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定语从句定义I.定语从句起形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmotherwhomwhich和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboywhomsheloveddiedinthewar..whose人,物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人,物主语宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.SheisthepopstarthatIwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语宾语ThebookwhichIgaveyouwasworth$
10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人,物主语宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichⅡ.as与which的区别定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句 中名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思Theywonthegameaswehadexpected.Theywonthegamewhichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknownheisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.Ⅲ.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省略Hismotherwhomheloveddeeplydiedtenyearsago.
一、考点聚焦
1、功能相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置定语从句置于被修饰词之后Thosewhoarewillingtoattendthepartysignhereplease.
3、先行词被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-any-every-和no与-boy-thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系必须注意两点
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.
4、关系词引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词whowhomwhichthatwhoseas关系副词whenwherewhythat偶尔也作关系副词
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被
①形容词最高级
②序数词
③数词几种词修饰或被
④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.
(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身是that时
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
(1)当主句是therebe句型时,关系词用who
(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用thatWhoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语如DoyouknowMr.SmithwhosestoryisverymovingThereisaroomwhosewindowfacestheriver.Thereisaroomthewindowofwhichfacestheriver.
10、关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语
(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰,或句型asmany(much)中,从句都用as引导Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.注意区别
①such…that…引导的结果状语从句Theyaresuch lovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch .
②thesame…that…引导定语从句Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.
(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导区别
①意义上as含有“这点正如……一样”
②位置上as从句可置句首,也可在另处Hedidn’tpasstheexamaswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnowwhichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknowntheearthisroundnotflat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen指时间=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点=in/at/from/whichwhy指原因=forwhich当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词(非正式场合)Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.
12、必须注意的问题
(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句
②强调it无意义,that/who不是引导词
③强调itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.定语从句Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语有时可省略
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.同位语Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.定语
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时
②关系词作表语
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom
(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型
①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one为先行词)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students为先行词)
②Isthisplacetheonethatwevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplacethat/whichwevisitedyesterday
③Hestoodatthewindowfromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.
④Itmayraininwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.
二、精典名题导解
1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.(NMET2001)A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where解析答案为C本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词thehours和关系词被介词短语tome所分隔定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应选择表示时间的关系副词when
2.___________isknowntoeverybodythenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.NMET2001A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What解析答案为B本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句as作“正如……”解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子当as在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannounced等要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法
3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___________hegrewupasachild.NMET1996A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析答案为B本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语thesmalltown且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后选择适当的关系词定语从句基础训练题一.改错
1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.
2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin
3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.
4.July11999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.
5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.
6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.
7.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.
8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.
9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.
10.Soontheycametoafarmhouseandinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.
12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.
13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.
14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.
15.TaiwanthatweknowbelongstoChina.
16.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.
17.Whichisknowntoallmanysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.
18.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.
19.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouseofwhichroofisunderrepair.二.用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Iwillalwaysrememberthehours_____________welivedtogether.Iwillalwaysrememberthehours____________wespenttogether
2.Canyoustillthinkofthevillage______________heonceworkedCanyoustillthinkofthevillage______________heoncevisited
3.____isknowntoeverybodythemoontravelsroundtheearth._____isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearth.
4.Ihaveborrowedmanybooksmanyof_______areaboutmusic.Ihaveborrowedmanybooksandmanyof_____areaboutmusic
5.Thereare50studentsintheirclassmostof________arefromTonglu.Thereare50studentsintheirclassandmostof_______arefromTonglu三.用适当的介词填空Thesungivesusheatandlight________whichwecan’tlive.
2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.
3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.
4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet
5.Mandelawastheblacklawyer______whomIwentforadvice.
6.Hewasgenerouswithhistime_______whichIwasgrateful.
7.Thepartsoftown________whichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.
8.Itwasaprison________whichnooneescaped.
9.Heisamanofgreatexperience_________whommuchcanbelearned.
10.Chapin_______whommoneywasnownoproblemstartanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.四.单项选择
1.Theprettylady_________youtoldmetheotherdayturnedouttobeathief.A.whoB.whomC.aboutwhomD.withwhom
2.Isthisthefactory______yourfatherusedtoworkmanyyearsagoA.theplaceB.whichC.inwhichD.theoneinwhich
3.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding______thereisabigappletree?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhereD.infrontofwhich
4.Theperson____myfatherspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom
5.Thereason______shedidn’tcometoTom’sbirthdayisthathermotherwon’tlether.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.forwhat
6.Chinaisabeautifulcountry_____wearegreatlyproud.A.whichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.where
7.Iwillneverforgettheday_____Ijointhearmy.A.onwhichBinwhichC.whichDatwhich
8.Lastweekonlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse_____wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
9.Therearetwobuildings,______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich
10.“I’dliketogivemythankstothose____helpmysonwillbeabletosurvivehisterribledisease”saidthewomanonTV.AwhoBthatCwithwhoseDwiththeir定语从句强化训练题
1.Someoftheroadswereflooded_____madeourjourneymoredifficult. A.which B.it C.what D.that
2.Finallytheyarrivedataplace_______soldcigarettesandothersmallarticles.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.what
3.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool______hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis
4.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter_______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where
5.—Momwhatdidthedoctorsay—Headvisedmetolive______theairisfresher.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.Where
6.Itisreportedthattwoschools,_______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich7.Asurveywascarriedoutonthedeathrateofnewbornbabiesinthatareaweresurprising.A.asresultsB.whichresultsC.theresultsofitD.theresultsofwhich8.Thereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse____servedaskitchen.A.thesmallerofwhich B.thesmallofwhichC.thesmallerofthem D.thesmallerone
9.Franksdreamwastohavehisownshop____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how
10.“I’dliketogivemythankstothosehelpmysonwillbeabletosurvivehisterribledisease”saidthewomanonTV.A.whoB.thatC.withwhoseD.withtheir
11.Shehadtwonewcars______wasmadeinJapan.A.oneB.whichC.andoneofwhichD.andoneofthem
12.OnmywayhomeImetaman______Ithinkwasherbrother.A.whomB.thatC.whoD./
13.Nextwinter______youwillspendinHarbinI’msurewillbeanotherexcitingholiday.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.that
14._____totaketheEnglishEveningCoursepleasefillinthisform.A.ThosewhowantB.AnyonewantsC.ThosethatwantD.Peoplewant
15.Idontlike_____yousolvesuchproblems.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
16.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear_____80%aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat
17.Icanthinkofmanycases_____studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldntwriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where
18.TheOscaristheonlyoneofthefilmprizes_____offeredtoanyChineseactororactressbyfar.A.whichisnotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen
19.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFridayA.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
20.Thattree__________branchesarealmostbareisveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
21.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
22.Thisistheveryfilm_______Ivelongwishedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom定语从句高考题2007年高考
1.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.(上海卷)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
2.—Wheredidyougettoknowher—Itwasonthefarm_________weworked.(山东卷)A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where
3.Lastweekonlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse_______wantedtobuyit.(安徽卷)A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
4.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeoplemostof_____arehealthy(北京卷)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom
5.Byservingothersapersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself___________canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.(湖南卷)A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that
6.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool______hewentontoBeijingUniversity.(江苏卷)A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat
7.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheheededtodecidewhattodo.(江西卷)A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
8.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter_______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.(全国卷I)A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where
9.Todaywe’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.(陕西卷)A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
10.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewaskepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.(上海春)A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which
11.Itisreportedthattwoschools,_______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.(四川卷)A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich
12.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity________sightmattersmorethanhearing.(天津卷)A.whenwhoseC.whichD.where
13.Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet______usedtobepoorlyrunisnowasuccessfulbusiness.(浙江卷)A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where
14.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.(重庆卷)A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich
15.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear_____hefoundajobinabigcompany.(辽宁卷)A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis
16.Thevillagehasdevelopedalotwelearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.(福建卷)A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where2008年高考
1.Bynineo’clockalltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma____appearedararerainbowsoon.(福建卷)A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich
2.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors_____arebeyondourcontrol.(湖南卷)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat
3.TheScienceMuseum______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritainisoneofLondon’stouristattractions.(江苏卷)A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where
4.Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(山东卷)A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
5.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders__consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.(江西卷)A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which
6.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.全国IIA.itB.whatC.whichD.that
7.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea_________thepartyistobeheld(陕西卷)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
8.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch_________weremadeofsmalldiamonds.(陕西卷)A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich
9.Formanycitiesintheworldthereisnoroomtospreadourfurther_______NewYorkisanexample.四川卷A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich
10.Yesterdayshesoldhercar______sheboughtamonthago.(浙江卷)A.whomB.whereC.thatD.which
11.I’llgiveyouyourfriend’shomeaddressIcanbereachedmostevenings.(北京卷)A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where
12.TheywillflytoWashington___theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(重庆卷)A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when
13.Wewentthroughaperiod___communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas上海卷.A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich参考答案一.改错
1.去掉it
2.which改为theone
3.在man后加to
4.when改为that或which或去掉
5.在holidays后加when
6.where改为that或which
7.that改为who
8.去掉which或改为that也可在which前加in
9.when改为that
10.去掉and或把which改为it
11.which改为that
12.去掉it
13.在want前加who
14.because改为why
15.that改为as
16.which改为that
17.which改为as
18.which改为that
19.在roof前加the二.用恰当的关系代词或复习填空
1.when;that/which/不填
2.where;that/which/不填
3.As;It
4.which;them
5.whom;them三.用适当的介词填空
1.withoutwhich
2.about/with
3.on
4.for
5.to
6.for
7.in
8.from
9.from
10.for四.单项选择题1-5CCDBC6-10CADDC定语从句强化训练题1-5ABCDD6-10DDABC11-15BCBAA16-22ABCDAAA定语从句高考题2007年高考题1-5ADDDB6-10ADDDB11-16DDBBBD2008年高考题1-5DBADA6-10CBDCD11-13DAC。