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名词从句名词从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句以此举例Itisclearthathehasgone.ThequestioniswhenIcanleave.Idon’tknowwhoheis.Thenewsthathewillcomelateupsetsallofus.
一、主语从句优你课教育
1、由连词thatwhether引导的主语从句Itiscertainthathewillcome.Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.注whether引导主语从句,不能用if代替由that引导的主语从句还能改写成由it做形式主语的从句Itistruethattheearthisround.这类结构一般有优你课教育
①It+be+形容词+that,这类形容词有clearobviouslikelytrueprobablepossible
②It+be+said/believed/reported/hoped/announced/knownthat…
③It+seems/happens/appearsthat
④It+be+名词+that从句Itisacceptedbeliefthatwindisairinmovement.普遍认为风是流动的空气
2、由连接代词(who,which)和连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导的主语从句,也可以用it做形式主语引导Wholetoutthenewsremainedunknown.=Itremainedunknownwholetoutthenews.
3、由关系代词whatwhateverwhoever等引导的主语从句,此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导,合成词在句子中担任成分Whathesaidatthemeetingisimportant.—主语从句Thethingthathesaidatthemeetingisimportant.—定语从句what=thethingthatwhoever=anyonewhowhichever=anythingthat但是等号后面的不能引导名词性从句优你课教育(误)Nomatterwhogivesushelpiswelcome.(正)Whoevergivesushelpiswelcome.(误)I’llbelievenomatterwhathesays.(正)I’llbelievewhateverhesays.
二、表语从句用于表语从句的连词有thatwhetherwhatwhateverwhowhoeverwhenwherewhyhow等优你课教育例Thequestionishowwecangetthere.
1、that引导的表语从句
①名词主语+be+that从句常用作主语的名词表示事实、真理或看法、观点facttruthideaopinionbeliefviewfeelingsuggestionplan
②wh-引导的主语从句+be+that从句Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatallthepupilswereunusuallyquiet.
2、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
①This/That+be+wh-疑问词引导的从句ThisishowyoumaketheItalianpizza.
②名词主语+be+wh-疑问词引导的从句优你课教育Theproblemishowscientistscankeepintouchwiththediversunderthesea.注if不能用来引导表语从句优你课教育
3、asif/asthoughbecause引导的表语从句1)asif/asthough可以用陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thepatientlookedasifhehadbeenillforalongtime.2)because引导表语从句,主句主语不能用reason(reason与because不见面)ItmaybebecauseIdidn’thaveagoodsleeplastnight.Thereasonwhyshecalledmeisthatshewillnotattendtheparty.如果主句主语是reason,表语从句连接词用that
三、宾语从句
1、连词与主语从句和表语从句一样,但是它与主语从句、表语从句的区别是if可以用于宾语从句中,有时可以和whether互换that在宾语从句中可以省略,主语从句和表语从句中不能省略,that引导的宾语从句常用形式宾语it来引导优你课教育
2、介词宾语从句1)that引导的从句做介词宾语从句优你课教育that引导的从句很少做介词的宾语从句,只在exceptinbutbesides等少数介词后使用(inthat因为…,exceptthat除了…,butthat要不是…,除了)IcouldsaynothingbutthatIwassorry.但可跟在带有形式宾语it之后作介词的真正宾语,这类词有seeto负责,dependon依靠,relyon依靠,counton指望例Seetoitthatthedoorissafelylockedbeforeyougo.你走之前一定要锁好门2)关系代词/副词引导的从句做介词宾语从句HewassatisfiedwithwhatIdid.Whatweshouldtakewithusdependonwherewe’llstay.3)不及物动词后跟介词宾语从句有些不及物动词后边如果跟宾语从句,省去介词例Idon’tcarewhetherhelikesmeornot.比较Idon’tcareabouthim.Iinsistthatyoushouldlearnasecondlanguage.比较Iinsistonyourlearningasecondlanguage.
3、宾语从句中需要注意的事项1)宾语从句时态优你课教育当主句是现在的时态(一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时),从句时态可根据实际情况而定当主句是过去的时态(一般过去时,过去进行时),从句的时态要变为相应过去的时态2)主句是Idon’tthink…宾语从句主语必须是第一人称I/we,才能用这样的句型(否定主句,不否定从句)类似Idon’tthink…句型的有Idon’timagineIdon’tbelieveIdon’tsuppose★注意该句型反意疑问句用法Idon’tthinkyoucandothatcanyou3)连词that省略优你课教育对于连接词and或but所连接的两个做宾语的that从句中,第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略,第二个则不能省略Hesaidthathehasworkedfornearlytenyearshereandthathewantedtogohome.4)doubt/sure引导的宾语从句,用whether/if和that的区别★句型Idoubtwhether/if…我怀疑……是否……;Idon’tdoubtthat…我毫不怀疑……IdoubtwhetherhecanspeakEnglish.对比Idon’tdoubtthathecanspeakEnglish.★句型I’mnotsurewhether/if…我不确定……是否……;I’msurethat…我相信……I’mnotsurewhether/ifthenewsistrue.对比I’msurethathecandoitwell.有两种句型
①be+形容词+that从句WearecertainthatwewilldowellinEnglishwriting.
②be+not+形容词+wh-从句Heisnotsurewhysomanygirlswanttobeairhostesses.此类形容词有certainafraidsureanxiousworriedsurprisedhappydisappointed.
四、同位语从句与先行词同位或同等的从句称为同位语从句,一般由连词that引导,在从句中不担任成分,不能省略,whether也能引导同位语从句同位语从句一般有两种
1、名词+that引导的从句常用的同位名词有answerbeliefdoubtfacthopeideanewsorderquestionreplyrumourthought等例Therumorthatthere’llbetheearthquakesoonspreadalloverthearea.
2、名词+wh-疑问词/how引导的同位语从句Haveyouanyideawheretheyarehavingarehearsal★注同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语that起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分,定语从句的关系代词充当从句的某一成分对比Ibelievedthefactthathewashonest.Ibelievedthefactthathethoughttobetrue.
五、名词从句中注意的事项
1、连词that用法总结优你课教育that引导主语从句、宾语从句通常用it做形式主语或形式宾语;that在引导宾语从句时可以省略,引导其他从句不能省略
2、总结whether和if引导名词从句优你课教育whether可以用于所有的名词从句,if只用于宾语从句
1、在宾语从句中,whether后面可直接跟ornot,而if不能Idon’tknowwhether/ifIcancomeornot.比较Idon’tknowwhetherornotIcancome.
2、如果宾语从句是否定结构,只能用if,而不能用whetherIdon’tcareifhedoesn’tshowup.优你课教育
3、介词宾语从句只能用whether引导Weworriedaboutwhetherhewasingoodhealth.
4、引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时用whetherThequestionwhetherheshouldcomehimselforsendanotheronehasn’tbeendecided.
5、whether后可接动词不定式,而if不可以如果用形式主语的时候,whether和if都可以It’snotcleartomewhether/ifshelikesthepresent.
6、whether引导的宾语从句放句首,不能用if代替优你课教育WhetherheisanexpertIdon’tmind.
7、discuss后的宾语从句用whetherWearediscussingwhetherweshouldgoswimming.。