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初一语法总汇初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的,但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小,容易被忽视,但这些知识点掌握不熟练,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误因此在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下,
一、初一英语语法——词法今天讲的内容
1、名词A)、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下一)在后面加s如fathersbooksAmericansGermansapplesbananas二)xshchstch后加es如boxesglassesdresseswatcheswishesfaxes三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如baby-babiesfamily-familiesduty-dutiescomedy-comediesdocumentary-documentariesstory-stories2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s如day-daysboy-boystoy-toyskey-keysways四)以o结尾加s(外来词)如radiosphotos但如是辅音加o的加es如:tomatoes西红柿potatoes马铃薯五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加ess如knife-kniveswife-wiveshalf-halvesshelf-shelvesleaf-leavesyourself-yourselves六)单复数相同(不变的)有fishsheepdeer鹿子ChineseJapanese七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有peoplepantsshortsshoesglassesglovesclothessocks八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有police警察局,警察class班,同学family家,家庭成员九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词如actionmovie-actionmoviespenpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数如mandoctor-mendoctorswomanteacher-womenteachers十)有的单复数意思不同如fish鱼fishes鱼的种类paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文work工作works作品,工厂glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜orange桔子水oranges橙子light光线lights灯people人peoples民族time时间times时代次数chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s如IsI’sKsK’s但如是缩略词则只加s如IDsVCDsSARs十二)特殊形式的有child-childrenman-menwoman-womenfoot-feetmouse-micepoliceman-policemenEnglishman-EnglishmenB)名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式构成如下一)单数在后面加’s如brother’sMike’steacher’s二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理如Teachers’Day教师节classmates’;Children’sDay六一节Women’sDay妇女节三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理如MikeandBen’sroom迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’sandBen’srooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词项目人称代词物主代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves指示代词单数thisthat复数thesethose
3、动词A)第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s,如下一)一般在词后加s如comesspellswaitstalksseesdancestrains二)在xshchstch后加es如watcheswasheswishesfinishes三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如study-studieshurry-hurriestry-tries2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s如playssaysstaysenjoysbuys四)以o结尾加es如doesgoes五)特殊的有are-ishave-hasB)现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下一)一般在后加ing如spell-spellingsing-singingsee-seeingtrain-trainingplay-playinghurry-hurryingwatch-watchinggo-goingdo-doing二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing如dance-dancingwake-wakingtake-takingpractice-practicingwrite-writinghave-having三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show–showingdraw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing如put-puttingrun-runningget-gettinglet-lettingbegin-beginning四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing如tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于
4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式构成如下一)一般在词后加er或est如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st如greater-greatestshorter–shortesttaller–tallestlonger–longestnicer-nicestlarger-largest二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母字母组合除外,如few-fewerfewest结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est如big-biggerbiggestred-redderreddesthot-hotterhottest三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est如happy-happierhappiestsorry-sorriersorriestfriendly-friendlierfriendliestmorefriendlymostfriendlybusy-busierbusiesteasy-easiereasiest四)特殊情况两好多坏,一少老远good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/ill–worseworstlittle-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest
5、数词基变序,有规则;
一、
二、三,自己背;
五、
八、
九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为ieth跟上去firstsecondthird;fiftheighthninthtwelfth;seventhtenththirteenthhundredth;twenty-twentiethforty-fortiethninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式
1.陈述句肯定陈述句aThisisabook.be动词bHelooksveryyoung.连系动词cIwantasweatlikethis.实义动词dIcanbringsomethingstoschool.情态动词eThere’sacomputeronmydesk.Therebe结构否定陈述句aThesearen’ttheirbooks.bTheydon’tlooknice.cKatedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.dKatecan’tfindherdoll.eThereisn’tacathere.=There’snocathere.
2.祈使句肯定祈使句aPleasegoandasktheman.bLet’slearnEnglish!cComeinplease.否定祈使句aDon’tbelate.bDon’thurry.
3.疑问句1一般疑问句aIsJimastudentbCanIhelpyoucDoesshelikesaladdDotheywatchTVeIsshereading肯定回答:aYesheis.bYesyoucan.cYesshedoes.dYestheydo.eYessheis.否定回答:aNoheisn’t.bNoyoucan’t.cNoshedoesn’t.dNotheydon’t.eNosheisn’t.2选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall回答It’sbig./It’ssmall.3特殊疑问句
①问年龄HowoldisLucySheistwelve.
②问种类WhatkindofmoviesdoyoulikeIlikeactionmoviesandcomedies.
③问身体状况HowisyouruncleHeiswell/fine.
④问方式Howdo/canyouspellitL-doubleO-K.HowdowecontactyouMye-mailaddressiscindyjones@
163.com.
⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub
⑥问时间What’sthetime=WhattimeisitIt’saquartertotena.m..WhattimedoyouusuallygetupRickAtfiveo’clock.WhendoyouwanttogoLet’sgoat7:
00.
⑦问地方Where’smybackpackIt’sunderthetable.
⑧问颜色WhatcoloraretheyTheyarelightblue.What’syourfavouritecolorIt’sblack.
⑨问人物Who’sthatIt’smysister.WhoistheboyinblueMybrother.Whoisn’tatschoolPeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto⑩问东西What’sthis/thatinEnglishIt’sapencilcase.WhatelsecanyouseeinthepictureIcanseesomebroccolistrawberriesandhamburgers.11问姓名What’syouraunt’snameHernameisHelen./She’sHelen.What’syourfirstnameMyfirstname’sBen.What’syourfamilynameMyfamilyname’sSmith.12问哪一个WhichdoyoulikeIlikeoneinthebox.13问字母WhatletterisitIt’sbigD/smallf.14问价格HowmucharethesepantsThey’re15dollars.15问电话号码What’syourphonenumberIt’s576-
8349.16问谓语动作What’shedoingHe’swatchingTV.17问职业身份WhatdoyoudoI’mateacher.What’syourfatherHe’sadoctor.
三、初一英语语法——时态
1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有Be动词She’saworker.IssheaworkerSheisn’taworker.情态动词Icanplaythepiano.CanyouplaythepianoIcan’tplaythepiano.行为动词Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.DotheywanttoeatanytomatoesTheydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes.Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatchGinadoesn’thaveawatch.
2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.I’mplayingbaseball.AreyouplayingbaseballI’mnotplayingbaseball.Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletterNancyisn’twritingaletter.They’relisteningtothepopmusic.AretheylisteningthepopmusicTheyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.。