsthisthebookyouboughtyesterdayIsthisbooktheoneyouboughtyesterday注意这点可以利用句子成分进行讲解,因为定语不是一句话的基本成分,那么定语从句也就不是基本成分,所以主句肯定是完整的,同样原理,状语从句和同位语从句的主句也是完整的知识点2定语从句中易犯的错误由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂,初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误,最常见的有如下七种
1、在定语从句中加了多余的定语如1.误SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.正SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome.译我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来析应删去them,因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom,who或that2.误Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary.正Thebookthatyouneedisinthelibrary.译你需要的书在图书馆里析应删去it,因为从句的宾语是关系代词that
2、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错如1.误Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished.正Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.译任何违犯法律的人将被处罚析应改break为breaks,因为who指anyone,是单数2.误Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome.正Thosewhohavefinishedmaygohome.译做完了的人现在可以回家析应改has为have,因为who指those,是复数3.误HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.正HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.译他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人析应改know为knows,因为one前有theonly之类限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是theonlyone,是单数,而不是复数名词theteachers4.误Thisisoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.正Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.译这是目前空着的房间之一析应改is为are,因为one前没有theonly之类的限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数therooms,而不是单数one
3、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词如1.误Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth.正Childrenwho/thateatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth.译吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好析应加上关系代词who或that,因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略2.误Thekeyopensthebikeismissing正Thekeythat/whichopensthebikeismissing.译开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了析应加上关系代词that或which,因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略
4、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词如1.误Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.正Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing.或Thehousehelivesinneedsrepairing.译他住的房子需要修理析应保留where,删去从句中的in,因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语,in属多余或删去关系副词where,因为where在这里的意思是inwhich,否则介词in就重复了2.误IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing.正IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.或IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.析应删去on,因为when在这里的意思是onwhich,否则介词on就重复了,或把when改为which
5、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词如1.误Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether.正Istillrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogether.译我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子析应改when为that或which,因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词,其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语2.误Thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear.正Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.译这是我们去年住过的那个房子析应改where为which或that,因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in,其后少介词宾语,而不是地点状语
6、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why如1.误Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence?正Haveyouaskedherforthereasonthat/whichmayexplainherabsence?译你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因?析应改why为that或which,因为定语从句缺少主语,而不是少原因状语2.误Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.正Idon’tbelievethereasonthat/whichhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.译我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因析应改why为that或which,因为从句谓语动词hasgiven后缺少宾语,而不是少原因状语
7、误将强调句型当定语从句如1.误Itwasinthekitchenwherethefirebrokeout.正Itwasinthekitchenthatthefirebrokeout.译大火发生在厨房析应将where改that,因为原句还原为Thefirebrokeoutinthekitchen后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型,而非定语从句2.误Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnightwhenyoudidn’tcome?正Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnightthatyoudidn’tcome?译你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来?析应将when改为that,因为,原句还原为Becauseitsnowedlastnight,youdidn’tcome后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型而非定语从句例题讲解
1.Hehadalotoffriendsonlyafewof______invitedtohiswedding.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who【陷阱】容易误选A,认为这是非限制性定语从句【分析】最佳答案是B,这不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语,而是一个过去分词当然,假若在invited前加上助动词were,则是一个非限制性定语从句,答案便应选A比较1Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeetingnoneof_______carriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B,noneofthemcarriedoutintheirwork是独立主格结构,其中的carriedout为过去分词2Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeetingnoneof_______werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选A,noneofthemwerecarriedoutintheirwork是非限制性定语从句,注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were3Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeetingbutnoneof_______werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B,由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but,使得该句成了一个并列句
2.Thebusesmostof_______werealreadyfullweresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.thatB.itC.themD.which【陷阱】容易误选C,用them代指thebuses【分析】最佳答案是Dmostofwhichwerealreadyfull为非限制性定语从句,修饰thebuses类似地,以下各题也选D1Hishousefor_______hepaid$10000isnowworth$
50000.A.thatB.itC.themD.which2Ashdownforestthrough_______we’llbedrivingisn’taforestanylonger.A.thatB.itC.themD.which3ThisIdidatnineo’clockafter_______Isatreadingthepaper.A.thatB.itC.themD.which类似地,以下各题选whom,不选them4Georgewith_______IplayedtennisonSundayswasawarm-heartedperson.A.thatB.himC.themD.whom5Hersonsbothof______workabroadwillcomebackhomethissummer.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whom6Imetthefruit-pickersseveralof_______werestilluniversitystudents.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whom
3.Ifthemanisonlyinterestedinyourlooks_____justshowshowshallowheis.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that【陷阱】容易误选A或B,误这是非限制性定语从句【分析】正确答案为D,注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句,逗号后是该状语从句的主句,that在此代表前文所述的情况,用作主句的主语类似地,下面几道题也选that,而不选which1Ifyoupromisetogowithus_____willbeOK.A.asB.whichC.anditD.that2Ifyouwantadoubleroom_____willcostanother£
15.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that3Whetheryougoornot_______isquiteallrightwithme.A.thatB.whichC.anditD.so4WhenIsaytwohours_____includestimeforeating.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that巩固练习请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正
1.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.where→that/which或去掉where
2.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislooking.把for放在looking之后英语中有些短语动词介词或副词不可与动词相分离又如:lookafterruninto等
3.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.who→whom尽管在口语中whowhom都能作宾语但在介词后只能用whom
4.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.that→which
5.Thesungivesofflightandwarmththatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.that→whichthat不可以引导非限制性定语从句
6.I’vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.which→that或去掉which当先行词被alleverynosomeanylittle等修饰时常用that引导定语从句
7.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.which→that或去掉which当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或theonlythevery等所修饰时常用that引导定语从句
8.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.who→that如果先行词既指人又指物时常用that引导定语从句
9.Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest.which→that或去掉which当先行词为something anythingeverythingnothingall等时常由that引导定语从句
10.Hisdogthatwasnowveryoldbecameillanddied.that→which
11.Thereasonwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolisthathewasill.which→why/which前加for或去掉which
12.Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands.wants→want定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致
13.Theboyhismotherdiedlastyearstudiesveryhard.his→whose
14.Ihavetwosistersbothofthemaredoctors.them→whom或both前加and
15.We’regoingtovisittheschoolwhereyourbrotherworksthere.去掉there
16.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeeninvitedtotheEnglishEvening.have→has当oneof+名词复数作先行词时从句的谓语用复数;但是当one前有theonly时从句谓语要用单数
17.Thatisthewaywhichtheywork.which→that/which前加in或去掉which
18.Thosehavequestionscanasktheteachersforadvice.Those后加who
19.Whoisthemanwhohaswhitehairs第二个who→that当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时定语从句常用that引导以避免重复
20.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhichwehadagood timetogetheratthesea.which→when或which前加in归纳总结使用归纳法总结定语从句的常考重点知识点仅用that引导限制性定语从句的八种情况;把握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用;弄清as和which引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别课后作业
1.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_______intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew
2.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm_____manypeoplehavegonehome.A.thatB.whichC.whosetimeD.bywhichtime
3.Isthisthereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhisworkA.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
4.Luckilywe’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which
5.Whenhewasworkingtherehecaughtaseriousillnessfrom_____effortshestillsuffers.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.what
6.It’ssaidthathe’slookingforanewjobone______hecangetmoremoneytosupporthisfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
7.Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when
8.Thelittletimewehavetogetherwe’lltry_____wisely.A.spendingitB.tospenditC.tospendD.spendingthat
9.Theoldbuildingbehind_______wasafamouschurchwas_______weusedtowork.A.thattheplaceB.ittheplaceC.whichwhereD.whatwhere
10.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schoolsmuseumsandsomeotherplaces_______othervisitorsseldomgo.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when
11.ThemodernhistoryofItalydatesfrom1860______thecountrybecameunited.A.whenB.ifC.sinceD.until
12.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_____intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew
13.Youcouldseetherunnersverywellfrom______westood.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
14.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
15.Whathaveyougot_____willhelpacoldA.whatB.thatC.itD.who
16.HewasveryangryandIcanstillremembertheway_____hespoketome.A.howB.thatC.whatD.which
17.Doyouknowthemanfrom________housethepictureswerestolenA.whichB.thatC.whatD.whose
18.Icanthinkofmanycases_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where
19.IsthisallthatyouneedIfyoumarriedmeI’dgiveyoueverythingyou_____.A.wantB.wantedC.hadwantedD.arewanting
20.Imettheteacherinthestreetyesterday________taughtmeEnglishthreeyearsago.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who
21.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why
22.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery______ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis
23.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay____ofcoursemadetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what
24.Theirproblemtodayissomewhatsimilarto_____theyfacedmanyyearsago.A.thatB.whichC.thatwhichD.it
25.Isawsometreestheleavesof_____wereblackwithdisease.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what答案
1.选C先行词是those,可视为thoseflowers之省略theyoncegrew前省略了关系代词which全句意为这儿所养的花是由他们曾在森林里种植的花培养出来的
2.选Dbywhichtime引出的是一个非限制性定语从句,其中bywhichtime相当于andbythattime
3.选A注意不能选D,因为动词explained缺宾语
4.选Dwhich指theroadmap
5.选Cfromwhoseeffortshestillsuffers为修饰aseriousillness的定语从句,whose在定语从句中用作定语,修饰efforts
6.选Bwhere引导定语从句修饰one注one在此指anewjob类似地,下面一题的答案是C,因为onethat相当于aproblemthat Theproblemis_____hascausedusalotoftrouble.A.oneB.thatC.onethatD.thatone
7.选D先行词是表时间的age时代,由于关系词在定语从句中作状语,故用when
8.选C该句的正常词序为Wewilltrytospendthelittletimewehavetogetherwisely.
9.选C第一空填which,指theoldbuilding;第二空填where,用以引导表语从句
10.选C先行词是地点名词places,由于关系词在定语从句中作状语,故用where
11.选Awhen引导的是非限制性定语从句
12.选Cthatoncegrewintheforest为修饰those的定语从句
13.选Bwhere在此相当于theplacewhere
14.选Bthepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable为非限制性定语从句,其中的thepriceofwhich相当于anditsprice或andthepriceofit假若空格前有并列连词and,则可选C
15.选Bthatwillhelpacold为修饰what的定语从句比较Haveyougotanythingthatwillhelpacold以及I’vegotnothingthatwillhelpacold.
16.选Btheway后不接how引导的从句,换句说,how不是关系代词或关系副词,不能引导定语从句以theway为先行词的定语从句通常用that或inwhich来引导,在非正式文体中也可省略that和inwhich
17.选Dfromwhosehousethepictureswerestolen为修饰theman的定语从句,whose在定语从句中用作定语,修饰house
18.选D先行词是manycases,关系副词where=inwhich
19.选A尽管句中用了ifyoumarriedmeI’dgiveyoueverything这样的虚拟语气句子,但修饰everything的定语从句thatyouwant却要用陈述语语气,因为它是回答前面Isthisallthatyouneed这一提问的
20.选D因定语从句缺主语,且关系代词指人,故选D
21.选Awhere所引导的为修饰adangeroussituation的定语从句
22.选A选项中的Ithink是插入语,若略去不看便可清楚地看出答案
23.选Bofcourse为插入语,若将项其去掉,则答案显然是B
24.选Cthatwhich相当于theproblemwhich
25.选Btheleavesofwhich相当于whoseleaves北辰教育专注全科一对一辅导40006-94-100。