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初三英语总复习资料透析中考英语语法状语从句考点【状语从句命题趋势】用一个句子从句来作另一个句子主句的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句例如条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语1.考查时间状语从句;2.考查原因状语从句;3.考查地点状语从句;4.考查结果状语从句;5.考查条件状语从句;6.考查让步状语从句;7.考查伴随状语从句;8.考查方式状语从句;【考点诠释】
一、时间状语从句在时间状语从句中,通常要用动词的一般现在时态表示将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来式时间状语从句常用连词有whenaswhilewheneverafterbeforetilluntilsinceonceassoonas或themomentbythetimenosooner…thanhardlyscarcely…wheneverytime等引导
1.考查whenwhileas引导,表示“当……时候”.【考例】一Mum,____shallwehavelunch—Wewillhaveitwhenyourdad__________.[07连云港市]Awhen;returnsBwherereturnsC.where;willreturnD.when;willreturn[答案]A.[解析]答语中when引导了一个时间状语从句,主句用了一般将来时态,所以从句用一般现在时态,可见正确答案在A与B之中既然答语用了时间状语来回答,可见问句询问的也一定是时间,从而确定正确答案为A
2.before的用法before的本意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……,趁着还没……就……,不知不觉就……,……才……”等如【考例】Couldyoupleasegivemeyoure-mailaddress_________yougo[昆明市]A.assoonasB.beforeC.afterD.until[答案]B.[解析]这四个词组都可以引导时间状语从句,assoonas一……就.before在……之前;after在……之后;until直到……才分析句子可以看出句意为“在你走之前把你的电子邮件地址给我好吗”3.until和till的用法与肯定式的主句连用,主句谓语必须是延续性动词,till/until表示“……直到……”;与否定式的主句连用,且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时,till/until表示“直到……才……”其强调句型为“not…until”,位于句首时要采用倒装形式如【考例】一Hurryup.Thebusiscoming.—Ohno.Wemustntcrossthestreet____thetrafficlightsaregreen.[福州市]A.afterBsinceCwhileD.until[答案]D.[解析]本题应从句意人手until常用于否定句中,构成not…until结构,意为“直到……才……”,该句意为“直到交通灯变绿,我们才能穿过马路”Thekidsdidntstarttoflykitesintheplayground_________therainstopped.[成都市]A.ifB.untilC.wheneverD.when[答案]B.[解析]not…until…直到……才“直到雨停孩子们才可以去操场放风筝”,--Look!Herecomesourschoolbus.--Nohurry.Dontgetonit_________ithasstopped.[安徽省]A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.whenA.[解析]句中有dont,可想not...until为固定结构,意为“直到……才……”
二、对结果状语从句的考查【考例】ThecameraisexpensiveIcan’taffordit.2004辽宁本溪A.sothatB.suchthatC.soastoD.enoughthat[答案]:A[命题立意]本题考查从属连词引导结果状语从句的用法[试题解析]依据题意这照相机太贵以致我买不起expensive为形容词so…that…句中要用形容词或副词;such…that…要用形容词修饰名词其他两项不能引起从句故选A
三、对条件状语从句的考查引导条件状语从句的从属连词有ifunless=if…not如果不……,除非,as/solongaswhile=aslongas只要,suppose/supposingthatprovided/providingthatincase假使,onconditionthat在……的条件下等如【考例】__yougotobedearlieryouwontfeeltiredinthemornings.[沈阳市]A.UnlessBBecauseC.IfD.When[答案]C.[解析]考查if引导的条件状语从句“假如你早一点上床睡觉,那么你在上午就不会感到累”Youwontpassyourexams___________youworkharder.[广东省]A.whenB.ifC.unlessD.after[答案]C.[解析]when,after一引导的是时间状语从句,不合题意;if,unless引导的是条件状语从句,If不合句意,“除非你更加努力地学习,否则,你不会通过考试”故用unless
四、对让步状语从句的考查用来引导让步地点状语从句的从属连词有though,although,evenif/though,while虽然、尽管,fora11that尽管whether...or不论/不管……还是……以及“疑问词+ever(whatever,wherever,whoever,however,)”和“nomatter+疑问词”等【考例】—Shallwegoonworking—YesIprefertohavearest.(2004江西省南昌)A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though[答案]:D[命题立意]本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法[试题解析]依据上句我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会【考例】Edisonnevergaveuphefailedmanytimes.2004四川A.andB.thoughC.orD.even[答案]:B[命题立意]本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法[试题解析]依据题意即使爱迪生失败多次,他也决不放弃though用来引导让步状语从句故选B
五、对目的状语从句的考查引导目的状语从句的从属连词有sothatinorderthat为了,以便;incase以防,以免,lest免得,以防,forfearthat以免,惟恐等从句中一般含有cancouldmaymightwillwould等情态动词如【考例】一MoreandmorepeopleinBeijingarelearningEnglish_______theycanbetterservethe2008OlympicGames.一Imsuretheywill.[宜昌市]A.becauseofBsothatC.eventhoughD.asif[答案]B.[解析]本题也应从句意人手越来越多的人学习英语,“为的是”能更多更好地为奥运服务sothat引导一个目的状语从句【语法回顾】状语从句的分类
(一)时间状语从句用法要点
(1)as、when、while用法一览表类别作用例句Asas表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生ShecameupasIwascooking.同时Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.几乎同时Whenatorduringthetimethat既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.指时间点Whenwewereatschoolwewenttothelibraryeveryday.在一段时间内whilewhile意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词在when表示aperiodoftime时,两者可以互换Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有whenbeforeafteruntilassoonaswhile等,具体用法如下
1、when意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生例如Ifeelveryhappywhenyoucometoseeme.你(们)来看我时,我感到很高兴Whenyouarecrossingthestreetyoumustbecareful.你(们)过街道时,一定要小心when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词例如HewasworkingatthetablewhenIwentin.当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwassleeping.当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门IwillvisitmygoodfriendwhenIhavetime.当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友IworkedforaforeigncompanywhenIwasinShanghai.当我在上海时,我为一家外国企业工作注when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事Iwasfishingbytheriverwhensomeonecalledforhelp.我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时有人求救Wewereworkinginthechemistrylabwhenthelightswentout.我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了
2、before意为“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前例如Wecleanedtheclassroombeforeweleftschoolyesterday.昨天离开学校之前,我们打扫了教室Hehadbeenacookbeforehewenttocollege.他上大学前曾当过厨师after意为“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后例如Afteryouuseplasticbagsyoumustntthrowthemabout.你(们)用过了塑料袋之后,不准到处乱扔Hecalledmeafterhehadfinishedhiswork.他在工作完之后给我打了个电话注若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,例如上面的第二句可改成Hecalledmeafterhefinishedhiswork.
3、since引导的时间状语从句,译为“自从……”,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时例如Wehavemademanydumplingssincewebegantocook.自从我们开始做饭起,我们已经包了许多饺子了Wehaventseeneachothersinceweparted.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面注常用句型Itis+时间段+since从句 译为自从……有多长时间了例如Itissixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了
4、until意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否定形式not...until...意为“直到……才……”,这时的until可以用before来替换例如Illstayhereuntilyoucomeback.我会呆在这里,直到你回来stay表示的动作可以持续Hedidntgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到做完作业才睡觉gotobed表示的动作不能持续
5、assoonas意为“一……就……”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发生例如Illtellhimaboutitassoonashecomesback.他一回来我就告诉他这件事
6、while引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与……同时,在……期间”,while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词例如Theyrushedinwhilewewerediscussingproblems.当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来FatherwascleaningthecarwhileIwasplayingcomputergames.当我正在打电子游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车注while也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而”例如Ilikelisteningtomusicwhilemybrotherlikesdoingsports.我喜欢听音乐,而我的兄弟爱好运动
7、till和until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……为止”,not…till/until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……才”前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用点动词例如Iwillwaitformyfrienduntil/tillhecomes.我要一直等到我朋友来Wewontstartourdiscussionuntil/tillhecomes.我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论
(二)条件状语从句用法要点我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,表示假如有从句的动作发生就不会有主句的动作发生例如Ifitdoesntraintomorrowwewillgotherebybike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里IfIgetthereearlyIcanseethedoctorquickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病
(三)地点状语从句用法要点常用where(哪里)和wherever(无论哪里)例如Wherethereisawillthereisaway.有志者,事竟成Wewillgowhereverthemotherlandneedsusmost.我们要到祖国最需要的地方去
(四)原因状语从句用法要点常用的引导连词有becauseas和since三者的区别是在回答问题的时候,使用because;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在主句之前,而because的从句常放在主句之后例如Whydidyougo IwentbecauseTomtoldmetogo.你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去Hewasangrynotbecausewewerelatebutbecausewemadeanoise.他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音Asitwasraininghardwehadtobeindoors.由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里Sinceyoufeelillyoudbetternotgotowork.既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了
(五)目的状语从句用法要点常用的引导连词有sothatthat和inorderthat译为以便,为了,目的是例如Pleasespeakmoreslowlysothatwecanmakefullnotes.请讲慢一点,以便我们能作详细笔记IshallwritedownyouraddresssothatImaynotforget.我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记Isenttheletterbyairmailinorderthatitmightreachhimintime.这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到注目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语例如Weworkharderthanusual tofinishitinaweek. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作
三、主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况
1.若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时例如Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.过马路时要小心Putupyourhandifyouhaveanyquestionstoask.如果你们有问题要问的话,请举手Thetrafficmuststopwhenthelightsarered.红灯亮时,车辆必须停下
2.若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时例如Shecouldsingwhenshewasfouryearsold.她四岁的时候就会唱歌练习
1.—Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness-- _____
1982. 94A.After B.In C.From D.Since
2.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasillespecially_____________FatherwasawayinFrance.94A.as B.that C.during D.if
3.Ifweworkwithastrongwillwecanovercomeanydifficulty____greatitis. 95A.what B.how C.however D.whatever
4.Afterthewaranewschoolbuildingwasputup__therehadoncebeenatheatre.97A.that B.where C.which D.when
5.—Iamgoingtothepostoffice.--- you’retherecanyougetmesomestamps99A.As B.While C.Because D.If
6.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_________youcanfindthemagain.99A.when B.where C.then D.there
7.____________you’vegotthechanceyoumightaswellmakefulluseofit.99A.Nowthat B.After C.Although D.Assoonas
8.We’llhavetofinishthejob_____________. 99A.longittakeshowever B.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakes D.howeverlongittakes
9.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenightbuttheyhungup____________Icouldanswerthephone.00A.as B.since C.until D.before
10.TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname_____________itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.00A.aslongas B.while C.if D.eventhough
11.Themenwillhavetowaitallday_________thedoctorworksfaster. 01春季A.if B.unless C.whether D.that
12.—DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher —YesIgaveittoher____________Isawher. 01春季 A.while B.themoment C.suddenly D.once
13.Americanseat_____vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin
1910.02上海春季 A.morethantwice B.astwiceasmany C.twiceasmanyas D.morethantwiceasmany
14.—Howfarapartdotheylive---_____Iknowtheyliveinthesameneighborhood. 03上海A.Aslongas B.Aswellas C.Asfaras D.Asoftenas
15.Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity________hereachestheendofthestory. 03上海 A.when B.unless C.after D.until
16.Generallyspeaking________accordingtothedirectionsthedrughasnosideeffect. 03上海 A.whentaking B.whentaken C.whentotake D.whentobetaken
17.—DadI’vefinishedmyassignment.—Goodand__________youplayorwatchTVyoumustn’tdisturbme. 03上海A.whenever B.whether C.whatever D.nomatter
18.—Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool —Yes.Hehasneverpraisedhim____________hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade. 03北京春季A.after B.unless C.until D.when
19.Hemadeamistakebutthenhecorrectedthesituation_______itgotworse. 03北京A.until B.when C.before D.as
20.___________IknowthemoneyissafeIshallnotworryaboutit. 03北京A.Eventhough B.Unless C.While D.Aslongas
21.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_________itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.04福建 A.since B.after C.before D.when
22.Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleep__ muchworkyouhavetodo.04湖北 A.however B.nomatter C.although D.whatever
23.Itwasevening_______wereachedthelittletownofWinchester. A.that B.until C.since D.before
24._____modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetintothegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand. 04浙江 A.While B.Since C.As D.If
25.Wewereswimminginthelake______suddenlythestormstarted.04北京春季A.when B.while C.until D.before
26._______Icanseethereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.04北京春季A.Aslongas B.Asfaras C.Justas D.Evenif
27.Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad ______ wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.04辽宁 A.whenever B.until C.while D.wherever
28._____youcallmetosayyourenotcomingIllseeyouatthetheatre.04四川A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless
29.Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant________youlike. 04重庆A.whenever B.wherever C.whatever D.however
30.__________IacceptthatheisnotperfectIdoactuallyliketheperson.04江苏A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless
31.Severalweekshadgoneby______Irealizedthepaintingwasmissing. 04 A.as B.before C.since D.when
32.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark_____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.04上海 A.when B.while C.since D.once
33.___Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.04上海春季 A.Howeverthestoryisamusing BNomatteramusingthestoryis C.Howeveramusingthestoryis D.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing
34.Itisalmostfiveyears wesaweachotherlasttime.A.before B.since C.after D.when
35.Whatatable!I’veneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis itislong.05湖北A.halfnotaswideas B.widenotashalfasC.nothalfaswideas D.aswideasnothalf
36.Simonthoughthiscomputerwasbroken hislittlebrotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturniton.05北京春季A.until B.unless C.after D.because
37.I’dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.05北京A.assoonas B.asaresult C.incase D.sothat
38.Itwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlater Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.05河南、河北A.since B.when C.as D.that
39.UnlikewatchingTVreadingisahighlyactiveprocess过程_______itrequiresattentionaswellasmemoryandimagination.(05江苏)A.until B.but C.unless D.for
40.Theoldtowermustbesaved______thecost.05浙江 A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever
41.Youmustkeeponworkingintheevening______youaresureyoucanfinishthetaskintime.05安徽A.as B.if C.when D.unless
42.Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.Itsyears______Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.05安徽A.when B.that C.before D.since
43.Johnisthetallestboyintheclass___________accordingtohimself.05安徽A.fivefooteightastallas B.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteighttallas D.astallfivefooteightas
44.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight —Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock hearrivedhome.05福建 A.before B.when C.that D.until
45.Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions_______theyaredifferentfromyourown.05湖南 A.until B.evenif C.unless D.asthough
46.ThemoreIthinkabouthimthemorereasonsIfindforlovinghim__Idid.05湖南 A.asmuchas B.aslongas C.assoonas D.asfaras
47. you’vetriedit.youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.(06北京)A.Unless B.Because C.Although D.When
48.---Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe________Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon ---Perhapstwoorthreeyears. (06福建)A.when B.until C.that D.before
49.JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured. (06广东) A.as B.if C.when D.where
50.Youcanthavethisfootballback youpromisenottokickitatmycatagaintheoldmansaidfirmly. (06广东) A.because B.since C.when D.until
51.Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusilydryingmyselfwithatowel____Iheardthesteps. (06湖南)A.while B.when C.since D.after
52.________environmentaldamageisdoneittakesmanyyearsfortheecosystem生态系统torecover.(06江苏)A.Evenif B.Ifonly C.While D.Once
53.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal afamiliarvoicecametohisears.(06辽宁)A.why B.where C.when D.while
54. ____hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledgetheoldworkerhasalotofexperience.A.Since B.Unless C.As D.Although
55.We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(06山东)A.where B.that C.when D.which
56.Howcanyouexpecttolearnanything____youneverlisten(06山东)A.incase B.evenif C.unless D.when
57.Hisplanwassuchagoodone________weallagreedtoacceptit.(06陕西)A.so B.and C.that D.as
58.Thisisaveryinterestingbook.I’llbuyit________.(06陕西)A.howmuchmayitcost B.nomatterhowitmaycostC.howevermuchitmaycost D.howmayitcost
59.Myparentswerequarrellingaboutme____Icouldnotquitetellwhy.(06上海)A.since B.though C.if D.until
60.---Momwhatdidyourdoctorsay ---Headvisedmetolive_____theairisfresher. (06四川) A.inwhere B.inwhich C.theplacewhere D.where
61.---Whydidn’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting ---Herushedoutoftheroom____Icouldsayaword. (06四川) A.before B.until C.when D.after
62.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest. (06天津)A.since B.when C.as D.while
63.Ifyouaretraveling thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourownpleasedoastheRomansdo. (06天津)A.inwhich B.what C.when D.where
64.Intimeofseriousaccidents,________ weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaidwecansavelives. (06重庆)A.whether B.until C.if D. unless
65._________mostoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywaterfreshwaterisveryrareandprecious. (06上海春季)A.As B.Once C.If D.AlthoughAnswers:1------ 5 DACBB 6------10 BADDC 11------15 BBDCD 16------20 BBCCD 21-----25 CADDA 26------30 BBDAA 31------35 BACBC 36-----40 ADDDB 41------45 DDBBB 46------50 AADAD 51-----55 BDCDA 56------60 DCCBD 61------65 ADDCD。