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总复习SBIUnits10—12重难点单词及词组讲解1.measure
(1)vt.量,测量(可以有被动语态)Thedistancebetweenthetwocitieshadbeenmeasured.两城之间的距离已测出measurethelength/distance/speed测量长度/距离/速度measuresb.foranewsuit给某人量尺寸做一件新西装
(2)vi.量;测量(指某物测量起来的长、宽、高、深等具体数据时不可用被动语态)Theroommeasures3metresinlength.这房间量起来3米宽不可说Theroomismeasured3meatresinlength.(×)
(3)n.尺寸;措施;方法
①takemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事 Wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestoimproveourwork. 我们必须采取有效措施来改进工作
②toone’smeasure按照某人尺寸拓展其它常用主动形式指被动含义的动词
(1)sellThekindofgoodssellswellinthemarket.这种物品在市场上畅销
(2)washThiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布料好洗
(3)writeThepenwriteswell.这支钢笔很好使
(4)fadeThiskindofclothfadeseasily. 这种布料容易褪色或Thiskindofclothrunscoloreasily.
(5)weighThestoneweighs100kg.这石头重量为100公斤2.devotevt.把(时间、精力等)贡献给……,致力于……主要用法
(1)devoteoneself(one’slifeone’stimeone’senergy)tosth./doingsth.(=bedevotedtosth./doingsth.)把生命(时间、精力等)投入到……,专心致志于……Shedevotesmostofherfreetimetoplayingtennis.她把大部分业余时间用来打网球Thefamousexpertdevotedhimselftothecureofcancer.那位著名专家致力于癌症的治疗
(2)devotedadj.疼爱的,忠实的,喜欢的devoted主要用于bedevotedtosth./doingsth.,意为“专心致志于,忠实于……”注devote…to…(bedevotedto…)中的to是介词,后接名词或v.-ing形式,不接不定式Thecouplearedevotedtoeachother. 这对夫妇彼此忠实adevotedfriend一位忠实的朋友
(3)devotionn.与for连用(不可数),意为“深爱,热爱”;与to连用,意为“忠实,专心”e.g.thedevotionofamotherforherchildren母亲对子女的热爱ateacher’sdevotiontothecauseofeducation教师对于教育事业的执著拓展常用的to为介词的词组leadcauseto 导致,引起;通向stickto 坚持,粘住lookforwardto 盼望devoteoneselfto 献身于……comecloseto 即将objectto 反对payattentionto 注意become/get/beusedto 习惯于……referto 参考;查阅payavisitto 拜访prefer…to… 更喜欢……而不……pointto 指向onone’swayto在去……道路上……beaddictedto 沉迷于adaptto 适应(新环境等)adjustto调整;适应contributeto有利于,为……作贡献,向……投稿turnto转向keepto坚持getdowntodoing着手去做(=setouttodosth.)appealto吸引(=attract)become/be/getaccustomedto习惯于accordingto根据thanksto由于;因为cometo谈到get/becloseto接近;靠近attendto照顾tie…to… 把……系到……fasten…to… 把……绑到……attach…to… 使……附属于……3.dieout(家族、观念等)灭绝、消失;(物种)灭绝Withthedeathofthefifthearlthisoldfamilyhaddiedout.随着第五伯爵之死,这个老世家就灭绝了Manyoldcustomsaregraduallydyingout.许多旧习俗在逐渐消失Theuseofhorseonfarmhasalmostdiedoutinthiscountry.这国家的农场差不多已完全不再用马帮助做农务比较dieout/dieaway/diedown/dieoffIt’sgettingdarkandthewinddiedaway.天渐渐黑了,风也小了Theexcitementdieddown.兴奋的情绪平静了下来Let’swaituntilthestormdiesdownbeforewegoout.让我们等到风暴缓和了后再出去Ashegotolderhisrelativesalldiedoff.随着他年纪的增长,他的亲戚都相继去世了用法拓展die为非延续性动词;death名词;dead形容词dieof 死于疾病、饥寒、情感等diefrom死于除疾病、饥寒、情感等以外的其他原因4.atpresent现在;目前Wedon’tneedanyhelpatpresent.目前我们不需要帮助相关链接presentadj.作前置定语,意为“目前的,现在的”;作后置定语,意为“出席的,到场的”thepresentleaderofthecompany公司目前的领导theleaderpresentatthemeeting出席会议的那位领导用法拓展
①atthepresenttime 目前,现在
②forthepresent=forthetimebeing暂时;此刻
③bepresentatameeting/aparty出席会议/舞会
④presentsb.withsth.=presentsth.tosb.赠给某人某物
⑤atpresent现在(=now)5.asaresult结果Hehadsomebadfishasaresulthedidn’tfeelwellthismorning.他吃了些坏鱼,结果,今天早上不舒服用法拓展asaresultof… 由于……的原因resultfrom… 因……引起resultin 导致;致使特别提醒asaresult 后接结果asa(the)resultof 后接原因Hewassenttohospitalasaresultoftheaccident.由于这次事故,他被送进了医院6.suggestionn.提议;建议;迹象(可数名词)主要用法
(1)提建议=giveadvice(advice为不可数名词)
(2)on/atsb.’ssuggestion根据某人的建议
(3)suggestion作“建议”讲时,其后无论跟表语从句还是同位语从句,从句中都应用shoulddoshould可省略Heagreedwithmysuggestionthatweshouldchangethedate.他同意我提出的更改日期的建议(同位语从句)Hissuggestionwasthatthematchshouldbeputoff.他的建议是比赛延期(表语从句)=Thatthematch(should)beputoffwashissuggestion.(主语从句)
(4)suggestvt.vi.建议
①suggeststh./doingsth./wh-
②suggestthatsb.shoulddosth.
③suggeststh.tosb.向某人提出某事suggesttosb.+thatclause向某人建议…… 注意suggest作“建议”讲,后接宾语从句时,从句中用shoulddoshould可省略例如MayIsuggestawhitewinewiththisdishsir先生,吃这道菜,我给你推荐一种白葡萄酒,好吗?Hesuggestedsettingoutatonce.他建议马上动身Didhesuggestwhattodonext他建议下一步干什么了吗?Weallsuggestedthatheshouldbetakentohospitalassoonaspossible.我们都建议尽快把他送到医院去ThedoctorsuggestedthatIshouldnotworkanylonger.ThedoctorsuggestedtomethatIshouldnotwalkanylonger.
(5)suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,后接宾语从句时,从句中的时态应视情况而定,不用虚拟语气Thepalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.她脸色苍白,这表明她病了
(6)Itissuggested+that-clause有人建议……(that-clause中谓语用“should+动词原形”,should常可省略)Ithasbeensuggestedthatbrightchildrenshouldtaketheirexamsearly.有人提议天资好的孩子提前考试7.satisfyvt.满足;使满意
(1)sb./sth.satisfysb.某人某事使某人满意
(2)besatisfiedtodosth.干某事满意
(3)satisfyone’sneeds/demands=meet/matchone’sneeds/demands满足某人的要求
(4)besatisfiedwith/at/about对……满意/满足Thegovernmenttriedtosatisfytheneedsofthepeople.政府尽力满足人民群众的需求Hesatisfiedmethathecoulddotheworkwell.他使我确信他能把工作做好Thebosswasverysatisfiedwithhisjob.老板对他的工作很满意派生词satisfactionn.满意;满足toone’ssatisfaction=tothesatisfactionsofsb.令某人满意的是satisfactoryadj.满意的;称心如意的satisfyingadj.令人满意的;令人满足的例如asatisfyingmeal令人满意的一顿饭satisfiedadj.满足的;满意的例如satisfiedexpression/look满意的神态8.containvt.包含;装有;容纳Theroomwassmallandcontainedtoomuchfurniture.房间不大,又装有太多的家具相关链接containedadj.镇定的;克制的 containern.容器用法拓展include也有“包括,包含”之意,但include侧重指整体里面“包含”个体e.g.Twonewnameswereincludedinthelist. 名单上包括两个新名字 contain作“包含”时,强调自身本身固有的成分,作此义时,只有被动语态,不可用于进行时e.g.Thebananacontainssugar. 香蕉含有糖分9.desirev.期望 n.欲望,希望,请求思维拓展desire+n./pron.desiretodo/doing=haveadesiredesiresb.tododesire+that-从句(谓语should+动词原形,表示虚拟语气)Itisdesirablethat+主+(should)do… ……是可取的(有利的)Wealldesirehappiness.我们都渴望幸福TheQueendesires女王很想马上见你Shedesiresyoutocomeatonce. 她盼望你立即来Hehasadesireforsuccess. 他想取得成功10.trickn.诡计;恶作剧拓展
①playtricksonsb./playatrickonsb.捉弄某人
②playajokeonsb.开某人的玩笑
③makeafoolof愚弄,嘲笑
④makefunof耍弄
⑤makejokesaboutsb.开某人的玩笑
⑥laughat嘲笑
⑦Youmustbejoking/kidding.你在开玩笑(表示惊讶,常用在口语中)11.treatv.对待;视为;治疗;款待 n.乐趣;乐事;款待主要搭配treat…as… 把……当作……对待;把……看作/视为……treatapatient/adisease治疗病人/疾病beone’streat由某人请客treatsb./oneselftosth.招待;款待;请(客);让自己享用特别好的东西Idecidedtotreathisremarkasajoke.我决定把他的话当作戏言Shetreatsusas/likechildren.她把我们当小孩看Aretheyabletotreatthisdisease他们能治这种病吗?Treatyourkeyboardwithcareanditshouldlastforyears.小心使用你的键盘,这样你可以使用很多年Hewastreatedasaheroonhisreleasefromprison.他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待I’lltreatyoutofish/dinnerthisevening.今晚我请你吃鱼/吃饭Wetookthekidstothezooasaspecialtreat.作为特别的消遣,我们带孩子到动物园去WhenIwasyoungchocolatewasatreat.我年轻的时候,吃巧克力是一种难得的享受Let’sgooutforlunch—mytreat.咱们到外面去吃午餐,我请客12.habitn.习惯;习性主要搭配formthehabitof…养成……的习惯fall/getintothehabitof染上……的习惯beinthehabitof处于……的习惯当中getsb.intothehabitof…使某人养成……的习惯getoutof/kick/giveupthehabitof…戒除……的习惯dosth. 做某事是出于习惯而为之I’mnotinthehabitoflendingmoney.我没有借钱给别人的习惯Ismokeonly我吸烟只是一种习惯makeahabit/practiceofit养成习惯Youcanborrowsomemoneythistimebutdon’tmakeahabitofit.这一次你可以借点钱,但不要养成这种习惯13.shouldern.肩部;肩v.肩负;承当主要搭配
(1)shouldertoshoulder=sidebyside肩并肩地拓展handinhand手拉手 arminarm臂挽臂地 facetoface面对面地 mouth-to-mouthbreath人工呼吸
(2)shouldertheresponsibility肩负责任
(3)shoulderone’sway用肩挤着往前走拓展elbowone’sway用胳膊肘挤着往前走 makeone’sway(排除困难)前进14.introuble处于困境中;有麻烦归纳与trouble有关的习语askfortrouble自找麻烦havetroubleindoingsth./withsth.做某事有困难getintotrouble陷入困境maketrouble制造麻烦taketroubletodosth.不辞劳苦干某事save/sparetrouble省事putsb.totrouble给某人添麻烦putsb.tothetroubleofdoingsth.麻烦某人做某事Apersonwithgoodmannerswillneverlaughatpeoplewhentheyareintrouble.一个有礼貌的人绝不会嘲笑身处困境的人Heisintroublewiththepolice.他犯事落入警察手里Ayachtsmangotintotroubleoffthecoastandhadtoberescued.一个驾驶帆船的人在海上遇险需要救援Shedidn’teventakethetroubletofindouthowtospellmyname.她嫌麻烦,甚至连我的姓名如何拼写都不想搞清楚15.ontheradio通过收音机,通过广播归纳overtheradio(=ontheradio)在广播电台做广播演出/讲话byradio通过无线电onthetelephone在打电话,通过电话overthetelephone通过电话ontelevision/TV在电视上,通过电视ontheair(节目)在播出之中onwebsites在网站16.pickout
(1)选出,选好Ittookmealongtimetopickoutanewsuitinthestore.我花了很长时间在那家商店挑了两套西服
(2)pickout还可表示“认出,看清”Canyoupickyourbrotheroutfromthegroupofpeople你能从那群人里认出你哥哥来吗?17.comeacross偶然遇见;碰上Icameacrossanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.在回家的路上,我偶然遇见我的一位老朋友归纳“意外遇到,偶然发现”的短语comeacrosshappentomeetmeet…bychancemeet…byaccidentmeet…bycoincidencemeet…withrunintorunacrosscome用法拓展comeabout发生cometo达到;谈到comeout出现;(真相)大白;出版,公布;褪色;花开comeup发芽;发生;被提出18.believein信任;信仰;支持;赞成主要用法
①believeinsth.相信某事;信仰 believeincommunism信仰共产主义 believeingod信仰上帝 believeinthemethod认为此办法行得通/有价值 believeingettingupearly认为早起有好处
②believeinsb.=trustsb.相信某人的品质,能力等比较believesb.=believewhatsb.say.相信某人所说的话 Ibelievehim.我相信他说的话 Ibelieveinhim.我信得过他
③believesb.to Ibelievehimtobehonest.我相信他是诚实的 Ibelievehimtohavedoneit.我相信他做过那事
④believe+that从句
⑤It’sbelievedthat…(=Peoplebelieve…)人们相信/认为……
⑥Ibelieveso.我相信如此 Idon’tbelieveso.=Ibelievenot.我相信不会这样
⑦believeitornot信不信由你(常用作插入语)
⑧beyondbelief难以置信地。